nghUslf;fk;

6.0. Kd;Diu
6.1. rpj;jh;fs; Njhw;Wtpj;j rpj;j kUj;Jtk;
6.2. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L $Wk; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;
6.3. kdpj clypy; Njhd;Wk; Neha;fs;
6.4. gpw E}y;fs; $Wk; rpj;j Kiwg;gb Neha;fisr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpjpfSk;
tpjKk;
6.5. epfz;L $Wk; Neha;fs;
6.6. kUe;J nra;Kiw (nea;)
6.7. gpw kUe;Jfs;
6.7.1. ePz;lfhy Nehaw;w tho;T tho
6.7.2. rspfl;lhd Nfhio fgk; ePqf
;
6.8. etfz;l cg;G-itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp
6.9. rpj;jkUe;J jahhpg;Gfs;
6.9.1. Rz;zk;
6.9.1.1. Rz;zq;fspd; tiffs;
6.9.2. cg;G tiffs;
6.9.2.1. cg;gpd; NtW ngah;fs;
6.9.2.2. Mwhk; fha;r;rYg;Gf;F NtW ngah;fs;
6.9.3. nraePh;
6.9.4. ghlhzk;
6.9.5. rpt ghlhzk; - nra;Kiw
6.9.6. Nyfpak;
6.9.7. nre;J}uk;
6.9.8. gw;gk;
6.10. ,d;iwa tof;fpy; ,y;yhj kUe;J nra;Kiwfs;
6.11. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L Xh; kUe;Jg; ngl;lfk;
6.12. kUj;Jtf; filr;ruf;Ffs;
6.13. epWj;jy; msT Kiw
KbTfs;

249
6.0. Kd;Diu

cyfpy; kf;fs; Kjd;Kjypy; tho;e;j epyg;gFjpahdJ ,e;jpag;

ngUq;flyhy; R+og;gl;L> njd; kJiuia jiyefuhfg; ngw;W jkpofk;

vd;w ngahpy; tpsq;fpajhf rq;f E}y;fshy; mwpayhk;.

“gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; 2-Mk; gjpfj;jpy; “,kpo; fly; Ntypj;j jkpofk;

tpsq;f” vd;Wk; ehtf;furuhy; “ehtyk; ngUe;jPtpy;” vd;Wk;
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ehtye;jPtpYs;s jkpofj;jpd; njw;Nf
Fkhpahw;Wf;Fk; g/Wsp ahw;Wf;Fk; ,ilapy; 700 fhjk; (7000
iky;) gug;Gs;s gFjpapy; Vo;njq;f ehL Kjypa 49
ehLfspUe;jd. rptdhh;> mk;ikahh;f;Fk; ee;jp ahh;f;Fk; 700000k;
ghl;Lf;fspy; itj;jpak; thjk;> fw;gk;> thD}y;> ke;jpuk;> Nahfk;>
Qhdk; d;w VO nghUs;fisAk; $wpaUspdhh;. jpU%yh;
itj;jpak;> 600y; “jdQ;nra tPrd; jha;f; fd;W nrhd;dJ>
1
fide;NjO yl;rq; fiufz;L ghh;j;NjNd” vd;Wf; $wpAs;shh;”
(,uhk.FUrhkpf; Nfhdhh;> mbfshh; rpj;j itj;jpa mfuhjp> gf;fk; 2)
vd;wf; Fwpg;G topahf rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpd; njhd;ik tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

“%ypiffs;> ruf;F tiffs; - 1008> ghlhzq;fs; - 64> cg;G

tiffs;-25> cNyhfq;fs;-25> cNyhfq;fs;-9> jhJg; nghUl;fs;>
cgurr; ruf;Ffs;–120> mtw;wpd; rj;Jf;fs;> Mfpa itj;jpaj;Jf;F
Ntz;ba nghUs;fspd; ngah;fSk; Kg;G+tpd; ghpil Ngh;fSk;>
ghpghi\ ngah;fSk;> %ypiffspd; ngah;fSk; ed;F
njhpe;jhnyhopa cah;e;j kUe;Jfs; nra;a ekf;F KbahJ”2
(,uhk.FUrhkpf; Nfhdhh;> mbfshh; rpj;j itj;jpa mfuhjp)
vd;W ,uhk.FUrhkpf; Nfhdhh; kUe;Jg; nghUl;fis tifg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.

cyfpy; ,aq;fhj nghUs;fs; ,uz;L ,yl;rk; cs;sd. mit

midj;ijAk; $Wk; E}y;fs; xU nkhopapYk; ,y;iy. xt;nthU

%ypiffspd; tbtk;> epwk;> kzk;> ,iy> G+> fha;> Fzk; Kjypatw;iw

ed;F tpsf;ff;$ba E}y; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUtJ Nghyj; jkpopYk;

,Uf;f Ntz;L nkd;gJ ,d;wpaikahjJ. rpj;jh;fs; nra;jpUf;Fk;

250
epfz;LfspYs;s ngah;fNs mt;tg; nghUs;fspd; Fzq;fis ed;F

tpsf;Ffpd;wd. cNyhfq;fisAk; ghlhzq;fisAk; kUe;JfSf;Fg;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;jpahtpy; jkpo;r; rpj;j itj;jpa E}y;fNs

cyfpYs;;s vy;yh ehl;L itj;jpah;fSf;Fk; topfhl;bahf ,Ue;J

tUfpd;wd. ,t;tpaypy; rpj;jkUe;jpay; gw;wp Muha;r;rp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

6.1. rpj;jh;fs; Njhw;Wtpj;j rpj;j kUj;Jtk;

vjph;fhyr; rKjhaj;ij fhf;Fk; topKiwfis Kd;Ng rpe;jpj;J>

mwpe;J> nray;gLj;jpf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; mwpTilth;fSf;F>

mjph;r;rpapy; eLq;Fk;gbahd Jd;gk; mth;fSf;Fk;> mth;fspd; ehl;bw;Fk;

vJTk; mZfptplhJ vd;gJ ts;Sth; thf;F.

“vjpujhf; fhf;Fk; mwptdhh;f; fpy;iy

mjpu tUtNjhh; Neha;”3 (Fws; vz; 429)
vd;wf; Fwl;gh ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf mikfpd;wJ.

fhyg;Nghf;fpy;> rpwpJ rpwpjha; ,aw;ifapd; epyeLf;fk;> flw;Nfhs;

Nghd;w rPw;wk; fhuzkhfTk;> ntspehl;lhh; gilnaLg;G Nghd;witfspd;

jhf;FjyhYk; gy VLfs; mope;jd. mope;jit Nghf vQ;rpaitfspy;

rpy> Nkiy ehl;L E}y; epiyaq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ld vdf;

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. vQ;rpAs;s VLfshYk;> kUj;Jtf; fiyiaj;

njhd;Wnjhl;Lf; ifahz;LtUk; kUj;Jth;fs; thapyhfTk;> gy

E}w;whz;Lfshf mjd; mbg;gil cz;ik> jdpj;jd;ik fhuzkhfTk;

rpj;j kUj;Jtk; mopahJ epiy ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.

jQ;iria Mz;l kuhl;ba kd;dh; ruNgh[p kd;dh;fspd;

Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; rpj;j> MAh;Ntj> Adhdp kUj;Jt VLfs; vy;yhk;

ruRtjp kfhy; E}y; epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. kUj;Jtr; nra;KiwAk;>

251
gpzpj; jPh;Tk; mth; Vw;gLj;jpa jd;te;jphp kfhypy; kWkyh;r;rpAw;wd.

mt;thW ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJjhd; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L.

rpj;j itj;jpa Kiwfis ,iwtdplk; ,Ue;J ngw;W mij

,t;Tyfpw;Fj; je;J rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ijahfj; jpfo;gth;

mfj;jpah;. ,tuJ gilg;Gfisj;jtpu gpwh; gyUk; mfj;jpah; ngahpy;

80f;Fk; mjpfkhd rpj;j kUj;Jt E}y;fis ntspapl;Ls;sdh;.

