Gender & Sexuality | Labor Movement

AEQUALITAS
 AEQUALITAS
NoUN. LATiN.
from AEQUāLiS "EQUAL, EvEN, LEvEL"
EQUALiTy, SimiLAriTy, UNiformiTy
EvENNESS, LEvELNESS

GENDER & LABOR

SEXUALITY MOVEMENT

Gender Equality Gender Gap

[J.A. Rubio] Employment
[J.L. Ignacio]
Sekswal na
Diskriminasyon at Karapatan ng
Panliigalig mga Healthcare
[N.F. Bonifacio]
Workers
[F. E. Santos]
Gendered-
Pronouns OFW: An Exploit
[P.B. Salao] [M. Ayap]

Gender Roles Contractualization

[J.E. Marcos] [R. Dalangin]

Gender Workers Right

Sensetivity [S.N. Atienza]
Training
[P. Manansala]
Photo by Jason Leung on Unsplash

Photo by Mike Von on Unsplash
ANo NGA BA ANG
GENDEr EQUALITy?
Napakalawak at
napakakumplikado na usapin
ang Gender Equality ngunit
sa madaling salita ito ay ang
pagkakapantay-pantay ng
pagtingin ng mga tao sa
bawat isa ano man ang
kanilang kasarian.
Pagbibigay ng respeto sa
kakayahan ng isa’t isa upang
mapakita ang kanilang galing
at kakayahan ng di
bumabatay sa kasarian nito.
mEroN NGA BANG GENDEr
EQUALITy SA PILIPINAS?
Kung ang pag-
uusapan ay ang
pagkakapantay-pantay ng
mga kasarian ay maraming
maaaring maging opinyon
ang mga Pilipino tungkol sa
usapin na yan. Ito ay batay
sa kung ano ang kanilang
pananaw dahil may kani-
kaniyang punto ang bawat
isa, ngunit isa lang ang
sigurado, na kahit anong
gawin mo ay may masasabi
at masasabi tungkol sayo
ang mga tao kahit ikaw pa
ay lalaki, babae o kasapi ng
LGBTQ+.
Sa aking opinyon ay
dapat respetuhin na lang
ang opinion ng bawat isa sa
usaping ito dahil may mga
bagay naman talagang mas
kayang gawin ang lalaki
kaysa sa mga babae at
ganun din naman ang mga
babae may mga bagay
silang mas magaling sila.
Dahil kung gusto natin ng
totoong “Equality” ilan sa
mga dapat baguhin sa
kasalukuyan ay:
 Magkaroon din ng
organisasyon tulad ng
Gabriela na
nagtatanggol sa mga
karapatan ng mga
kalalakihan.
 Balewalain ang mga
salitang “Gentleman”
at “Ladies First”.
 Pagiging pantay na
pagtingin na ang lahat
ng trabaho ay kaya ng
kahit ano pa mang
kasarian.
 Pagiging normal ng
“Cross Dress“ sa
pananamit ng mga
kasapi sa LGBTQ+.
Ito ay ilan lamang sa
napakadaming mga dapat
baguhin upang
maramdaman natin ang
pagkakapantay-pantay ng
bawat isa. Pero ang
pinakamahalaga talaga ay
ang respeto sa karapatan
ng isa’t-isa kahit ano pa
man ang kasarian na
mayroon sila.
 Photo by Content Pixie on Unsplash

SEKSWAL NA
DISKrImINASyoN
AT PANLILIGALIG
“Ano nga ang sekswal na diskrimasyon?”
“Ano ang sekswal na panliligalig?”

