1.

Start

Input a number n

R = 200

Is n>100 N

Y
Is
Y n<
R = 200 + {(n-100) * 0.60} =1
50
N
Is
Y n<
R = 200 + (50*0.60) + {(n-150) * 0.50} =2
00
N

R = 200 + (50*0.60) + (50*0.50) + {(n-200) * 0.40}

Dis
play
R

Stop

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Take input for number of phone calls from the user, say n
3. Let R be the bill value and take R = 200
4. If n > 100, then go to step 6.
5. Else if n < 100, go to step 9.
6. If n <= 150 then R = 200 + {(n-100)*0.60}. Go to step 9.
7. Else if n <= 200 then R = 200 + (50*0.60) + {(n-150)*0.50}. Go to step 9.
8. Else, when n>200 then R = 200 + (50*0.60) + (50*0.50) + {(n-200)*0.40}. Go to step 9.
9. Display R.
10. Stop

2.

Start

Input a number say n

Is n>0 N

i=1
S=0

Is i <=n N

S=S+i
i=i+1

Display S

Stop
 Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Input a number from user, say n where n is any integer
3. If n > 0 then go to step 5.
4. Else if n < 0, go to step 8.
5. Let i be a counter and S be the sum, i = 1 and S = 0
6. If i <= n then S = S + i and i = i + 1. Repeat step 6.
7. Display S.
8. Stop

3.

Start

Input three numbers say a, b, c

If a>b and a>c Y

If b>a and b>c Y

Display a “is largest”

N
Display b “is largest”

Display c “is largest”

Stop
4. The block diagram of mobile system organization is as follows:

Display subsystem
Touch interface
RF Transceiver Camera Unit

Keyboard Display screen

SIM

Radio signal Management

APU (Application
Communication
processing unit) Storage
processor (digital
GPU (Graphic
signal processor)
Processing Unit) External
Storage(s)
Battery Battery
pack Management

Charger CODEC RAM ROM

ADC DAC
Memory

Mic Speaker
The working of mobile system organization is explained as follows:

Mobile Processor (Mobile CPU)

It is basically the brain of a smartphone. The CPU receives commands, makes instant calculations, plays
audio/video, stores information and sends signals throughout the device and does every imaginable task of a
mobile system.

The CPU of a mobile system has majorly two sub processor types:

(i) Communications Processing Unit            (ii) Applications Processing Unit (APU)

(i) Communication Processing Unit  [Mobile System I/O Unit] This subsystem is responsible for making and
receiving phone calls on a mobile handset, or for SMS and such communication. It has a digital signal
processor that helps it work with RF Transceiver and the Audio subsystem.

Radio Signal Management Unit is responsible for connecting SIM(which provide a type of modem) to the
base stations through radio signals.(3G/4G/LTE based cellular networks, soon to expand to 5G).

(ii) Application Processing Unit (APU) This is responsible for governing, controlling all types of operations
taking place on a mobile system by running various types of mobile applications (apps), inbuilt as well as
separately installed.

Display Subsystem:

This subsystem is responsible for providing display facilities, touch sensitive interface and touch sensitive
keyboards, or touch based game controllers.

Camera Subsystem:

This sub unit is designed to deliver a tightly bound image processing package and enable an improved overall
picture and video experience. It has an integrated Image Signal Processor ensures things like instant capture,
high-resolution support, image stabilization, and other image enhancements. Many phones of today use a
multi camera system for different levels of focus, leading to brighter and clearer images.
Mobile System Memory:

Like its other counterparts, a mobile system also needs memory to work. A mobile system's memory is
comprised of following two types of memories:

(i) RAM (Random Access Memory): It is the work memory of your mobile system. The installed mobile apps,
when run, are first loaded in the RAM and then executed. These apps remain in the RAM after you are no
longer using them and then they are shifted to background.

(ii) ROM (Read Only Memory): The ROM (Read Only Memory) is a part of mobile system's internal storage
and it is not accessible for users to write on and is thus referred to as Read Only Memory. The ROM is
basically Flash memory or technically EEPROM (electrically erasable and programmable read only memory).

Storage 

The external storage of a mobile system is also called expandable storage. It comes in the form of SD cards,
or micro SD cards etc. It is the storage which can be removed easily by the user and can be used for storing
pictures, music, videos and the likes. To an extent, even the cloud storage can also be categorized as external
storage. It included all the storage space not directly built into the phone,

Power Management Subsystem (battery)

This subsystem is responsible for providing power to a mobile system. The mobile system work on limited
power provided through an attached battery unit. This subsystem has a battery management system that
works with a battery charger and a battery unit, and provides power to the mobile system in required form.
It has expanded to faster recharging models such as the Type-C charger for Androids.

5. Cache Memory is a special very high-speed memory. It is used to speed up and synchronizing with high-
speed CPU. Cache memory is costlier than main memory or disk memory but economical than CPU
registers.