6.2. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L $Wk; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;il ntspapl;Ls;s rpj;jh; mfj;jpa Kdpth;

gQ;r fhtpaj;jpy; cs;s rpj;j kUj;Jt Kiwfis vLj;Jf; $wp>

,e;E}iy Xh; epfz;lhf kl;Lky;y rpj;j kUj;Jt E}yhfTk; mwpKfk;

nra;fpwhh;. ,e;j E}ypd; Kjy; ghlypNyNa Kjy; rpj;j kUj;Jth; ee;jp

gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpwhh.; gpd; jd;te;jphp> mRtpdp vd;w MAh;Ntj gz;bjh;fs;

gw;wpAk; $Wfpwhh;. ,jd; %yk; ,e;epfz;L rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpw;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;Js;sij mwpa KbfpwJ.

“thuhd ee;jp kiwNahh;fs; Nghw;wp

kiwE}Yk; Ntjj;jpd; fhz;lk; Nghw;wp
Muhd jd;te;jphp mRtpdp Nghw;wp”4
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 1> mbfs; 5-7)
rpj;j kUj;Jtk; gw;wp ghly; 4 kw;Wk; 7 $WfpwJ. rpj;j

kUj;Jtj;jpd; rpwg;ignay;yhk; 200 ghly;fspy; vLj;Jiuj;j ,e;j E}y;

rpj;jh;fSf;nfy;yhk; Kjd; E}yhFk; vd;gij ghly;fs; 4 kw;Wk; 7

tpsf;FfpwJ.

“vl;lhd itj;jpaj;jpd; fUnty;yhe;jhd;

vLj;Jiuj;Njd; ,UE}W ghlYf;Fs;
jl;lhd td%yp kiwg;ngy;yhe;jhd;
kfj;jhd filr;ruf;fpd; jpUl;nly;yhe;jhd;

252
 gl;lhd ghpghirapy;yhky; jhd;
ghpthfg; ghbtpl;Nlhk;> ,t;ntz;Z}wpy;
jpl;lhe;jpuj;jpdplg; nghUs; Nghy; fhZk;
rpj;jh;fSf;nfyhk;> FUE}y; njsptjhNk”5
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 7)

,UE}W ghly;fspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpd; rpwg;G vy;yhtw;iwak;

vLj;Jiuj;Njd;. fhLfspy; fhzg;gLk; %ypiffspd;

ngUikfisnay;yhk; tpsf;fpNdd;. filr; ruf;Ffspd; nra;Kiwfis

kiwj;Jf; $whky; fUizAld; ghbNdd;. 800 ghly;fspy; nghUspd;

(jp\;lhe;jk;) Kbit tiuaWj;Jf; $wpNdd;. ,e;E}y;>

rpj;jh;fSf;nfy;yhk; Kjy; E}yhFk; vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“fhg;ghFk; G+uzNk rpd;kaNk ma;ah

fUJNthk;> ghhpYs;s rpj;jh;fn
; fy;yhk;
Nrh;g;ghFk;> Nrhjpia jl;rzhad; vd;ngah;
nrg;GfpNwhk;> Gyj;jpaNd nrhy;yf; NfS
Neh;ghFk; ,e;jE}y; epfz;nlz;Z}W
jhdepiyg; ngUf;fhd gjpdhY ,yl;rk;
gl;lhd ghpghir apy;yhky; jhd;
ghpthfg; ghb tpl;Nlhk;> ,t;ntz;Z}wpy;”6
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 4)
rpj;j kUj;Jtg; Ngioahfj; jpfOk; ,e;E}ypy; cs;s rpj;j

kUj;Jt Fwpg;Gfs; gw;wp ,e;j Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j

epfz;L mfj;jpahpd; Ie;J fz;zhb Nghd;W cs;sJ vdg; ghly; 10

$WfpwJ.

“ehd; kiwapd; G+l;nly;yhk; ehk; nrhd;Ndhk;”7

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 10> mb 8)
,e;j epfz;L rpj;jh;fSf;fhf ,aw;wg;gl;lJ vd;gij ghly; 786

cWjp $WfpwJ.

253
 “mUtnkd;W> rpj;jh; gjpnzd; Ngh;ff
; hf
mUspNdhk;> ,e;j vz;Z}W Mjpae;jk;
fUtnkd;Dk;> #l;rhjp #l;rkpe;E}y;
RUjp Kbthd nay;yhk;> njhFg;gha;3f;fhz
ngUthd> gUtkpnjhd;W> ehKk; ghbNdhk;
ghpghir gw;W Neuha;> ,Utpy;yh
,Utnkd;Wk; cw;gtpj;Njhk;……..
Ntjhe;j nkz;Z}W> fhz;lnkd;Nw”8
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 788)
gjpndl;L rpj;jh;fSf;fhf ,e;j 800 ghly;fs; cs;s epfz;il

,aw;wpNdhk;. Kd;Ndhh; kiwj;Js;s EZf;fq;fis> fhjhy; Nfl;L

te;jijj; njhFj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sjhf mfj;jpah; $Wfpd;whh;.

rpj;j kUj;Jt E}y;fis Muha;e;J ngah;fis vy;yhk; njhFj;J

xNu nrhy;Yf;F vl;Lg;ngah;fs; cs;sij ,e;epfz;L $WfpwJ.

,f;fUj;ij 608> 610> 611 Mfpa ghly;fspy; fhzyhk;.

“mjPjnkd;w> E}y;fnsy;yhk; Ma;e;jha;e;J

mzpazpaha;> Nghh;fnsy;yhk; kzpaha; nra;J
mjPjnkd;w xh;tifg; Ngh;fnsl;lha;
trdpj;Njhk;> ,e;j vz;Z}W ftpaha; nrhd;Ndhk;
gjPjnkd;w> ghpghirapy;yhky; jhd;”9

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 610)

“kwptplh> ,e;E}iyg; ghh;j;Jj; Njwp

kfj;jhd> E}y;fspl ghirnay;yhk;
mwpe;jplh> mwptjdhy; mlf;fk; nra;J
ahUf;Fz;L> ,Uf;Fnjd;wUsNt> ehk;
FUtpy;yh> tpj;ijnay;yhk;> kdj;jhy; Njhw;Wk;
Njhw;wk; $wpNdhk;> vd;id ntsptplhNj”10

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 611> mbfs; 1-6)

vd;wg; ghly; top mwpayhk;.

254
6.3. kdpj clypy; Njhd;Wk; Neha;fs;

kdpjDf;F 4448 tif Neha;fs; cs;sjhf rpj;j kUj;Jt

E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,itfs; midj;ijAk; %d;W tifahfg; gphpj;J

cs;shh;fs;. rhPukhfpa clypy; caph; jq;fpapUf;ff; fhuzkhfpa thjk;

(fhw;W)> gpj;jk; (c\;zk;)> rpNyj;Jkk; (ePh;)> ,urjhJ> ,uj;jjhJ>

khkprjhJ> NkNjhjhJ> m];jpjhJ> kr;irjhJ> Rf;fpyjhJ> kyk;>

%j;jpuk; vd;Dk; gd;dpnuz;Lk; ehk; cz;Zk; cztpypUe;J

gphpf;fg;gl;L> gyj;ijAk; ,af;fj;ijAk; nfhLf;fpwJ. ehk; cz;Zk;

czNt caph; clypaf;fr; nra;Ak; kUe;jhFk;. mtuth; Njfj;jpw;Fg;

nghUe;jhj kw;Wk; Kiwapy;yhky; cz;gjdhYk; Neha;fs;

cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd.

ek; clypy; fhw;W> ntg;gk;> ePh; ,it %d;Wk; jhk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;ba mstpy; FiwTgl;lhYk;> mjpfkhdhYk; Neha; Njhd;wf;

fhuzkhf mikAk;. ,itfis thj> gpj;j> fg Neha;fshfg;

gphpf;fg;gLk;.

thjk; rhh;e;j thjj;jpy; Kf;fpakhf vz;gJ Neha;fs; cs;sd. euk;G

Neha;fs; typ> euk;G gpbg;G> fhf;fha; typg;G> gf;fthjk;> thA>
,uj;j mOj;jk;> ,Uja Neha; Kjypait ,jpy;
mlq;Fk;.
gpj;jk; rhh;e;j gpj;jj;jpy; Kf;fpa ehw;gJ Neha;fs; cs;sd. nrhpahik>
Neha;fs; tapw;Wtyp> tapw;Wg;Gz;> kQ;rl; fhkhiy>
,uj;jr;Nrhif> ,uj;j the;jp> fy;yPuy; kw;Wk; gpj;jg;ig
Mfpad nfl;Lg; Nghjy; Nghd;w Neha;fs; ,jpy;
mlq;Fk;.
rpNyj;Jkk; rpNyj;Jkj;jpy; njhz;Z}w;whW Neha;fs; Kf;fpakhdit.
rhh;e;j gpzpfs; mtw;wpy; %f;fpy; ePh;tbjy;> %f;filg;G> jbkd;> ,Uky;>
rak;> M];Jkh Nghd;wit ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