Ang sekswal na diskrimasyon ay ang

masamang pagtrato sa isang tao o pagkagusto
sa kanila dahil sila ay babae, lalaki, intersex,
transgender o batay sa kanilang kasarian.
Halimbawa ng sekswal na diskrimasyon ay ang Mga asal ng sekswal na
sexist na pagtawag ng iyong pangalan, hindi panliligalig:
pagtanggap sa serbisyo dahil sa iyong kasarian,  Mga hindi kanais-nais na
pagbabanta sa iyo at pagpapaalis sa trabaho. paghipo sa iyong katawan
Halimbawa na dito ay ang mga babaeng buntis  Mga masasakit na salita o
at nagpapasuso, ang pagdidiskrimina sa isang biro ukol sa mga kababaihan
babae dahil siya ay buntis o may isang sanggol o kalalakihan
ay labag sa batas. Ang mga ina ay may  Pagpapahiwatig ng
karapatang magpasuso ng kanilang sanggol sa pagkagustong sekswal
pampublikong lugar. Ang pag hiling na magtakip  Pagsabi ng di kanais-nais
tungkol sa katawan ng isang
habang nagpapasuso o lumipat sa ibang lugar ay
tao o di kaya’y pagtingin na Ang nakakaranas
isang uri ng pagdidiskrmina. may pagnanasa ng sekswal na panliligalig
 Pagpapakalat ng mga ay maaaring magsampa
Ngunit ang aking opinyon ay kung alam sekswal na larawan
mong ang ibang tao ay mapang husga at ng reklamo. Sa lahat ng
masyadong mababaw ang pag iisip mas mabuti opisina ay dapat may
Ito ay maaaring
ng pumunta sa pribadong lugar. mangyari kapag naliligalig ka Committee on Decorum
sa isang tao dahil lamang sa and Investigation (CODI)
Ang sekswal na panliligalig ay isang klase ng iyong kasarian. Kadalasan ang na binubuo upang
sekswal na diskrimasyon. Kung may isang tao na sekswal na panliligalig ay tumulong labanan o
patuloy na nagsasabi o may bagay na ginagawang nangyayari sa mga sugpuin ang sekswal at
nakakapanakit o insulto sayo ito ay isang halimbawa kababaihan, ngunit maaari din iba pang klase ng
ng sekswal na panliligalig. Kung ito man ay sa itong mangyari sa mga “harassment” sa lugar.
pamamagitan ng pagkilos o salita na ukol sa sex o sa kalalakian o sa mga may
kasarian mo. parehong kasarian.
Photo by jens schwan on Unsplash

GENDEr- What is pronoun?

SPECIfIC / A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun
or noun phrase in a sentence. It refers to either a

GENDEr- previously described noun or a noun that does

not need to be called directly.

NEUTrAL What is gender-neutral pronoun?

It is a pronoun that does not associate the
person being addressed with a gender. This is
particularly significant for individuals who do not
agree with their birth gender. Commonly used
by transgender and non-binary.

ShE / hEr / hErS

hE / him / hiS
-
ThEy / ThEm / ThEirS
zE / hir / hirS
xE / xEm / xyrS
vE / vEr / viS

EVEN CISGENDER
& STRAIGHT
PEOPLE CAN USE
THESE PRONOUNS
 PREVENT MISGENDERING
MICHAEL JACKSON
ALWAYS ASK, DON’T ASSUME
You should not assume a person’s pronouns
just by their appearance.
It is invalidating and disrespectful to refer
them with the incorrect pronoun.
Q: “Hi, Pat! What pronouns do you use?”
A: “Thank you for asking! I go by they/them.

PRACTICE USING PRONOUNS

(WHAT WE SHOULD NORMALIZE)
It is a way to learn about pronouns and how to
use them. Sometimes mistakes can happen,
and apology is greatly appreciated.
Practice:
Place your preferred pronouns on your bio,
profile and even e-mail signature. LGBTQ+
Allies should do it too.

