18 Set thor andthe sal ser for example, as boing "tert. On the other hand, there may well be “aspecfic situation where we might wish (o consider these two periclar ‘pen seatences as, some sense, “egulalent”- Forexample et and 4B be as in Exampl 4.1 and consider the elation between A and 8 Been by (4B, x(v41)c6). The reaer will have oo dificult in Seeing tha the graph of this relation i precisely the graph of the Feltion (4 8, +4) dseused ig Example. 1: sohereisa station in which ne would Ake consider the een open sentences as “equive> Jeni": We obviate these dificalies by deine the notion of equivalence for relations x follow, Definition. Lat (EF, Ss») and (4, Ts») be anon rations ‘Then we say tat these elton re equates ()E=A: (2) P=: G)thsir graphs sre eau 1 Fe sal now introduce Important subsets of E and F. To facizate our presentation, ve shall ‘make wse ofthe symbol 3 (called the existemal quantifier) which we shall tate as an abbvesaten fee “there exis", Thus, for example Grex 2 Siareed"thecitanators}oumberstuchthat +25" ‘We define the domain of Ato bee sus of E given by Dom Retr © F: Gr CF) sRe} and the Image (or range of 0 be the subset of F Im Ra iy Foe F) ky ‘Tee ses ate depicted pctraly as fOlOWs: exe Relations: fuciona relaiows: mappings 19 We role that iF Ry and Ry are wehtions between Fand F auch that Ry atd R, are equivalent according tothe above dritzon thee the fact. that their grapls are equal implies that Dom Ai—Dom Re and Im Ri=Im Re. The converse of this S not tue in general in other ‘words, if Rs and Rae relations between Ean F uch that Dos i= ‘Dom Re and Im Ry tim Rethen Ry and Re are nce suivalnt in gamer Fr exemple, the rlations Ra ReR byte), Rew(RER, (=I, Nand ye (1,1) are such that Dom Ry=Dom Rom 0); x |—1.11) and tim Im Re=(@,y); 7 [~ ly I bat they are no. equivalent since the graph oF Rs the unit dive whereas that oF Re i the nguare region [~ ly] = rin “Thete are many importan types of relation. We shall devote the rest oF ths section 19 stubying one oF these and shall met thers in subs sequent setons Definition. Let Band F bests. A relation K between Eand F i sid to be fanetionl if for every v= Dom, the sen u'e FE xR} a singleton ‘The graph corresponding to 2 functional relation is therefore of the following typical form. ae posi eS aan Le Example 44. “The elation described in Exomple 4 1st Fuseiona https://archive .org/details/settheoryabstraceeeablyt/page/18/mode/2up