255
6.4. gpw E}y;fs; $Wk; rpj;j Kiwg;gb Neha;fisr; Nrhjpf;Fk; tpjpfSk;
tpjKk;
ehb> ghprk;> eh> epwk;> nkhop> tpop> kyk;> %j;jpuk; ,it
kUj;Jth; MAjk;. ,tw;iwf; nfhz;Lk; kzpf;fil rhj;jpuk;> Nehapd;
Kw;Fwp Fzq;fs; ,itfisAk; nfhz;L Neha; vd;d vd;gijf;
ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tif Neha; mwpAk; Kiwik jw;fhyj;jpy;
kpfTk; rpwg;ghf ekJ itj;jpaj;jpy; kl;Lky;yhky; Vida
itj;jpah;fshYk; ifahsg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;gJ ehkwpe;jNj. rpwg;ghf
ehbiag; ghh;j;J Nehia mwptJ rpj;j itj;jpaj;jpy; rpwe;j
KiwahFk;. ,J $hpa mwpTk; ePz;l gof;fKk; cs;sth;fSf;Fj; jhd;
vspjpy; ,aYk;. ,j;jifa njs;spa E}ywpTk;> jpwikAk; ve;j mstpy;
rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sNjh> me;j msT rpwg;ghf itj;jpaKk; mikAk;.
nghJthd ghpNrhjidahf> thjk;> gpj;jk;> fgk; Mfpa %d;WNk
Neha;fspd; Mjhuq;fshFk;. clypy; Neha; mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpwjh
vd;gijg; ghpNrhjpf;f rpj;jh;fs; ghpNrhjid Kiwfisf; $wpAs;sdh;.
fhiyapNyNa rpW ePiu fz;zhb ghj;jpuj;jpy; v Lq;fs;. mjpy; ,uz;L
nrhl;L ey;nyz;izia tpLq;fs;. mjd; gpd;G mJ vg;gb nraw;gLfpwJ
vd;Wf; ftdpAq;fs;. vz;nza;j;Jsp ghk;G Nghy tise;J fhzg;gl;lhy;
cq;fs; clk;gpy; thjk; mjpfhpj;J cs;sJ. Kj;Jg;Nghy epd;why; fgk;
rk;ge;jkhd Neha; te;Js;sJ. vz;nza;j; Jsp Ntfkhfg; gutpdhy;
Neha; tpiutpy; FzkhFk;> nkJthfg; gutpdhy; fhyjhkjkhFk;>
mg;gbNa Neha; FzkhfhJ. vz;nza;j;Jsp rpjwpdhNyh> my;yJ
mkpo;e;Jtpl;lhNyh Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;j ,ayhJ.

6.5. epfz;L $Wk; Neha;fs;

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; rpytifahd Neha;fSk; mtw;wpw;;fhd
topKiwfSk; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

256
 Neha;fs; ghly; vz;
fd;k Neha; 93
mhpg;G> nrhhp> rpuq;F 96
21 tif Nkf Neha; 93>933
rsp 824
cly; nkypa 95
ePz;l MAs; kw;Wk; ,sikf;fhf 827>831
,sk; tOf;if 116
jiytdhf kUe;J 92

Nghd;w Neha;fSf;Fk; cly; hPjpahd gpur;ridfSf;Fk; ,e;epfz;by;

kUe;J $wg;gl;Ls;sJ> ,jpy; fd;k Neha; kpfTk; ftdpf;f gl

Ntz;bajhf cs;sJ.

“va;J nkd;w khdplh;f;Ff; fd;k Neha;te;jhy;

vLj;NjhL caphf;;fpUjk; Fd;wpnail thq;fp”11
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 93> mbfs; 1-2)
,e;jg; ghlypd; %yk; md;iwaf; fhyj;jpy; fd;k Neha;fshd njhO

Neha>; fhrk;> %isf; NfL ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; mjw;F kUe;jhf

caph;ff
; pUjk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vdTk; mwpaKbfpwJ. ,jpy; $wg;gLk;

fd;k Neha; vd;gJ ghf;Bhpah kw;Wk; ituRfspdhy; Vw;gLk; Mgj;jhd

Neha;. ,jw;F $wg;gl;Ls;s kUe;ij etPd Ma;T nra;J mjd;

jFjpiaj; jPh;khdpg;gJ ey;yJ. ,e;j fpUjk; rhg;gpl Neha; ePq;Fk;

vd;gij ghly; 94-,y;

XjNt> rlykjpYjpj;j Nehnay;yhk;

xUnehbf;Fs;Ns> XbtpLk; cz;ik> ,J ghhPh;”12
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 94> mbfs; 1-2)
Nkf Neha; vd;gJ gy;NtW tif Neha;fis Fwpj;jhYk; ,J

Fwpg;ghf ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;gpy; mjhtJ gpwg;GWg;gpy; ghypd cwthy;

257
tUk; Nehiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. epfz;by; 21 tif Nkf Neha; ,Ue;jjhff;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“rlykhd Nkf kpUgj;njhd;Wk;

nrg;gpNdd;thd kz;lyj;jpNyhbg;NghFk;”13

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 934> mbfs; 1-2)

vd;wg; ghlypy; ,Ugj;njhU tifahd NkfNeha; ,Ug;gjhf mfj;jpah;

$Wfpd;whh;.

“etPd kUj;Jtj;jpy; ,e;Neha;fspy; AIDS, STD Nghd;w Neha;fSk;

mlq;Fk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l Neha;fs; jhf;fhj tz;zk; ghJfhf;f 4500
Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ghf fha fw;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L cs;sjhf”14
(www.decanchronicle.com) rpj;j kUj;Jtf; Fwpg;Gfs; $WfpwJ.

6.6. kUe;J nra;Kiw (nea;)

Nkf Neha; vd;gJ jtwhd ngz;Zld; cz;lhd cly; cwthy;

tUfpwJ vd gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng mfj;jpah; ,k;kUe;J

nra;Kiwiag; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shh;.

“fdpahkts; ehjk;> foYkijahf;

fUthd> E}yjdpy; ehjk; thq;fpg;
gzpakhk;> gPq;fhdpy; gpope;jpUgye;jhd;
gykhd> ,urgw;ge;jhd; tuhfndilapl;L
ts;spakhk;> nrt;tpsePh;> ehop ryk; tpl;L
tskhd> Mtpd; ntz;id ,Ugye;jhdpl;L
kdpakhk;> ehw;gjpd; Nky;> Nkff; $Wjhd;
khJujpNy rlyk; nehe;jjhNk”15
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 933)
vd;wg; ghly; mfj;jpahpd; fUj;jpid typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. fd;dpahd

mtSila khjtpyf;F ntspahf> mij vLj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

mjid gPq;fhdpy; ,uz;L gyk; vLj;J> tuhfd; ,urgw;gk;> nrt;tpsePh;>

258
ehopePh;> ntz;nza; ,uz;L gyk; fye;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;. Nkf Nehapd;

ghjpg;G> 40 tajpw;F Nky; ngz;zpd; cliy Nehf itf;Fk; vd;W

tpsf;Ffpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

Nkf Nehiaj; jPh;f;Fk; nea; cliy nkypar; nra;Ak; (weight

loss) vd;gij>

“xnkd;w> rlynky;yhk; fhQ;Riu NghYyh;j;Jk;”16

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 95> mb 6)

vd;wg; ghly; mb tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

6.7. gpw kUe;Jfs;

gjpdhW tifahd NgW ngWtjw;F kUe;J $Wfpwhh; mfj;jpah;.

jhio> ney;yp> fUg;G Jsrp vd;w %d;wpd; rhW vLj;J cz;ikahd

gRk;ghy; ehop msT> xd;Wglf; fye;J 48 ehl;fs; ,UNtis tPjk;

cl;nfhz;lhy; 16 tifahd NgWfSk; fpl;Lk; vd ghly; 819 $WfpwJ.