RESPECT HE/HE
If a person took the courage to tell you what their
preferred pronouns are, all you have to do is use
it and respect it.
 That is the definition between men and
women before unlike today that “gender equality”
was raised in our time which shows that men and
women have equal opportunities.
The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
will be used to frame this debate. Edward Said’s
(2003) Orientalism will highlight the colonial
Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

legacies that are still present in post-colonial

Gender roles in Gender role, also known as sex role, it is
society means how said to be that we have our own
we are expected to responsibilities in our society based on how
act, to speak, dress, we behave and our identity. But gender
groom and behave roles have its own various characteristics or
or conduct ourselves it has differences between each nations and
based on our cultures in the world because they have
assigned sex. One of different perspective and concept in
its examples is men western and eastern culture. For example,
and women were the concept of having “gender equality” in
expected to dress our culture and society, men have a big role
accordingly based in our society which said to be that men are
on their sex because dominated in different field which has a job
it is said or dictated that is just for men unlike women, they are
by our society. expected to be inside the house doing
household chores and what so ever.
thinking and the complexities of achieving universal
equality through this theoretical framework. Egypt,
the Palestinian population, monarchical states such
as Saudi Arabia, the theocracy of Iran and the
secular yet Jewish state of Israel will be considered
with their specificities that aid their patriarchal
construction of gender roles. Patriarchy in Arab
tribalism, religion, politics, economics and
culture/society will also contribute to this critic on
the relevance of ‘Western’ notions and ideals of
gender equality (Western feminism) for women’s
roles in the ME. Examination of equality between
citizens in Middle Eastern societies as against the
notion of universal equality will also be examined,
aiming to argue how universality can be in conflict
with cultural relativity.
Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made
on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose
of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment
or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital
status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of
human rights and fundamental freedoms on the
political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other
field’ (CEDAW 1979).
 One thing is, about the women’s human
right which states that women also have
the right to choose, to decide and to work
on their desires.

“Gender
To sum it up, the above statements
say well about the topic. The authors have
their informative information which gives
an accurate data and conclusion about
their chosen topic.
Sentivity
Training,
isinigawa ng
DOST, MSMES”
Sa layuning maitaguyod ang kakayahan at
karapatan ng mga kababaihan at kalalakihan,
isang “Gender Sensitivity Training” ang isinulong
para sa mga kawani ng Kagawaran ng Agham at
Teknolohiya o DOST at Micro Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) dito sa rehiyon uno
kamakailan lamang.

