ny ] [ols]. 3 Section A : 7 ‘Answer questions in this section. This question is about the elements in Group 2 and their compounds. Use the Periodic Table to deduce the full electron configuration of calcium. {1 mark} : DS 2s RB aioe wipes = Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, to show the reaction of calcium with an excess of water. [1 mark] gs yo > 62 «p+ Jonny of, > State the role of water in the reaction with calcium. O r0dbing —_aypnls aN Write an equation to show the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy of calcium is measured. [1 mark] [1 mark] _biy> Cat (pie State and explain the trend in the first ionisation energies of the elements in Group 2 from magnesium to barium. P [3 marks] Trend O Cetoreo Explanation __ee_vews.4 [0 ]2] . [4] Asample of sulfur consisting of three isotopes has a relative atomic mass of 32.16 Table 1 gives the relative abundance of two of these isotopes. Table 1 Mass number of isotope 32 33 Relative abundance /% 91.0 18 Use this information to determine the relative abundance and hence the mass number of the third isotope. Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures. [4 marks] foo +4] -L8> WH? @ 2H) (48) (ax9-2) ID 10 Wz Balk -(2 41) 65 1.8) 2044 UU 6/4 2 + 3344 Mass number =_ 23:47 02] - [2] Describe how ions are formed in a time of fight (TOF) mass spectrometer. [2 marks] fn elegbor (fet fiel_ obo eps aye vtele 5 lie on elyboJ] A TOF mass spectrometer can be used to determine the relative molecular mass of molecular substances. Explain why itis necessary to fonise molecules when measuring their mass in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks] Onbsy ies _Se pent Lett by te Hobuts tu) oot Hasdle —be pul Ly He — thai eld, ‘Turn over for the next question. [1] Write an equation, including state symbols, forthe reaction with enthalpy change equal | to the standard enthalpy of formation for CF 4(g). | (1 mark] 4 Ss | le ZF fy 2 CEyc8 | . [2] Explain why CF, has a bond angle of 109.5". [2 marks] ee | By, be bed page ob utah ele Spee guts Ye rls Table 2 gives some values of standard enthalpies of formation (aH). Table 2 Substance F2(g) | CFs(g) | HF(9) AyHP kd mol” 0 680 | -269 ‘The enthalpy change for the following reaction is ~2889 kJ mol” C,H(9) + 7F(g) —> 2CF4(g) + 6HF(Q) Use this value and the standard enthalpies of formation in Table 2 to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of C2He(9)- ee, (ax oe D+ (ox 260) -¥ =~ 2888 | [3 marks} ei 2 UT My - 1 360~ -BS 1S mel Standard enthalpy of formation of C-He(a) = ku mot)CH.(g) + 4F(g) —> CFé(g) + 4HF(g) AH=—1904 kJ mot * ‘Some mean bond enthalpies are given in Table 3. 2 4 Table 3 Methane reacts violently with fluorine according to the following equation. Bond Mean bond enthalpy/kJmof'| 412 484 562 2 FF = ee a ee es dyee- € = “Mok = Gauze) - 484 = 622 {LB KSrh Hoe GN & So th tole Turn over for the next question ‘A student suggested that one reason for the high reactivity of fluorine is a weak F-F bond . Is the student correct? Justify your answer with a calculation using these data. (btn 2) +4 G Fae) = hehe (x Yai) © (txs62) = yur:10 4 Colourless solutions of X(aq) and Y(aq) react to form an orange solution of Z(aq) according to the following equation. X(aq) + 2¥(aq) = Zlaq) AH=-20kI mot? | A student added a solution containing 0.50 mol of X(aq) to a solution containing | 0.50 mol of ¥(aq) and shook the mixture. | ‘After 30 seconds, there was no further change in colour. ‘The amount of Z(aq) at equilibrium was 0.20 mol. [4] - [1] Deduce the amounts of X(aq) and ¥(aq) at equilibrium. [2 marks] oS2 0.50 -o12d 2. - 0-40 ‘Amount of X(aq) =_O* 30_mol ‘Amount of Y(aq) =O. fO_mol J 14] . [Z] onthe grid below, draw a graph to show how the amount of Z(aq) changed from the time of initial mixing until 60 seconds had elapsed. [3 marks] ] | wel ot 2 wd) Oe - OAs | | ow 1! O.0f | 1 | J e Oe ie On0] 4] - [3] The student prepared another equilibrium mixture in which the equilibrium concentrations of X and Z were: X(aq) = 0.40 mol dm’ and Z(aq) = 0.35 mol dm. For this reaction, the equilibrium constant K. = 2.9 mol? dm®. Calculate a value for the concentration of Y at equilibrium. Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures. [3 marks] | Re: 4 oy = 20 Cate Ba gk. oa @ 0.35 \ os | he 24 = OSS (256) [Maacass: mol dm? | -[4) wee eens odd el few drops of ¥(aq) to the equilibrium mixture of X(aq), ¥(aq) and | Suggest how the colour of the mixture changed. Give a reason for your answer, [3 marks] | Colour change Beene east acme Ihe trate ab cepatedeabon = [4] . [5] The student warmed the equilibrium mixture from Question 4.3, Predi edict the colour change, it any, when the equilibrium mixture was warmed. | [1 mark] = co 210 This question is about the chemical properties of chlorine, sodium chloride and sodium bromide. 7] Sodium bromide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid in a different way from sodium chloride. Write an equation for this reaction of sodium bromide and explain why bromide ions react differently from chloride ions. [3 marks] Equation _ZNa br + 2H,S0, >. , <0, + bro tS, 20) Oe fgg pein ile eas Be | ate) A. lp Na ell fhe cE) Explanation A colourless solution contains a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium bromide. Using aqueous silver nitrate and any other reagents of your choice, develop a procedure to prepare a pure sample of silver bromide from this mixture. Explain each step in the procedure and illustrate your explanations with equations, where appropriate. [6 marks] Adh Sibce ah & a chs Nabe Stulin f prodane el Mens ted : = No. AgNO, + Nabe —> habe + waNd,"1 - [3]] Write an ionic equation for the reaction between chlorine and cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution. Give the oxidation state of chlorine in each of the chlorine-containing ions formed. [2 marks] > +H, CL": x) (Oaieall Tum over for the next question12 This question is about reactions of calcium compounds. A pure solid is thought to be calcium hydroxide. The solid can be identified from its relative formula mass. ‘The relative formula mass can be determined experimentally by reacting a measured mass of the pure solid with an excess of hydrochloric acid. The equation for this reaction is Ca(OH), +2HCL —> CaCl, + 2H,0 I eG The unreacted acid can then be determined by titration with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. You are provided with 50.0 ‘cm? of 0.200 mol dm™ hydrochloric acid. Outline, giving brief practical details, how you would conduct an accurate experiment to calculate the relative formula mass of the solid using this method. [8 marks] Nz sSIOe= mint ColOW) ¢ 2 new ot Co (or) 2MgO(s) + 4NO,(g) + O2(g) [O[7]. [1] 43:74 « 10° g sample of Mg(NO;), was completely decomposed by heating. Calculate the total volume, in cm®, of gas produced at 60.0 °C and 100 kPa. Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures. The gas constant R = 8.31 J K' mol’. PV 2 QT [5 marks] wes Aa(n0o) 2 > 3.94 x0°* maine I 2ksiepoinion 143-3 ote por = D6 2 UCR pie IeBeS xjom! 2 PT 208 x10) ¥ 8.5 < Gorerd _ 1. THSmeSm? | wie ei aS 108 , 022 Total volume of gas = _17-4s- cm? 1. 248 xis vip e IF-45 Cn* 0[7] . [2] The mass of MgO obtained in this experiment is slightly less than that expected from the mass of Mg(NO,), used. ‘Suggest one practical reason for this. [1 mark] Sone te Da a a Dt