6.7.1. ePz;lfhy Nehaw;w tho;T tho

gdpePh; (gd;dPh;)> Mtpd; ghy;> ifahd;> nghLjiyr;rhW 4 gyk; 8

gyk; ghypy; fye;J Fd;wp vilasT kjd Nyfpak; Nrh;j;J 48 ehs;

cz;z vkd; tukhl;lhd; vd;gij ghly; 820> 821 $WfpwJ.

6.7.2. rspfl;lhd Nfhio fgk; ePq;f

fw;G+u ty;ypr; rhW 4 gyk;> fWg;G ntw;wpiy 4 gyk>; Ntisr;rhW

4 gyk; ,tw;iwg; gRk;ghypy; fye;J> ,UNtis 48 ehl;fs; Fbj;J>

%r;Rg; gapw;rp nra;jhy; rsp> fgk; ePq;Fk; vdg; gy mhpa kUj;Jtf;

Fwpg;Gfs; epfz;by; cs;sJ.

259
 “ghug;gh> Re;juNk> ,uhrhde;jNahfk;
ghLfpNwhk;> ekJepiyf;f> gzwp ngwj;jhDk;
fhug;gh> fw;G+u ty;ypr;rhW gyk; ehY
fWg;G ntw;wpiyapd; rhwjpy; gyk; ehY
Njug;gh> Ntisr; rhW mjpy; gyk; ehY
njspthd %d;W rhW> Mtpd; ghypy;
Mug;gh> MWgyk; ghyKh;je; jz;zpy;
mr;rhNwtpl;L> ehspW NghJz;Nz”17
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 824)
vd;gJg; Nghd;w mhpa kUj;Jt Fwpg;Gfs; ,e;epfz;by; cs;sJ.

6.8. etfz;l cg;G-itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp

etfz;l cg;G itj;jpaq;fSf;Fr; rpe;jhkzp Nghd;wJ. cyf

kf;fspd; jPtpidfis mfw;Wk;. ,e;j cg;ig kz;ghz;lj;jpy; itj;J

gdpePh; 1 gb Cw;wp njspthf tbfl;b> xU kz;lyk; #hpa xspapy;

itj;jhy; itj;jpa cg;G fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j cg;gpypUe;J itj;jpar;

rpfhkzp vd;Dk; tpy;iy fpilf;Fk;. MjpAg;Gk; cz;lhFk;. ,e;j

etfz;l cg;G ,urthjk; nra;aTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;ij

369 Kjy; 377 tiuapyhd ghly;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.

MWkhj fUitj; J}a;ik nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ehd;F gb rhuhaj;jpy;

Ntyk;gl;ilia Cw itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kb rt;T> Nfhiu> kaph;

Nghd;wtw;iw mfw;wpj; J}a;ik nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjidr; rhuhaf;

FLitapy; gj;jpug;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjpYs;s ,ilntspiar; rPiy

kz;zhy; %l Ntz;Lk;. #hpa Glj;jpy; 15 ehl;fs; itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;G vLj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; ghF Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid 361 Kjy; 363

tiuapyhd ghly;fs; cWjp nra;fpd;wd.

260
 ,e;jf; fUit fy; cuypy; itj;J ,bj;J> ,Uehop gd;dPh; Cw;wp>

,uz;L rhkk; cyf;ifahy; ,bf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J gf;FtkhdTld;

rt;thJ kzk; tPRk;. gpd;G gpope;J NtW FLitapy; ,l;Lj;J}a;ikahd

ePh; tpl;L fiuj;J> XU ehs; #hpag; Glj;jpy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. njspthd

,jid tbfl;b NtW ghj;jpuj;jpy; itj;J %b> VO rpiy kz;zhy;

G+rp G+kpg;Glk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xU kz;lyk; (48 ehl;fs;) MdTld; ,J

gOg;G epwkhd Fok;G Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;. gpd;G gPqf

; hd; FLitapypl;L

itf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd; mbapy; gbAk; Fok;G G+ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,ij

vLj;J rpj;jpiu khj ntapypy; 8 ehl;fs; itj;J gpd; epyT gdpapy; xU

khjk; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G ghidapy; itj;J 1 gb ePh; Nrh;f;f

Ntz;Lk;. gpd; vYk;Gj; ijyk; 1 Nrh; tpl;L> cfhe;j urk; tpl;L> VO

rPiyiar; Rw;wp %b 48 ehl;fs; kz;Glk; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; vLj;Jg;

ghh;j;jhy; etfz;l cg;G fhzg;gLk;. ,r;nra;jpia>

“rhw;wpNa> rkhjp> vYk;gJ tpdhNy ijyNkhh;Nrh;

thq;fpg; ghz;lj;jpl;L
Mw;wpNa> Kd; nrhd;d cfhe;j urkjpypl;L
ijye;jhd; rPiyNaOk; nra;J
Mw;wpNa> kz;lye;jhd;> G+kpf;Fop jd;dpy; thrpNa%b
mt;tpjNkahfpy;
Mw;wpNa> ghz;lkijnaLj;J> kz; thq;fpg;
ghz;lj;Jf;Fs;spUf;Fk;> etfz;l cg;ig thq;Nf”18
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 370)
vd;wg; ghly; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

6.9. rpj;jkUe;J jahhpg;Gfs;

rpj;jkUe;Jfisj; jahhpf;Fk; Kiwfis mfj;jpah; xt;nthU

ghlyhf tpsf;fpr; nry;fpd;whh;.

261
6.9.1. Rz;zk;

Rz;zk; vd;gJ nghb Nghd;W ,Uf;Fk; kUe;Jg; nghUl;fis

nghb nra;J gad;gLj;JjNy -Rz;zk; vd;gij ghly; 978 tpsf;FfpwJ

“fy;yg;gh kd;kjidapOj;J EZf;fp

frlhd Nfhionay;yhk; fl;bdhf;fhy;
nrhy;yg;gh> Re;juk; Nghy mKh;jkhFk;
kd; kjid rpt ngUkhs; vhpj;j NghJ cz;lhd
rhk;gy; Nghy; Rz;zk; ,Uf;Fk;”19
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 980> mbfs; 3-5)
vd;Wf; $Wfpwhh; mfj;jpah;.

6.9.1.1. Rz;zq;fspd; tiffs;

mfj;jpah; VO tifahd Rz;zq;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRfpwhh;.

thpir
ngah; ghly; vz;
vz;
1 rth;f;fhur; Rz;zk; 976> 977
2 itj;jpa %g;Gr; Rz;zk; ghly; 373
3 %g;Gr; Rz;zk;-ghly; ;745
4 ke;jpu Rz;zk; ghly; 174
5 nfhbr; Rz;zk; 162
6 mz;lr; Rz;zk; ghly; 144>147
7 fpopr; Rz;zk; ghly; 753

,r;Rz;zq;fspy; rpwg;ghd rth;ff

; hur; Rz;zk; %yk; nrk;ig Nrh;j;J

cUf;f mJ jq;fkhFk; vd ghly; 980 $WfpwJ. itj;jpa %g;G

Rz;zq;fs; ,urthjk; kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ke;jpu NtiyfSf;F

mbg;gilahd xd;W. ry;ypf; nfhbr; Rz;zj;jpd; gpw ngah;fs;> Flw;

Rz;zk;> ntz;rhkiur; Rz;zk;> eQ;Rf; nfhb Rz;zk;>tQ;rpf; nfhb

Rz;zk;> fhy Nfhl;btpl Rz;zk; (ghly; 172) ntz; jhiur; Rz;zk;>

jpif %yr; Rz;zk;> Ngh; nrhy;yhg; G+lJtpd; Rz;zk;> Fyhky;yp

262
%ypr; Rz;zk;> nts;shiur; Rz;zk; (ghly; 173) Nghd;wit. ,e;j

ry;ypf; nfhbr; Rz;zk; gy ke;jpuj; njhopYf;F gad;gLtjhf

mfj;jpahpd; khe;jphPf fhtpak; $WfpwJ NkYk; <uy; Rz;zk; (gpw ngah;

tPukhd Rz;zk;> jtRehj gr;R> Rf rPthjp Rz;zk;> mtehj Rz;zk;>

tuyhjpr; Rz;zk;> thshjpr; Rz;zk;> Nrhjp khh;r; Rz;zk; (ghly; 183).

