HISTOPATHOLOGY LEC

LECTURE 1: GENERAL PATHOLOGY

FRITZ VON GELLA, RMT, MD
JUNE 8, 2021
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I. PATHOLOGY ○ Signs and symptoms manifested by the patient

● From Greek “pathos” (suffering) and “logos” (study) brought about by the morphological changes
● study of suffering or study of disease ■ Signs = objective; observable
● Study of structural, biochemical and functional changes in phenomenon that can be identified by
cells, tissues and organs that underlie diseases. another person. (Nakikita sa pasyente)
● Uses molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and ■ Symptom = Subjective experience that
morphologic techniques to attempt to explain the signs and cannot be identified by anyone else
symptoms manifested by the patient. (Nararamdaman ng pasyente)
● Serves as the bridge between the basic sciences and
clinical medicine.
● Scientific foundation for all of medicine.
A. Divisions of Pathology
● General pathology
○ reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli
and inherited defects.
○ Not tissue specific
○ Can happen to different parts of the body
● Special, or Systemic pathology
○ specific responses in specialized organs and
tissues that are responsible for disorders that
involve these organs.
○ Very specific
B. 4 Aspects of Disease Process Diagnosed with: Classical pneumonia or lobar pneumonia
Etiology: Acquires - infectious - Bacteria
Pathogenesis:
1. Edema
2. Red Hepatization
3. Gray Hepatization
4. Resolution

● Etiology
Morphologic changes: (simultaneous)
○ origin of disease, which may be intrinsic/genetic
1. Stage of congestion = initial phase of pneumonia
or acquired (infectious, nutritional, chemical,
● Active hyperemia and edema
physical)
2. Stage of red hepatization = (eliminate bacteria)
■ infectious = bacterial, viral, fungal
● Neutrophils
■ Nutritional = excess or deficient
● Congestion
■ Chemical = exposure ,
● Fibrin
■ Intrinsic/genetic = inherited mutation;
3. Stage of grey hepatization (destroy rbc & more wbc)
disease associated gene variance
● Degradation of red blood cells
Multiple causation = combination of intrinsic and acquired.
● Fibrin-supp. exudate
Ex. cancer = can be viral disease and genetic defect
4. Stage of resolution (final stage) healing
● Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestation:
○ mechanism of its development or sequence of
● Cough
events in the response of cells or tissues to the
● Tachypnea
etiologic agent; spectrum of disease
● Fever
○ Beginning of the disease, development and
● Abnormal chest finding
process
● Morphologic changes
Importance of knowing the 4 aspects of Disease Process
○ biochemical and structural alterations induced in
1. To be able to diagnose correctly
the cell/organs that are characteristic or
- Doctors rely on clinical manifestation (90%)
diagnostic of an etiologic process.
- 3 parameters:
○ Cellular level
1. History (signs & symptoms)
● Clinical manifestations
2. Physical examination (auscultation, etc)
○ functional consequences and derangements of
3. Diagnostics (Lab, cbc, etc)
the morphologic changes

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