This memory is an extremely fast memory that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU. It holds
frequently requested data and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when
needed.

Cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access data from the Main memory. This is a smaller
and faster memory which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations. There
are various different independent caches in a CPU, which store instructions and data.
Data flow between CPU, cache memory and RAM is depicted in the following diagram.

FOLDER (Present in hard drive)

1 2 3 4

Image 2 will be moved beforehand

RAM

CACHE MEMORY

PROCESSOR
6.
Start

Input marks say a, b, c of three subjects

Avg = (a+b+c)/3

Y
If Avg >= 90 and Avg <= 100 Display “Grade A”

Y
If Avg >= 80 and Avg <= 89 Display “Grade B”

Y
If Avg >= 70 and Avg <= 79 Display “Grade C”

Y
If Avg >= 60 and Avg <= 69 Display “Grade D”

Display “Grade F”

Stop
 Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Input marks say a, b, c of three subjects from user
3. Take average Avg = (a+b+c)/3
4. If Avg >= 90 and Avg <= 100 then display “Grade A”. Go to step 9.
5. Else if Avg >= 80 and Avg <= 89 then display “Grade B”. Go to step 9.
6. Else if Avg >= 70 and Avg <= 79 then display “Grade C”. Go to step 9.
7. Else if Avg >= 60 and Avg <=69 then display “GradeD”. Go to step 9.
8. Else, display “Grade F”
9. Stop

7. a) The block diagram of basic computer architecture is as follows:

Microprocessor unit

Control Unit

Input Device Arithmetic/Logic Unit

Output Device

Memory Unit

b) The various types of ROM are:

i) PROM (programmable ROM): PROM is a user-programmable memory in which information is burnt using
special equipment called a ROM burner.

ii) EPROM (erasable programmable ROM): In EPROM, one can program the memory chip (through various
mechanisms like UV radiation) and erase it as many times as needed.

iii) EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM): In EEPROM, the EPROM is erased electrically which is
much faster.
iv) Flash EEPROM: It is like EEPROM but is very fast comparatively (the erasure of the entire contents takes
less than a second).

v) Mask ROM: It refers to a kind of ROM in which the contents are programmed by the IC manufacturer. It is
not a user-programmable ROM.

8. The CPU is the main control centre and processing unit of a computer. It is also called the brain of a
computer as it guides, directs, controls and governs the performance of a computer.

Its subunits are:

i) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

ii) Control Unit (CU)

iii) Registers

9. The difference is as follows:

RAM ROM
It refers to Random Access Memory where both It refers to Read Only Memory where only read
Read and write operations can take place operations take place
It is a volatile memory It is a non-volatile memory

10. The different categories of software are:

i) System Software: Eg. Operating System, Language Processor etc.

ii) Application Software: Eg. Packages, Utilities, Developer Tools etc.

11. An operating system is a type of software which acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.

Its functions are:

i) managing the computer's resources such as the CPU, memory and disk drives

ii) establishing a user interface, and

iii) executing and providing services for applications software.

12. 1) Disk Defragmentor splits up / fragments a very large file and stores it in several pieces in the computer.
2) The backup software facilitates the backing up of the disk which means duplicating the disk information so
that in case of any disk damage, the data is not lost.

13. The difference is as follows:

Interpreter
It converts an HLL program into machine
language
Line by line and simultaneously executes the
converted line
If an error occurs in a line, the line is displayed
and interpreter does not proceed unless the
error is rectified
Compiler
It converts an HLL program into machine
language in one go
If there are any errors in the program, it gives
the error list along with the line numbers

14. Algorithm:

1. Start

2. Input a number from the user say n

3. Take Sq = n*n

4. Display Sq

5. Stop

15.1) Flowchart:

Start

Input three numbers say P, R, T

SI = (P*R*T)/100

Display SI

Stop
 Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Input Principal Amount say P, rate of interest (in percent) say R and time period say T
3. Take simple interest SI = (P*R*T)/100
4. Display SI
5. Stop

2) Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Input a number from the user, say n
3. Take remainder R = n % 2
4. If R = 0 then display n “is even”. Go to step 6.
5. Display n “is odd”
6. Stop

3) Algorithm:
 1. Start
2. Input a number from the user, say n
3. Take i as a number which is either less than or equal to n and set i = 1
4. If i <= n then R = i * i * i. Go to step 6.
5. Else if i >n, go to step 8.
6. Display R. Go to step 7.
7. Take i = i + 1. Go to step 4.
8. Stop

Flowchart:

16. Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Input the number of units of water consumed by the customer, say U
3. If U <= 100 then take bill value B = U * 5. Go to step 6.
4. Else if U <= 250 then B = (100 * 5) + {(U – 100) * 10}. Go to step 6.
5. Else, B = (100 * 5) + (150 * 10) + {(U – 250) * 20}. Go to step 6.
6. Display B
7. Stop