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    8 views4 pages

    Why LRFD

    Uploaded by

    Eric Nolasco

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4
    Paper No.99-093 173 Why the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications? M. Myint Lwin ous Pinciples, and lngictl approsches co eesure eensUcEly” jafty, serviseablcy, inpecubiliy, economy. and sexhenct, LRFD erporaces the Best of working svess wesiga and load factor design lla © practicing brige engineer. [eis a comprehensive, well. organs, and practical ipecitcaton, with cemnenary to provide ¢xplanacon and background nformaion_ New origes cerignd second 538 10 LRED fave che inherent advange ofa mere uniform level ‘aiey reulog low ifecycie cot LRFD alla ibe use of tances tmetiods indesign a analysis I provides exilry for maintaining fedand secesstil engineering prac or cusicniing oad and reise ‘ance fatort meet the demands ofa project. Thee ae ay good rea 4s ane motivauons fo use LRFD. College clases, saining coutsee, evga examples, workshops, snd computer sofware ar sow walle mess ie plementation of AASHTO LAPD, ‘At the 1983 Annual Mesting ofthe AASHTO Bridge Subcoramitiee, members devisively voted 41 to $ to adopt the new AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRED) Bridge Design i aad Commentary. The votc took place afer expending over $2 mil lon ane afte 7 years of oncenzatedeffora by mare tan 70 exper in brige engineering and thousands of hours of review and tral Gesigns from states, induray, consultants szédemia and special agencies In 1994, AASHTO published the frst edition of LRED in boch customary (U.S.) and St units), 1s developing the new LRFD spevificaces, ihe philosophy, the ‘pplicability, and tke benefits were subjeced 1 the most extensive ‘review procscures in the history of the Bridge sabcommimee. and ‘were felted by numerous tial éesign performed by ste agencies, industry, atademia, private organizations, snd lesign inetuded roncrewe slab bridges, conceie beam and preseessed siner tidged, ate beam and girder ridges, a truss bridge, a scg+ ‘menial conezeis bridge. wood bridges, cilvers. and reaining wal ‘The tral designs contributed significanly o ensuring that the new specications were basicaly sound. comprehensive. easy to use, anid comparable athe AASHTO standard specications Since tha firstedition of LRFD was pushin 1994, many states, usa as Flonda, Michigan, Penztylvania, Tennessee. and Westin ton. have been diligently developing plans and taking steps tp fully implewnent LRFD, The Washington State Bepanment of Transport tien (WSDOT) has been aggressively making a ransiton 19 imple. ‘en the new speciicanon. WSDOT has provided bridge designers ‘with taining, ceveloped computer programs, and performed design of concrete and ste Bridges using LRFD. WSDOT staned applying i f prestressed concrete girder eget Because FAVA Westem Resource Center, 201 Mission Sifeet. Suite 2109 ‘San Franciseo, CA $4105 y bedgcs in Washington Ste are constructed. ‘of prestressed concrest. The frst LRFD bridge was designed and con- structed by using high performance concrete. The bridge was opened to traffic in fall 1997, WSDOT has now completed presmested con rete, posmensioned concrete, steel-piate girder, and steel box-pinder bridges using the new LRFD specification, ‘Training courses textbooks, design examples, and computer pio iFrumt are now available help with performing bridge designs wing LRFD. LRFD can be implemenied with confidence. If Washingioa State can do i uher sites can do it to. WHY LRFD? ‘In 1986, sue bridge engincers from California, Colorada, Florida, Michigan, and Washington submited s letter to the Bridge Subcom, mittet expressing their concern that the AASHTO Standard Speci. cations for Highway Bridges were falling behind the times and thn 28p4 and inconsistencies cxised in the (3th edition. Ia response 19 these concems, an NCHRP stusty was ittiaced to exploce the fees. lity of developing a probabllty-based limit staes specification. In ‘May 1987, the sucy concluded with recommendations 12 develop probability-based limi states spectficaticn with cornmmeatary tnd to fill gaps and correc: inconsistencies. The Bridge Subcommines accepted the recommendations and inititted a second NCHRP proj. ct in July 1988 10 develop a modern and camprehensive brdge specification with commentary. In March 1993, the final rate (2) was completed and submited to the Bridge Subcomminee for approval, Later that year, members of the subcommiee voted deeisively o adopt LRFD su the corrent and comprehensive bniige code for AASHTO, In June 1954, the rst ei tion of AASHTO LRFD was published in customary (U.S) and §1 tunics. Since then. evisions to LRFD have been made and issued through interim spectfications As with any major codes. updates will bbe necessary as users raise (sues and idenify problem areas for m- provement in ancicipauon of changes during the early years of LRED, ‘AASHTO and FHWA funded NCHRP 12-42 to provide ruaine- nance and enhancements '@ LRFD to ensure that changes were made in atimely manner LRED is based onnew developments in bridge engineering, sound Principles, and logical approach in ensuring consmuctability,vafecy, serviceability, insperabliy, seoaceny, and eesthetcs. The LRFD phi. losophy is consistent with ater major bridge designcodes adopted or being developed in Asia. Canada, Europe, and ocher pars ef the world, snd in other areas of sroctral engineering, LRED incorparstes ibe best of working suess design (WSD) and lond factor design (LFD) and addresses extreme events, such a ‘earthquakes floods and ship collisions, 0 ensure trouble-free, short. lang pert of beilgr and asoenaes AS such, he probability-tased LRFD is based on principies and design methods familiar vo bridge engineer, It is « comprebensive, well-organises 4 Paper Na. 90955 land practical specification. with commenaary io provide background information and explanation. ‘The use of AASHTO LRFD has many advantages. The major changes and benetis are discussed in ine following seetion. THE LRFD EQUATION “The base equation in LRFD is given as follows: Dave

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