Imogen Parker (2013). Western Ideals of Gender Equality: Contemporary Ayon kay Ms. Maria Fe. B. Singson, Senior Science
Middle Eastern Women. Retrieved from https://www.e- Research Specialist at DOST-wide Gender and
ir.info/2013/01/25/are-western-ideals-associated-with-gender-equality- Development (GAD) Coordinator, nais nitong
relevant-to-an-understanding-women-in-contemporary-middle- maituro ang mga gampanin at pagkakaiba ng
eastern-societies/ bawa’t isa sa komunidad.
Van de Vijver, F.J.R. (2007). Cultural and Gender Differences in Gender-
Role Beliefs, Sharing Household Task and Child-Care Responsibilities, and Ito din ay isang paraan para mabigyang pansin
Well-Being Among Immigrants and Majority Members in The ang hindi pagkakapantay-pantay ng mga kasarian
Netherlands. Sex Roles 57, 813–824. Retrieved from o “gender biases” ngayong kasalukuyan, aniya.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9316-z
Sa temang “Strengthening Women’s
Role in 21st Century,” binigyang diin ni
Dr. Paulina P. Nebrida, Assistant
Regional Director for Technical
Operation at Head ng Technical
Working Group ng GAD Focal Point
System, ang naturang pagsasanay ay
isinagawa upang ipaabot sa mga ito
ang pagpapahalaga sa konsepto ng
GAD lalo na sa mga kababaihang
kasama ng mga MSMEs
pagpapaunlad ng kanilang mga
negosyo.
Upang lalong maintindihan ang
konsepto ng GAD, ibinahagi ni Ms.
Singson, ang Gender Bender Game na
naglalayong magpasiya kung anu-ano
ang kadalasang ginagawa ng mga
babae at lalaki, at gayundin, ang
kanilang parehong ginagampanan.
Ang lahat ng mga lumahok sa
pagsasanay ay hinati sa apat na grupo
sa pamamagitan ng kanilang nabunot
na pangalang may kinalaman sa GAD.
Ito ay ang Gender Discrimination,
Violence Against Women, Gender
Equality at Gender Empowerment.
Punto de Vista
Ni: Josua Leonard Ignacio
Sa isang lipunan ay di maiiwasan na
maiiwasan na mag karon ng descriminidad.
Halimbawa nalang nito ay sa trabaho
Kkadalasan dito ay na tumataas ang mga
ranko ng mga lalaki kaysa sa mga babae
dahil nasa inhiresyon na ng paniniwalaa na
mas magaleng at ma-gagawa ng maayos ng
sa mga lalake ang mga takdang gawain kaysa
sa mga babae.
Isa pang kadahilanan bakit mas na pipili ang
mga lalaki kaysa sa mga babae kasi may
mga kaso na ang mga babae na kadalasan
hindi nila matiis ang buwanang dalaw nila,
kaya na pipilitan sila hindi pumasok sa
trabaho,
Karamihan den sa mga babae ay npag nag
asawa na sila ay aalis na sila sa
kanilangtrabaho dahil mapipilitan silang
alagaan ang kanilang anak at ang bahay.
Sa panahon ngayon nabawasan na ng
kakaonti ang pag kaka diskriminasyon sa ng
mga babae sa trabaho pero madami paden
sa mga companya ang nag dedescriminidad
K
LIKhA NI: JohN ArvENE Sf. rUBIo
Ano ang pakahulugan sa
konseptong babae’t lalaki?
Ni: Julianne Elise L. Marcos
Gayunpaman,
Sa kalalakihan ay madalas na sila ay
Anong madalas maramdaman pag naririnig ang mga
bahagyang hindi pa hubog ang pag-iisip kahit
katagang “lalaki ka” o di kaya nama’y “babae ka”?
nasa hustong gulang na
Madalas nasasagi sa isipan na pag sinabing lalaki o kaya ay
At siguro nga ay dahil naman iyon sa wala
babae,
silang gaanong iniingatan sa kanilang
Tila sila’y mayroong malayong paghahalintulad.
pangangatawan.
Ano nga ba ang ibig sabihin nito?
Ngunit sa kabila ng lahat, gaya ng larawang ito,
Kung ating sasariwanin, hindi naman talaga ito
Mayroong isang konseptong nagkakapareho
nagkakalayo.
ang lalaki at babae at tila sila ay iisa lamang.
Maaaring mayroon silang gampanin sa lipunang punong-
puno ng pang huhusga at katanungan.
Ito ay ang usaping “karapatan”
Karapatan upang mamuhay ng malaya at
Babae at Lalaki, magkaiba ng kasarian,
naaangkop sa kanilang kagustuhan.
Magkaiba ng hubog ng katawan,
Karapatan upang magpahayag ng kanilang
Ngunit pareho ng gampanin bilang “lalaki at babae”
sariling tinig.
Kung ating uusisain ng maigi ang pagkakaiba nilang dalawa,
At karapatan upang magmahal ng taong
Sa pisikal man na anyo o mentalidad ay madali lang natin
kanilang gusto at gugustuhin.
masasambitla na magkaiba nga sila ng hubog at itsura ng
Dahil kung karapatan lamang ang pag
pangangatawan,
uusapan,
Sa mentalidad nama’y madalas malalim mag-isip ay ang
Hindi na kailangang sila ay pagkumparahin.
kababaihan.
Dahil sa husgado ng langit, sila rin ay
Siguro ay dahil sa sila ang mas nauuna makaranas ng
tinitingnan bilang iisang laman.
pagbabago sa hubog ng katawan nila at ang pagkakaroon
ng buwanang dalaw,
In whole world it is tougher to find work for women
rather than men. because society thinks that women
are supposed to stay at home and take care things at
house.
Gender Gap
In 1930 to 1970 many women started to contribute more
in society
For quite some time, it has been argued that the division
Employment
of labour between the genders in family and society Similarly, social,
begets relations of dominance and subordination institutional, and economic
between men and women. Already towards the end of structures conducive to
the nineteenth century, Engels in 1972 female employment vary
Before they tried to apply the practices they did an within countries. Urban
experiment like how female employment has an impact environments are
on women’s living conditions in local contexts. How far particularly supportive to
can women do in work. They have been cases that once the employment of
women get married they are going to quit work and take women, just as female
good care of their family. employment opportunities
are especially favourable
in localities with a strong
service economy.
Moreover, it is important
to keep in mind that the
municipalities are argued that it was not
generally responsible for possible for women to
the welfare policies that achieve equality with men
supposedly impact female as long as they did not
labour market take part in production,
opportunities referred instead as they
( Kröger 1997) were to domestic labour.
In the last 30–40 years,
this argument has been
advanced by feminist
scholars claiming that
women’s emancipation is
Photo by Priscilla Du Preez on Unsplash preconditioned by a ‘right
to be commodified’
(Orloff 1993: 318)
 OFW: Anong ba nga ba ang labour
exploitation? Ang labour exploitation ay
ang hindi magandang pagtrato sa isang