,J ,urthjj;jpw;Fr; rpwe;j kUe;jhFk;.

6.9.2. cg;G tiffs;

%ypifr; rhW kUe;J nghUl;fs; fye;J ntapypy; cyh;j;jp

gytpj ghlq;fs; nra;J cg;Gf;fs; jahh; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. epfz;by;

fPof;fhZk; cg;Gf;fspd; ngah;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ghly;
t.vz; cg;gpd; ngah;fs;
vz;
1 fy;Yg;G 38> 78> 80
2 ghiw cg;G 72> 71
3 mz;l cg;G 51
4 %y cg;G 125
5 mz;l nts;is cg;G 123
6 ,e;Jg;G 222
7 tisay; cg;G 223
8 ntbAg;G 224
9 fhpAg;G 225
10 G+uzhjp cg;G 226
11 rj;jpAg;G 227

Nghd;w cg;G tiffs; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

263
6.9.2.1. cg;gpd; NtW ngah;fs;

cg;gpd; NtW ngah;fshf ghly; 331-,y; ghy;ttzk;> tzk;>

gwpytzk;> mTsk;> msk;> Fsk;> Fwpytzk;> Nkdfk;> mq;fytzk;

Nghd;w ngah;fis thpirg;gLj;Jfpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

“ghyhd ytz nkDk;> tdnkd;Wk; NgU

gwpytz cg;ngd;W kjw;Fg;NgU
Myhd> mTd nkd;wjw;Fg; NgU
msnkd;Wk;> Fsnkd;W kjw;Fg;NgU
Nfhyhd> Fwpytz nkd;Wk; NgU
$wpNdh Nkdfnkd;Wk; NgU
fhyhd> mq;fytznkd;Wk; NgU
kfj;jhd> ytznkd;Wk; cg;gpd; NgNu”20
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 331)
vd;wg; ghly; cg;Gf;fspd; NtW ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

6.9.2.2. Mwhk; fha;r;rYg;Gf;F NtW ngah;fs;

Mwhk; fha;r;ry; cg;gpd; NtW ngah;fshf mfj;jpah;>

“cg;ghd> fk;gpAg;G vd;Wk; NgU
ciwe;j> ehjrj;jpnad;Wk; ,jw;Fg;NgU
mg;ghd> rTl;Lg;G vd;Wk; NgU
mUshd faty;ypAg;ngd;Wk; NgU
ifahd> frl;Lg;G vd;Wk; NgU
fUthd> tisaYg;G ,e;Jg;G vd;Wk;
nrg;gh;fs;> xUtUe;jhd; nra cg;ngd;Wk;
nrg;gpNdhk;> Mwhk; fha;r;Yg;gpd; NgNu”21
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 76)

vd;wg; ghlypy; fk;gpAg;G> ehj rj;jp> rTl;L> faty;yp> frl;Lg;G>

tisaYg;G> ,e;Jg;G> nra cg;G vd;W thpirg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. cg;Gf;fs;

264
,urthj E}y;fSf;F FU Nghd;wJ. ,t;Tg;Gf;fisg; gy Neha;fSf;F

vjpuhfg; gad;gLj;jp rpj;j kUj;Jtk; Nritfs; nra;fpwJ.

“jhdhd> nraePiug; gPq;fhdpy; thq;fp

jUthd> eQ;Rf;nfhb Rz;ze;jhdpl;L
Nfhiuahd Kg;Gk; $ltpl;Lf;
Fzkhd utpkjpAk;> $lr; Nrh;j;J
Njdhd toiyAl fUTk; Nrh;j;J
njspthd re;jpDg;Gf; $lr; Nrh;j;J
thdhd> tj;Jntd;w toiy ahFk;
thj Kiwnay;yhk; kpe;j nraePuhNk”22
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 693)

,e;jr; nraePh;> thjk; rk;ke;jgl;l Neha;fSf;F kUe;jhfTk;

gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;j nraePhpy; ,Ue;J [q;fha nkOF jahh; nra;Ak;

Kiw ghly; 694-,y; cs;sJ. [q;fha nkOF trpaik jahhpf;f

gad;gLfpwJ (ghly; 706 - 707). nraePh; gw;wp>

“Ch;j;Jtjd; Nky;epd;w> tfhu fhu rhuk;

Xq;fhu nraePh; mkph;j rQ;rptpjhd;”23
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 368> mbfs; 5-6)

Xq;fhu nraePh; jahhpg;G gw;wpf; $wp> mJ vy;yh Neha; jPh;f;Fk;

mkph;j rQ;rPtp MFk; vdf; $wg; gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j nraePh; jahhpg;gpd;

NghJ mbapy; epd;w Fok;Ng cfhe;jf; fhu nraePh; vd

miof;fg;gLfpwJ (ghly; 367). ,e;j nraePiu gf;Ftk; nra;J>

mjpypUe;J et fz;l cg;G jahh; nra;Ak; Kiw ghly; 368-,y;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j cg;G itj;jpaq;fSf;F rpe;jhkzp (ghly; 369).

,jpy; ,Ue;J itj;jpa cg;G jahh; nra;ag;gl;L> mjpypUe;J

gz;bjh;fSf;F MjpAg;G vd;Dk; nraf;FU jahh; nra;ayhk; vdg; ghly;

265
373 $WfpwJ. ,e;j itj;jpa cg;Gf;F itj;jpa rpfhkzp vd ngah;

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (ghly; 371). NkNy $wg;gl;Ls;s mj;jid nraePh;

rhh;e;j nghUl;fSk; gpzp jPh;ff

; > trpak; nra;a kw;Wk; khe;jphPfk; nra;a

cgNahfg; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

6.9.3. nraePh;

epfz;by; nraePh; itj;J kUj;Jtk; nra;ayhk; vd

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. nraePh; vd;gJ gytpj %ypiffs;> kw;Wk; gpw

Nrh;khdq;fs; Nrh;j;J nfhjpf;f itj;J gpd;G Cw itj;J nehjpf;f

nra;J Nrkpj;J itj;J juf;$ba jput tbt kUe;J MFk;.

,e;epfz;by; mz;lr; nraePUk; mjd; gpw ngah;fshd Kl;ilf;fy

nraePh;> epuhka nraePh;> mkph;j nraePh;> Njd; nraePh;> rhu nraePh;> thjp

nraePh;> jiyNahL nraePh;> nts;isf;fy; nraePh; vd;gd Nghd;w

ngah;fs; ghly; 348y; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mz;l nts;is nraePiu

cw;gj;jp nra;J> mjpypUe;J mz;l nts;is cg;G jahhpf;fFk; Kiw

ghly; 123-,y; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“nra;J fhh; ePuhjid ,wf;fpahw itj;Jr;

rpj;jpukhk;> gPq;fhdpy; ,uz;L thq;fpapl;L
nfha;J> Fok;gijapWj;J> uypgj;J ehs;jhd;
Fok;gJtpy;> rhu nraePuJ jhdpwq;Fk;
NjhOJ ee;jp gjk;Nghw;wp> jpahd G+ir nra;J
J}uhd> rhu nraePh; gjdk; nra;J
igJ gj;J ehY KiwAk; jtwhNjahfpy;
glUkz;l nts;isf; fy;glh;e;J cg;igf; thq;Nf”24
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 123)
Iq;fha nraePh; gw;wp ghly;fs; 702 Kjy; 706 tiu Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,e;jg; ghly;fs; gy mhpa ,d;iwa etPd kUj;Jt Ma;Tf;F chpa

266
fUg;nghUisj; jUfpwJ. ,d;W kpfTk; gpugykhf khwptUk; kUj;Jtk;

jz;L nry; rpfpr;ir (stem cell therapy)MFk;. Foe;ij gpwe;jAld; me;jj;

jhapd; Eq;rpf; nfhbapy; ,Ue;J jz;L nry; gphpf;fg;gl;L jz;L nry;

tq;fpfspy>; me;jf; Foe;ijapd; ngahpy; Nrh;ff

; g;gLfpwJ. gpd; me;j

nry;fspy; ,Ue;J thOk; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; gy Neha;fisj; jPh;f;f

,e;j jz;L nry; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Gw;WNeha; Vw;gl;L cly;

ghjpf;fg;gLk;NghJ (Borne marrow transfer) vYk;G kQ;ir khw;wk;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,e;j mhpa ,d;iwa etPd kUj;Jt Kiw fp.K.7k;

E}w;whz;by; mfj;jpah; Fwpg;gpLtJ tpaf;fj;jf;f tifapy; cs;sJ.

nraePh; Fwpj;j Jizg; ghly;fspy; (ghly;fs; 702-705) vYk;G k[;i[>

jha; Nra; ,izg;G> er;R nfhbapy; ,Ue;J cUthFk; Kiw

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ghly; 340y; toiyg;Gr; nraePUk; mjd; gpw

ngah;fSk;> ghly; 343y; gpz;l cg;G nraePUk; mjd; vl;Lg; ngah;fSk;>

ghly; 344-,y; G+ePWg;Gr; nraePh;> ghly; 346-,y; Ntf cg;Gr; nraePh;>

mz;lr; nraePh; ghly; 347-,y;> rhfh cg;G nraePh;ghly; 345y; mjd; gpw

ngah;fSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mz;lr; nraePiu ,d;Wk; rpj;j

kUj;Jth;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.

