5/4/2020

Mechanical Power
Zagazig University
Engineering Department

Lecturer at the Mechanical Power Engineering

Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University

Mechanical Power Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering – Zagazig University

Dr. Mohamed Elsayed Moustafa Saad

How to write a scientific research paper

Different types of articles

Research Article )‫(مقال بحثى‬

Research Project )‫(مشروع بحثى‬

Review Article )‫(بحث مرجعى‬

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How to write a scientific research paper

Title
Keywords
Abstract

Research Introduction
Article Materials and methods
Results and discussions
Conclusions
References

How to write a scientific research paper

Title
 A title should be the fewest possible words that accurately
describe the content of the paper.

 You must select a title that grabs attention, and makes

people want to read further

 If the study is of a particular model or chemical, name it in

the title.

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How to write a scientific research paper

An effective title should:
1. Convey the main topics of the study
2. Highlight the importance of the research
3. Be concise
4. Attract readers

How to write a scientific research paper

Keywords

 Keywords are one of the parameters used for searching an

article in a database or a search engine.

 The purpose of keywords in a research article is to help

other researchers find your paper when they are conducting
a search on the topic

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How to write a scientific research paper

How to choose the best keywords for your research paper?

1. Start thinking about the terms you use to search for

papers related to your topic

2. Avoid using terms already present in your title

3. If your research revolves around a key method or technique,

make sure the term for it is located either in your title or your
keywords

How to write a scientific research paper

How to Choose the Best Keywords for Your Research Paper?

4. Think of generally used alternate terms to ones found

in your title as “SEM” for example

5. Test your keywords before submitting your paper

6. The most important experimental techniques used in

your article are worth considering as keywords, for
example, X-ray analysis.

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How to write a scientific research paper

Abstract
The Abstract is:
 A summary of the content of the article
 A time-saving shortcut for busy researchers
 A guide to the most important parts of your article’s written
content

How to write a scientific research paper

Abstract
 Many readers will only read the abstract of your manuscript.

Therefore, it has to be able to stand alone.

 In most cases the abstract is the only part of your article that
appears in indexing databases and so will be the most accessed part
of your article; making a good impression will encourage
researchers to read your full paper.

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How to write a scientific research paper

Abstract
 Abstract needs to contain enough information about the paper to
allow referees to make a judgement as to whether they have enough
expertise to review the paper and be engaging enough for them to
want to review it.

How to write a scientific research paper

Your Abstract should answer these questions about your article:
1. What was done?

2. Why did you do it?

3. What did you find?

4. Why are these findings useful and important?

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How to write a scientific research paper

Introduction
Purpose of the Introduction:
 Leads the reader from a general research issue to your
specific area of research (i.e. objectives).

 Explains the significance of the research being conducted by

summarizing current understanding (research to date) and
background information about the topic.

How to write a scientific research paper

Think of the introduction as a road map that answers these
four questions:
1. What am I studying?
2. Why is this topic important to investigate?
3. What do we already know about this topic or what have other
experts discovered about the topic?
4. How will my research advance new knowledge or new ways of
understanding?

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How to write a scientific research paper

Components of the Research Paper Introduction

Component (1): Establish the problem or issue you want to research:

 Highlight the importance of the problem

 Make general statements about the problem
 Present an overview on current research on the problem

How to write a scientific research paper

Component (1): Establish the problem or issue you want to research:

Highlight the importance of the problem

Make general statements about the problem

Present an overview on current research on the problem

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How to write a scientific research paper

Component (2): Provide an overview of existing thinking about
and/or research into your research problem.

How to write a scientific research paper

Component (3): Identify a gap, problems or unresolved issues in the
existing research that your research can fill or identify

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How to write a scientific research paper

 Component (4): State
the intent of your
study, outline the key
characteristics of your
study and describe
important results that
you have found or
hope to find

(i.e. objectives).

How to write a scientific research paper

Materials and methods

This section describes:

 the materials used and their characteristics
 the methods used for performing the experiments

This section gives readers enough information so that they can

repeat the experiments

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How to write a scientific research paper

Some general rules for Methods sections are:
 It should be clear from the Methods section how all of the data in
the Results section were obtained

 The study system should be clearly described

 The conditions of the performed experiments should be specified

 The methods used to analyze the data must be statistically sound.

How to write a scientific research paper

Some general rules for Methods sections are:

 If the authors used a technique from a published study, they

should include a citation and a summary of the procedure in
the text

 The Methods section should not have information that belongs

in another section (such as the Introduction or Results)

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How to write a scientific research paper

Some general rules for Methods sections are:

 All materials and instruments should be identified, including the

supplier’s name and location

How to write a scientific research paper

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How to write a scientific research paper

Results and discussions

In this results section you present your findings:
 display items (figures and tables)
 present the data with important trends extracted and described
 Because the results comprise the new knowledge that you are
contributing to the world, it is important that your findings be
clearly and simply stated

How to write a scientific research paper

 The results should be short

 However, don't be too concise. Readers cannot be expected to

extract important trends from the data unaided

 Combine the use of text, tables and figures to condense data

and highlight trends

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How to write a scientific research paper

How to write a scientific research paper

Conclusions
 Remind your readers your key points
 Re-read the whole body of your paper focusing on the most
important arguments and facts
 Don’t repeat your ideas in the exact same way as in the body
 You don’t need to support each statement. Just provide a brief
overview of key points, and make sure that you don’t add any new
details in the conclusion

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How to write a scientific research paper

References
Due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel, Due to the rapid depletion of fossil
biomass material is considered to be the fuel, biomass material is considered to
main source of renewable energy [1,2]. be the main source of renewable energy
(Ceylan et al., 2014; Shen et al., 2019).
[1] Ceylan S, Topcu Y, Ceylan Z. Thermal behaviour and kinetics of alga Polysiphonia elongata biomass during
pyrolysis. Bioresour Technol 2014;171:193–8.
[2] Shen Y, Li X, Yao Z, Cui X, Wang C-H. CO2 gasification of woody biomass: Experimental study from a lab-
scale reactor to a small-scale autothermal gasifier. Energy 2019;170:497–506.
Ceylan, S., Topcu, Y., Ceylan, Z., 2014. Thermal behaviour and kinetics of alga Polysiphonia elongata biomass
during pyrolysis. Bioresour. Technol. 171, 193–198.
Shen, Y., Li, X., Yao, Z., Cui, X., Wang, C.-H., 2019. CO2 gasification of woody biomass: Experimental study from
a lab-scale reactor to a small-scale autothermal gasifier. Energy 170, 497–506.

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How to write a scientific research paper

References

Endnote

How to write a scientific research paper

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

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How to write a scientific research paper

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

How to write a scientific research paper

https://www.sci-hub.tw/

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How to write a scientific research paper

https://www.sci-hub.tw/

How to write a scientific research paper

https://www.sci-hub.tw/

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