An Exploit trabahador, kagaya na lamang ng hindi

pagbigay ng tamang sahod, pamimilit at
pananakot atbp. Marami sa ating
kababayan ang patuloy na
Photo by Cristian Newman on Unsplash nakikipagsapalaran sa ibang bansa
upang mapaganda nila ang buhayng
kanilang pamilya. Ngunit sila nga ba ay
nabibigyan ng maayos na karapatan sa
kanilang bansang pinagtatrabahuhan?
Batay sa ulat noong 2011 pitongpung
porsyento sa mga babaeng
nagtatrabaho sa Saudi Arabia at iba
pang bansa ang nakakaranas ng pang
aabuso at panggagahasa. Karamihan pa
sa mga ito ay hindi nabibigyan ng sapat
na sahod, maging ang overtime ay hindi
nababayaran.

Marami sa Pilipino ang gusting

magtrabaho sa ibang bansa sa
kadahilanan na gusto nilang makaahon Ang ating gobyerno ay nakikipag-
sa kahirapan. Ayon sa datosna inilabas ugnayan at humihingi ng
ng Philippine Statistics Authority, base sa kasunduan sa ibang bansa upang
pagsisiyat noong 2019 lumalabas na masiguro ang kaligtasan ng mga
nasa 2.2 milyon na ang mga Filipinong
pilipinong nagtatrabaho para sa
nagtatrabaho sa ibang bansa.
kanila. Maging ang organisasyon
Limangpu’t anim na porsyento ang
kababaihan at apat na pu’t apat naman ng mga manggagawang Filipino o
ang kalalakihan. Lingid sa ating kilala sa tawag na KAKAMMPI ay
kaalaman na marami sa filipinong ito tumutulong upang
ang mas piniling na nagtatrabaho sa maprotektahan at para hindi
ibang bansa ay nakakaranas ng labour maabuso ang karapatan ng ating
exploitation. mga kababayan.
 ENDO ANo NGA BA ANG ENDo o
CoNTrACTUALIzATIoN?
NI: ROWELL DALANGIN
CONTRACTUA Ang Endo o Contractualization ay
LIZATION SA isang kasanayan ng
kumpanya na mag-hire ng mga
mga

PILIPINAS manggagawa/trabahador
maiksing panahon. Umaabot
lamang ng kulang anim na buwan
sa

ang kanilang trabaho bago sila

Ayon sa Philippine Statistic sibakin.
Authority, noong February 2021,
isinaad na 4.2 million na Filipino
ang walang trabaho dahil sa
pandemya. Isang patunay na ang
Pilipinas ay isang hindi maunlad
na bansa. Walang kakayahan ang
gobyernong magbigay ng trabaho
para sa mga Filipino dahil sa
kakulangan ng industriya at sa
patuloy na pag abuso ng mga
kumpanya sa tinatawag na Endo
o Contractualization.