6.9.4. ghlhzk;

gy tifahd cg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Rz;zk; jahh; nra;J mij

cyh;j;jp R+hpa xsp kw;Wk; ntg;gj;jpy; Glkplg;gl;L fpilf;fg; ngWtJ

ghlhzk; (ghly; 147) MFk;. ,JTk; Xh; rpwe;j itj;jpa kUe;jhFk;.

ghlhzj;jpw;F vhpkUe;J> rhk;ghq;fp> gph;k;ktpe;J> muf;fp> mw;fp> thjhf;fp>

mkph;j jq;fp> ePLuk; vd gpw ngah;fSk; cz;L.

267
 “rhjpnad;w> vhpkUe;njd;Wk; NgU
rhk;ghq;fp vd;wjw;Fg; NgUz;lhr;R
Mjpnad;w> gph;k;k tpe;njd;Wk; NgU
muf;fpnad;W> mUspNdhk; mw;fp nad;Wk;NgU
thjpnad;w> thjhf;fp nad;Wk; NgU
trdpj;Njhk;> mkph;j jq;fp nad;Wk; NgU
ePjpnad;w> ePLunkd;Wk; NgU
epfhpy;yhg; ghlhzk jw;Fg; NgNu”25
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 229)
Neha; jPh;f;Fk; kUe;jhf> trpa nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpt

ghlhzj;ij fiy nkOfpy; ,Ue;J nra;Ak; Kiwia ghly;fs; 73

kw;Wk; 74 $WfpwJ.

6.9.5. rpt ghlhzk; - nra;Kiw

rpt ghlhzk; vd;Dk; kUe;jpid nra;Ak; Kiwahf>

“fhl;blha;> nkOFjdpy; nts;is ehAUtp

fUthd nre;ehAUtp mj;jpg;ghYk;
vl;blha; ,J %d;W xt;nthd;Wf;Fk;
,Ugye;jhd; ,ay;ghf tpl;Lr; rhb
Ml;blha;> muf;F nkOFk; ghU
mNdfk; Ngh;> ,jw;Fr; nrhy;y ehNtapy;iy
ehl;blha;> mt;tuf;fpy; fw;G+uty;yp
ey;ypapiyf; fs;spr;rhW> gpukjz;lhNk”26
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 73)
vd;wg; ghlypy; nkOFld;> nts;is ehAUtp> rptg;G ehAUtp>

mj;jpg;ghy; ,Ugyk; tpl;L Ml;l Ntz;Lk;. gpd;> rpte;j epwkhd nkOF

fpilf;Fk;. ,j;Jld; fw;G+uty;yp> ,iyf;fs;sp> gpukjz;br; rhW Nrh;ff

;

Ntz;Lk;.

268
 “jz;lhd gyj;jpNy ,Ugyk; thq;fpj;
jUthd> ,Urhwpy; ehYgyk; thq;fp
mz;lhd ,J %d;W kuf; fhypl;L
Ml;Ltha; xU rhkk;> Ml;bdhf;fhy;
ez;lhd fUitf; nfhz;L tz;Nlahr;R
ey;y FU tz;nlhd;W> ehgpnad;Wk;
tz;lhd> tz;nld;Wk; fhnkd;Wk;
trdpj;Njhk;> rptrhu ghlhzkhNk”27
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 74)
vd;wg; ghlypy; gpukjz;L 2 gyk;> Vida rhW 4 gyk;> kuf;fhy; cs;s

Fotpahy; xU rhkk; miuj;jhy; rptghlhzk; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wf;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epfz;bd; ghly;fs; 230 kw;Wk; 336-,y; fThp

ghlhzKk; mjd; gpw ngah;fSk; ghly; 336-,y; guq;fpg; ghlhzKk;

mjd; gpw ngah;fSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;Wk; ,e;j ghlhz

itj;jpa Kiw eilKiwapy; cs;sJ.

6.9.6. Nyfpak;

%ypifr;rhW> %ypifg; gTlh;> nea; kw;Wk; vz;id Nrh;j;J

r+lhf;fp fpswp> ,sfpa epiyapy; Nyfpak; jahh; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jid

rpwpjsT jpdk; czTf;F Kd; my;yJ gpd; vLj;Jtu gy Neha;

FzkhFk;. Neha; vjph;gG

; Mw;wy; tsUk;. ,e;j epfz;by; kjdg;G+

Nyfpak; jahhpg;G gw;wpa Kw;W ngwhj epiyapy; ghly; 795 cs;sJ.

Mdhy; ,e;j Nyfpaj;jpd; gad;fs; ghly; 803 kw;Wk; 816y; cs;sJ.

,ij itj;J G+ir nra;fpd;w NghJ fd;k Neha; jPUk; vdf;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“ngha;apy;iy fd;k Neha; GfYkhNw”28

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 805)

269
 kjdg;G+ Nyfpaj;jpd; rpwg;G ghly; 816> 817-,y; cs;sJ. ,ij

cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJ 16 taJ cila ,sikia milayhk; vdf;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“ghUk;> gj;jpdpkhNj Nfs;> nrhd;Ndhk;

ghbNdhk;> thrpNahfkijj;jhd; NfS
jhU> mjhd Nyfpae;jhd;> jzpAe;jd;
NjW khypd; ghy;griy nrhd;Ndhk;
NgU> Kdp Nahh; kfpo; ngwNt>
NtzpNa> kz;lyq;nfhs;…………..
tPWaur; nrhd;dhy; nrd;why;> nrhy;nyspNjh
taNjh> gjpdhW> tUFnkd;Nw ghh;”29
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 818)
“jz;ikf;fdp> khjuNr Nfs;
jhio> ney;ypf; fUe;Jsrp
jpz;ik> kWf;fhjpJ %d;wpd;
jpUrhWgpope;j> rpuq;if naDk;
cz;ik ahypd; ghy; ehop
xf;fypl;Lf; fye;jpuha;
ed;ikAW> kz;ly Kz;lhy;
ehS nkhd;Wf; fpUNtis
Jd;ik tU fhJz;ik tUk;
Jd;gnkhUehS kZfhJ
md;gndidg; Nghy; ePahtha;
mUs; rhAr;rpa gjtp naDk;
td;ik ngWk;> gjpdhW tho;tha;
kTd G+gjp> ePahtha;……….
gd;ik Nyfpa ,U NghJ> ghpthAz;gPh;”30
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 819)
vd;wg; ghlypy; gj;jpdpj;jd;ikAs;s ngz;Nz> Nfl;ghahf. ed;whfr;

nrhd;Ndd;. thrpNahfk; Fwpj;Jg; ghbNdd;. kjd Nyfpaj;jpd; rpwg;Gfs;

270
Fwpj;J $WfpNwd;. Kdpth;fs; kfpo> 48 ehl;fs; cl;nfhs;sTk;. 16

tajhf khwyhk;. ,ij vLj;Jf; $Wjy; vspjy;y.

Fsph;r;rpAs;s gor;rhW Nghd;w ngz;Nz> Nfl;ghahf> jhio>

ney;yp> fWg;Gj; Jsrp vd;w %d;wpd; rhW vLf;fTk;. cz;ikahd

gRk;ghy; ehop msT> Xd;Wglf; fye;J 48 ehl;fs;> ,UNtis tPjk;

cl;nfhs;sTk;. Jd;gk; tuhJ. 16 tifahd NgWfSk; ngw;W thoyhk;.

