The So-called “Fake News” Phenomenon

 Since 2016 the term “fake news” floated in American news media.
 Fake news is written and published with the intent to mislead in order to gain
financially or politically, often with sensationalist, exaggerated, or patently false
headlines that grab attention.
 The proper label to use when analyzing so-called “fake news” is “information
disorder”
 Wardle and Derakhshan identified the 3 types of information disorder:
1. Misinformation- when false information is shared, but no harm is meant.
2. Disinformation- when false information is knowingly shared to cause
harm.
3. Mal-information- when genuine information is shared to cause harm, often
by moving information designed to stay private into the public sphere.
 Dr. Claire Wardle identified the 7 common types of misinformation and
disinformation:
1. Satire or parody

2. Misleading content
3. Imposter content

4. Fabricated content

5. False connection

6. False context
7. Manipulated content