Photo by Om Prakash Sethia on Unsplash

 Pros and cons
CONTRACTUALIZATIOn
Workers
Maganda ito kung ikaw ang may Ito naman ay hindi maganda o
Right, right?
ari ng isang kumpanya at ikaw pangit pagdating sa mga
ay tumatanggap ng trabahador trabahador sapagkat sila ay
na magtatrabaho sayo ng hindi magkakaroon ng
panandaliang panahon lamang o permanenteng trabaho, sila ay
temporary employment, dahil patuloy na maghahanap ng
tataas ang iyong kita dito. Kaunti lilipatang trabaho, patuloy silang
o murang halaga lamang ang makakatanggap ng mababang
iyong ibabayad sa gawa sweldo, at hindi rin sila
sapagkat ang iyong mga makakakuha ng iba't ibang uring
trabahador ay hindi pa naman benepisyo.
regular. Mababawasan din ang
mga benepisyo na maaring
matanggap ng iyong empleyado
tulad ng 13th month pay, PAG-
IBIG atbp.

IPAGLABAN
ANG
KARAPATANG
MANGGAGAWA
Iba't ibang uri ng Labor Union ang patuloy na
pinaglalaban ang terminasyon ng Endo o
Contractualization, sapagkat gusto nilang ipaglaban
ang pagkakaroon ng regular na trabaho, at ipaglaban
ang kanilang natatanging trabaho na kanilang
pangunahing pinagkukunan ng kanilang kakainin at
pangangailangan para mabuhay.
ImAGE By: ShELLA NiChoLE DL. ATiENzA
 Working Conditions1 to address this concern:
As Jorge V. Sibal (2004) 1. Equal Work Opportunities for All
defined, Under the Equal Work Opportunities for All, males and females are
entitled to fair pay for equal work, as well as equal opportunities for
“ThE PhiLiPPiNE LABor advancement and training. Discrimination against women in the
movEmENT iS A SoCiAL workplace is illegal. It is also illegal for an employer to make it a condition
of employment for a woman employee not to marry, or to explicitly or
movEmENT of WorKErS implicitly state that a woman employee will be fired if she marries.
AND fArmErS LED By
2. Security of Tenure
miDDLE CLASS Under Security of Tenure, every employee's job security must be
iLLUSTrADoS AND guaranteed. No employee may be fired unless there is a valid or
permitted reason, and only after due process has been followed. There
SoCiALiST are three categories to consider in terminating an employee from a job;
iNTELLECTUALS.” Just Cause refers to any wrongdoing committed by an employee,
Authorized Cause refers to an economic circumstance not due to the
The majority of employee's fault and lastly, Due Process in cases of just cause.
Filipino workers rights
were practically ignored 3. Work Days and Work Hours
by the authorities back 4. Weekly Rest Day
then and even in the Under Working Hours and Rest days, a typical workday consists of 8
present. However, with hours of work. This includes breaks or rest periods of less than one hour,
the initiative of middle but not meal periods, which must be at least one hour in length. A
class intellectuals, their covered employee is entitled to night shift pay in addition to his or her
normal pay if all or part of his or her regular work hours fall between
cries have finally
10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. He or she is entitled to extra pay if he or she
started to be heard. The works more than 8 hours in a single day. For the rest day after six days of
calls of the Filipino mass work, the employer should arrange a 24-hour day off in consultation with
from over a century ago the employees.
can still be heard, up
until the present.
As of December 2019, a
total of 17,694 enterprise-based Robert Owen, a social reformer in the early 1800s, invented the
unions are registered slogan "Eight hours of labor, Eight hours of recreation, Eight hours
nationwide with more than 1.5 of rest." The eight-hour working period was a social movement
million reported membership during the blast of British Industrial Revolution, wherein, working
according to the Department of hours could last from 10 to 16 hours while the workweek was
Labor and Employment (DOLE) typically six days a week. It aimed to limit the duration of a working
(2020). One of their agenda day and protect workers from boredom and inhumane working
from the beginning is to conditions.
promote workers rights.
 Working Conditions1 to address this concern:
5. Wage and Wage-Related Benefits
6. Payment of Wages
Under Payment and Wages, Wage may be set
for a specific time span, such as whether it's
calculated hourly, regular, or monthly. It may
also be set for a specific task or outcome. The
minimum wage for a typical 8-hour workday
shall not be less than the minimum daily wage
applicable to the place of work as defined by
the Regional Tripartite Wage and Productivity
Board having jurisdiction over the workplace if
the wage is for a fixed duration.If the worker is
paying by result, he or she must be paid at
least the minimum wage for 8 hours of work. If
work is performed for more or less than 8 hours
a day, the sum may be increased or decreased
proportionately.
Except for health premiums paid with the
employee's permission, union fees, and
withholding taxes, SSS premiums and other
deductions expressly authorized by law, an
employer is prohibited from deducting any
amount from an employee's pay.
Working Conditions1 to address this concern:
7. Employment of Women
8. Employment of Children
Under employment of women and children,
employed women have limited working hours
when working at nightime; in industrial
undertakings from 10PM to 6AM, in
commercial/non-industrial undertakings from
12MN to 6AM, in agricultural undertakings, at
night time unless given not less than 9
consecutive hours of rest. For children, The
legal working age is 15 years old. A worker
under the age of 15 should be under the direct
supervision of his or her parents or guardians;
work should not interfere with the child's
education or normal growth. An individual
under the age of 18 cannot be working in a
dangerous or harmful job.
 Working Conditions1 to address this concern:
9. Safe Working Conditions
Under Safe Working Condition, Employers are required to provide
employees with all types of on-the-job protection against injury,
illness, and death by providing safe and healthy working
conditions. Hazardous jobs are those which expose the employee
to dangerous environment elements, including contaminants,
radiation, fire, poisonous substances, biological agents and
explosives, or dangerous processes or equipment including
construction, mining, quarrying, blasting, stevedoring, mechanized
farming and operating heavy equipment. For more details, see
Occupational Safety and Health Standards.