6.9.7. nre;J}uk;

nre;J}uk; vd;gJ nghb tbtj;jpy; rpy cNyhfq;fis

%ypifr;rhW nfhz;L khw;wp> mjid Neha;f;fhd kUe;jhf

gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. jPikj; jUk; cNyhfq;fisf; fl;lg; gad;jUk;

nre;J}ukhf khw;w %ypifr; rhW gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j

nre;J}uj;jpy; cNyhf jhJ Nfhd; Jfshf (Nano particles)

khw;wg;gLtjhy; rpwe;j kUe;jhf gad;gLfpwJ.

Kg;Gr; Rz;z tpy;iyapy; ,Ue;J nre;J}uk; jahh; nra;Ak;

Kiwia>
“fhDkpJ> ehjj;jhy; fUthd Kg;G+it
CDapW Nyhf G+gjpjhd; nre;J}uk;
fhZkpJ nre;J}uk;> fLfsT jhndLj;J
khd;kONte;Jk; fukjpy; itj;jpNl”31
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 751> mbfs; 6-9)
vd;wg; ghly; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

nre;J}uj;ij nrk;G jfl;by; itj;J Glkpl;L fpopr; Rz;zk;

ngwyhk;. ,e;jf; fpopr; Rz;zk; ,ur thjj;jpw;F kzpKb NghyhFk; vd

748> 753> 754 vd;wg; ghly;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

271
 “mWgj;J ehY Rz;zk;> nre;J}ukhFk;
tpd;dkJ> thFk; nrhh;d kjpdhNy
Ntijfnsy;yhk; KbAthjp nad;Nd”32
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 756> mbfs; 6-8)
vd;wg; ghly; fpopr;Rz;zj;jpw;F rhd;whf mikfpd;wJ.

6.9.8. gw;gk;

nre;J}uk; Nghd;W cNyhfq;fis %ypifapd; cjtpapdhy; jput

tbtkhf khw;wp> miuj;J gpd; mij nghb tbtpy; khw;wp nre;J}ukhf;fp>

me;j nre;J}uj;jpy; kPz;Lk; %ypiffisr; Nrh;j;J> gir Nghy; khw;wp

gw;gkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,d;Wk; $l jq;f gw;gk;> jhkpugw;gk;>

nts;sp gw;gk; vd gy cNyhf gw;gq;fs; (g];gq;fs;) kUe;jhf nfhba

ituRfis mopf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,JTk; xh; Nfhz;Jfs; (Nano

medicine) kUe;jhFk; vd etPd Ma;Tfs; $WfpwJ.

,e;j gw;gj;jpy; ,urpj gw;gk; gw;wp ghly; 757 kw;Wk; 758 $WfpwJ.

“Mjpahk;> G+Nyhf G+gjpnad;Wk; NgW

mUspNdhk;> rTkpaj;jpy; MLkpFk; #l;rk;
thjpnaDk;> tUNthh;f;F> ,U E}Wk; nrhd;Ndhk;
trdpj;Njhk;> ,urpjgw;gkJ Ntahfpy;?
NrjpapJ> ntFNgnud;dhy; nrhy;yg; NghNkh?
Nrl;Lkk;>NfhioNghk;> %yr;#Lk; Nghk;
G+jpahk;> gw;gjpy;> G+gjpNaapl;Lg; Nghw;wtha;
kz;lye;jhDz;L fiuNa”33
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 757)
,urthjpfSf;F> mfj;jpah; 200 vd;w E}iyf; $wpNdd;. ,urgw;gk;

Kjd;ikahd> cyf murd; vdg;gLk;. ,ijg; gw;wp rTkpa rhfuk vd;w

E}ypy;> EZf;fkhff; $wpAs;Nsd;. ,jd; moif> vd;dhy; vLj;Jiuf;f

272
KbAkh? ,jdhy;> fgk;> rsp> %yr;#L Nghd;wit xU kz;lyk;

cz;Ltu ePq;Fk;.

“fiuahj> fy; Nghyhk;> jpNufkhdhy;

frkhd> Nkfnky;yhq; fod;Nw Nghr;R
jpiuahd> fhkpaj;jpy; ntFrha;> nehe;jhy;
jpNufk;> Nghk;> Fz;lopAk;> rlyk; ghohk;
giwahd> tpe;jope;J> #Nl nfhz;lhy;
ghtj;jhy; NehAz;lhk;> jPahyhr;R
tiuahWk;> flg;gjw;F ,urpjgw;gk;
trdpj;Njhk;> Re;juNk> tWik”34
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 758)
cly; fy;Nghy td;ikAs;sjhFk;. xU kz;lyk; nts;sp

gw;gj;ij cz;gjhy; gpw Nkfk; ePq;Fk;. Nkf Nehapy;> Mz; cWg;G

typAldpUf;Fk.; cly; typik ,of;Fk;. tpe;J ,ay;ghd

jd;ikapypUe;J khWgLk;. NehAs;s ngz;zplj;jpy; ,d;gk; Ja;g;gjhy;>

%yr;#L cz;lhFk;. ,jw;F Kjy; fhuzk;> fytpapy; Vw;gLk; cly;

ntg;gkhFk;. kidtpiaj; jtpu> gpw ngz;fisr; NrUtjhy; Vw;gLk.;;

ghtk; fhuzkhf NehAz;lhFk;. (E}yhrphpah; fhyj;jpy;> NkfNeha; Vw;glf;

fhuzkhd fpUkpfisg; gw;wpa Neha; ,y;iy. vdNt ghtj;ijr;

nra;tjhy; Vw;gLtjhff; $Wfpwhh;). ,e;j Nehia nty;y> nts;sp

gw;gj;ij cz;z> Neha; jPUk;.

rpj;jh;fSf;F vy;yhk; rpj;juhf tho;e;j mfj;jpa Kdpth; rpj;j

itj;jpa Kiwapd; je;ij. ,d;W tof;fj;jpy; cs;s MAh;Ntjk;>

Adhdp> rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> XkpNahgjp> rpytif mNyhgjp kUj;Jtk;

Nghd;wit mfj;jpa Kdpthpd; Qhdf; fUg;nghUspd; mbg;gilapy;jhd;

mike;Js;sJ. Vwj;jho 4448 tifahd Neha;fs; ,Ug;gjhf

muq;fehjd; jd; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L vd;w E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

273
 me;epfz;by; $wg;gl;Ls;s kUj;Jtj;ijg; gw;wp KOikahf mwpa

Ntz;Lnkdpy; mfj;jpah; rTkparhfuk; vd;w E}iyg; ghh;j;J %yg;

nghUis mwpa Ntz;Lk;. mfj;jpahpd; vy;yhg; gilg; GfSk; xd;iw

xd;Wr; rhh;e;J mike;Js;sjhy; xNu xU E}iy itj;J mfj;jpah;

jpUtha; nkhope;j kUj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fis mwpa KbahJ.

,k;kUj;Jtj;ij>

“mwpe;Jghh;> itj;jpa fhtpaj;jpy; nrhd;d

kfj;Jte;jhd;> nkj;jTz;L> cly; Neha;f$
; W
mwpe;Jghh;> gz;bjj;jpd;Jiw nrhd;Ndhk;
trdpj;Njhk;> mjd;Nfhh;it> tskha; ghU
mwpe;Jghh;> mWgj;J fiyQhdk;
mUspNdhk;> kfhrhyk;> mWgj;J ehYk;
mwpe;Jghh;> rTkpaj;jpy; fUitg;ghU
filj;Njwg; gQ;r fhtpaj;ijg; ghNu”35
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 271)
vd;Wk;

“gjdkhjha; itj;J> rptG+iraJ nra;J

gz;GilaNt> Ntjhe;jg; ghpG+uz vz;Z}hpy;
gjdkjha;> itj;Jj;jhprpg;gha;> Gyj;jpaNd
ghpthd> gQ;rfhtpak;> rTkpaKk;
gjdkha; itj;J> vz;Z}W gzpe;JtpLtPuhfpy;
guhgukha;> ve;ehSk; ghtpj;J> tho;tha
gjdkjha;> ehyhtjpe;j fhz;lkijr; nrhd;Ndhk;
ghbNdhk;> td%yp> ghpG+uz Kw;Nw”36
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 516)
vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;.
ehd;fhk; fhz;lkhfpa itj;jpa fhz;lj;jpy; kUj;Jtj;jpw;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; caphpdq;fis> nghUl;fis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. ghly;

388 Kjy; 511 tiuapyhdit gytif %ypiffisg; gw;wpf;

274
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. [e;jhk; fhz;lj;jpy; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;lhdJ midj;J

rpj;j kUj;Jt E}y;fSf;Fk; FUE}y; vd;Wf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

filr;ruf;Ffisj; jtpu gpw kUe;J KiwfisAk; mfj;jpah;

tifg;gLj;jpf; $wpAs;shh;. mitahtd> jhtu caphpd cNyhfq;fs; -

8> cg;Gf;fs; - 25> cgruq;fs; - 120> ghlhzq;fs; - 64> itg;Gr;

ruf;Ffs; - 1008> Kg;G Mfpa mfkUe;Jfs; 32> Gw kUe;Jfs; 32

Nghd;w kUe;Jfisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; mfj;jpah;.

