a ATC Fifth Generation | = Programs written in machine language Fac ee run ata very high speed. t WM = Programming in machine ee ees ER Seta A; difficult. and the programs are em" tic: Riedl) Gore HLLs) prone. ‘a Third Generation _ High-Level Language (HLL) oi a _ seen Second Generation (Machine Language) automatically. a ecerees | invented in 1801, used 1 (assembly lanetaees holes in punched cards 1 Vices input to generate i : ' decorative patterns ; First Generation : 1 Low-Level Languages (LLLs) Re ee Second-generation languages (2GLs) were developed in the late 1950s and were known as assembly languages. Features = The syntax of assembly languages is closer to English. i Example of IBM PC assenbly language Accepts a number in register AX; subtracts 32 if it is in the range 97-122; } otherwise leaves it unchanged. = Programs use symbols called mnemonics in place of 0 SUB32_ PROC } Procedure begins here and | | CMP AX,97 —; compare AX to 97 JL DONE 3 if less, jump to DONE = th 7 | CMP AX,122 ; compare AX to 122 ey can perform operations | pA hoes 3 if greater, jon = 0 5 . } subtract 32 from suchas ADD, SUM, CMP. DONE: RET ; return to main program | suBs2 ENDP i Procedure ends here | assembly language cf]tsn Bytes «9 ga wat ; : fe first high-level programming = Konrad Zuse created th language for computers. = Lady Ada Lovelace is programmer. She wrote the first com! ’ ' ‘ known as. the. first computer 4 no! puter program. 1 1 ; 1 Lady Ada Lovelace! --- 5 Programs in high-level | Programs in assembly janguage language 133 cea eI Soe lite iota Se Compilers and Assemblers | interpreters Machine language eneration Languages al Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) were developed during 1970 to 1990. They were designed to reduce programming effort, the time taken to develop software and the cost of software development. Lo CTL relies Most software written by programmers use a high-level language. However, computers _ only understand machine code. _ Features $$ =§ = They are very user-friendly, = They are portable. which : ' a F means th i Ye ey can easily be used on diffe Even people with little programming skills can write the codes, Sn