10. Right to Self-Organization and Collective Bargaining

Under this, the right to self-organization is the right of any worker
to establish or join any legal worker's organization, association, or
union of his or her choosing, free of interference from the employer
or the government. All workers, with the exception of those
identified as administrative or confidential, have the right to
organize or join unions for the purpose of collective bargaining and
other lawful organized acts.
These are some of the considerable
11. EC Benefits for Work-Related Contingencies
responses to the labor groups list of concerns.
Under Employees' Compensation Program, the Workers' Following the attacks on labor leaders, calls for
a more strategic COVID-19 response, and a
Compensation Program is a tax-free compensation program for
employees and their dependents that was established by petition for adequate assistance, are the latest
activities aimed to bring attention to labor rights
Presidential Decree No. 626 in March 1975. Among the benefits are:
issues.
Medical benefits for sickness/injuries, Disability benefits,
Rehabilitation benefits, Death and funeral benefits and Pension
As optimistically interpreted, the spirit of
benefits
benevolence from 1902 still lives up today.
Clearly, their cries have gone unheard for the
past 100 years, or it may be due to changing
needs as the seasons change. Whatever the
case might have been, the outcome would have
been different if the other side had really
listened.
Sibal, Jorge V., A Century of the Philippine
Labor Movement, Illawarra Unity - Journal of
the Illawarra Branch of the Australian Society
for the Study of Labour History, 4(1), 2004, 29-
41. Retrieved April 30, 2021 from
https://ro.uow.edu.au/unity/vol4/iss1/2

Department of Labor and Employment

(2020). 2019 Labor Organization Statistics.
Retrieved April 30, 2021 from
https://blr.dole.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2020/08/2019-Labor-Org.-
Statistics-Landscape-final.pdf

1
Bureau of Working Conditions. The Workers
Basic Rights. Retrieved April 30, 2021 from
https://bwc.dole.gov.ph/the-workers-basic-
rights
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