6.10. ,d;iwa tof;fpy; ,y;yhj kUe;J nra;Kiwfs;

epfz;by; kUe;J nra;Kiwfs; tpLglhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf mfj;jpah;

,k;kUe;J nra;Kiwfisf; $wp ,Ue;jhYk; mk;kUe;J nra;Kiwfs;

,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; tof;fj;jpy; ,y;yhjitfshf cs;sd.

,k;Kiwfspy; Rz;zk;> nraePh;> cg;G vd;w tiffs; mjpfk;

$wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ahTk; vspjpy; nra;a Kbahj mhpa

KiwfshFk;. ,tw;Ws; nraePh; vd;gJ kUe;jy;y. kUe;Jfisr; nra;ag;

gad;gLk; cNyhfq;fs;> ,urk; Nghd;witfis cUf;fp> cUkhw;wk;

nra;aj; Njitahd mbg;gilahd jputg; nghUs; MFk;.

thpir
kUe;J Kiwfs; ghly;
vz;.
1. mz;l nraePh; 347
2. mz;lr; Rz;zk; 144
3. Mwhk; fha;r;ry; cg;G 76
4. <uy; Rz;zk; (8-Mk; jpq;fs; 176> 183
gpz;lgw;gk;)
5. cfhe;j fhu nraePh; 369
6. cNyhfj; jpuhtfk; 336
7. Iq;fha nraePh; 692
8. fpopr; Rz;zk; 745

275
 9. fiy nkOF 69
10. nea; (fpUjk;) 933
11. Fspif 200
12. nfhbr; Rz;zk; 202
13. nfhb %y ry;ypik 161
14. nfhr jpuhtfk; 337
15. gpz;lr; Rz;zk; 204> 212
16. gpz;l cg;G nraePh; 343
17. rq;fj; jpuhtfk; 335
18. rh;t jpuhtfk; 339
19. rth;f;fhur; Rz;zk; 203
20. toiy cg;G 342
21. toiy ehj cg;G 746
22. G+uzhjp cg;G 747
23. G+ePW nraePh;> kjd Nyfpak; 344
24. %jz;lr; nre;J}uk; 802

Nghd;w kUe;J nra;Kiwfs; ,d;iwa tof;fpy; ,y;iy vd;gJ

r.muq;fuhrd; fUj;jhFk;.

6.11. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L Xh; kUe;Jg; ngl;lfk;

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;bid Xh; nrhy;yfuhjpahf mfj;jpah;

gilj;jpUe;jhYk; mjpy; rpj;j itj;jpa Kiwfs; kw;Wk; mjw;F

Njitahd nghUl;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

,f;Fwpg;ghdJ xUNtis mfj;jpah; jdJ gpw E}y;fspy;

Fwpg;gplg;glhjijf; $w ,e;epfz;ilg; gad;gLj;jp cs;shuh? my;yJ

,k;kUj;Jt Kiwfis ,e;epfz;L kPz;Lk; tYg;gLj;Jfpd;wjh? vd;W

vz;zj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,jidf; fPo;f;fz;l ghly; cWjp nra;fpd;wJ.

276
 “,e;E}ypy;yhtpl;lhy; xd;Wkhfh>
<rd; cj;jhug;gb ,ak;gpNdhk; ehk;
fe;J ghpghirnay;yhk; ,jpNy nrhy;Nthk;
fhtpaj;jpd; Nfhh;it E}y; Gul;ilr; nrhy;Nthk;
ge;J> gjpndz;Ngh;fSil kiwg;igr; nrhy;Nthk;
ghbaNjhh; E}y;fSilj; jpwg;igr; nrhy;Nthk;
ve;jE}y;> Gul;nly;yhk; ,jpNy fhZk;
vd;duiz> ,e;E}iyf; iftplhNj”37
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 14)
vd;wg; ghlypy; gjpndz; rpj;jh;fs; kiwj;J itj;jpUe;j E}y;fspd;
nghUs;fis $wptpl;ljhff; $Wfpd;whh;.

6.12. kUj;Jtf; filr;ruf;Ffs;

rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpw;F %ypiffs;> tpyq;fpdq;fs; jtpu rpy

filr;ruf;FfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gij ghly; 532-,y;>

“ygpj;jtuha; filr;ruf;fpd; NgNu nrhy;Nthk;”38

(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 534)
vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; filfs; ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk; mq;F

gy Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l kUe;Jtj;jd;ik cila

nghUl;fs; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;ld vd;gJk; ,jd; top mwpayhfpd;wJ.

mfj;jpahpd; fhyj;jpNyNa tzpfk; ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gJk; ,jd; %yk;

mwpayhfpd;wJ. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;bd; ghly; 533 Kjy; 1074 tiuAs;s

ghly;fspy; ,jidf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,g;ghly;fspy; xU nghUSf;F

cs;s vl;L tifahdg; ngah;fisf; $wpAs;sjhy; rpj;jh;fs;

gad;gLj;jpag; ngah;fis vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;s ,e;epfz;L

cjTfpd;wJ> NkYk;> mfj;jpah; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;bidg; gw;wpf;

$Wk;nghOJ> vy;yhtpjkhd rpj;j kUj;Jt E}y;fisnay;yhk; EZfp

ngah;fs; cs;sd vd;gij $wpAs;sjhf>

277
 “kwptplh> ,e;E}iyg; ghh;j;Jj; Njwp
kfj;jhd> E}y;fspl ghir vy;yhk;
mwpe;jplh> mwptjdhy; mlf;fk; nra;J”39
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 611> mbfs; 1-3)
vd;w ghlypy; typAWj;Jfpd;whh;. filr;ruf;Fg; gFjpapy; mjhtJ

[e;jhk; fhz;lj;jpy; gytif jhtug; nghUl;fs; Fwpg;ghf> tPlL

;

cgNahfj;jpw;F gad;gLj;Jk; fLF> kpsF> kQ;rs;> jpg;gpyp> trk;G>

ngUq;fhak;> thy;kpsF> rhjpf;fha;> Vyk;> ,ytq;fk;> ntq;fhak;>

nts;isg; G+z;L> Gsp> nfhj;jky;yp> fpuhk;G> ghrpg;gapW> gl;lhzp>

Jtiu> nfhs;S> cSe;J> Gifapiy> Ke;jphp> fliy> nkhr;ir>

NghPr;rk;gok;> Njq;fha;> frfrh> fs;>rhuhak; vdg; gytifg; nghUl;fs;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

6.13. epWj;jy; msT Kiw

rpj;j kUe;Jfspd; nra;Kiwfs; midj;JNk epWj;jy; msT

Kiwapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F epWj;jy; msT Kiwapd; mstPLfs;

epuy;gl njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

t.
msTg; ngah; msT
vz;.
1. xU tPir 1400 fpuhk;
2. jphpfb gpukhzk; 10.65 fpuhk;
3. 1 gyk; 35 fpuhk;
4. 1 Njhyh 10 fpuhk;
5. xU tuhfd; vil 3.55 fpuhk;
6. 2 ¼ tuhfd; vil 8 fpuhk;
7. 9 Fd;wpkzp 1 fpuhk;
8. 32 Fd;wpkzp 3.55 fpuhk;
9. 72 Fd;wpkzp 8 fpuhk;
10. xU foQ;rp 4.5 fpuhk;

278
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282