1.

The simple definition of water hardness is the amount of dissolved calcium and
magnesium in the water. Hard water is high in dissolved minerals, both calcium and
magnesium. You may have felt the effects of hard water, literally, the last time you
washed your hands. 
2. determining the hardness of water an indicator dye is used which gives either a pink
color to the solution when Mg2+ and Ca2+ are still present, or a blue color when all of
the metal ions have reacted with the EDTA4-
3. Eriochrome Black T is commonly used as indicator for the above titration.
4.

5. The hydrated sodium salt of EDTA, Na2H2Y·2H2O, cannot be used as a primary

standard for titrations due to uncertainties in the water content.
6. Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of
calcium, magnesium, and other heavy metals and the bicarbonates of iron.
And permanent hardness is due to presence of dissolved chlorides and
sulphates of calcium, magnesium, iron and other heavy metals. Temporary
hardness can be largely removed by boiling when bicarbonates are
decomposed yielding insoluble carbonates on hydroids.
7. The process of removing calcium and magnesium salts from water, especially
to prevent the deposition of scale; compare "soft"; frequently attributive.