Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and

desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearables), and other equipment (printers and
video cameras) to interface with the Internet. ... Internet connectivity occurs through a wireless
router. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris)[4] is a domesticated descendant
of the wolf. The dog derived from an ancient, extinct wolf, [5][6] and the modern grey wolf is the dog's
nearest living relative.[7] The dog was the first species to be domesticated, [8][7] by hunter–
gatherers over 15,000 years ago,[6] before the development of agriculture.[1] Their long association
with humans has led dogs to be uniquely adapted to human behavior, [9] leading to a large number of
domestic individuals[10] and the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for
other canids.[11]
The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and
physical attributes.[12] Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for
humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and
the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. This influence on human society
has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend."

Contents

 1Taxonomy
 2Evolution
o 2.1Domestication
o 2.2Breeds
 3Biology
o 3.1Anatomy
 3.1.1Skeleton
 3.1.2Senses
 3.1.3Coat
 3.1.4Tail
o 3.2Health
 3.2.1Lifespan
o 3.3Reproduction
 3.3.1Neutering
o 3.4Inbreeding depression
 4Intelligence, behavior and communication
o 4.1Intelligence
o 4.2Behavior
o 4.3Communication
 5Ecology
o 5.1Population
o 5.2Competitors and predators
o 5.3Diet
o 5.4Range
 6Roles with humans
o 6.1As pets
o 6.2Work
o 6.3Sports and shows
 o 6.4As food
o 6.5Health risks to humans
o 6.6Health benefits for humans
 7Terminology
 8See also
o 8.1Lists
 9References
 10Bibliography
 11External links

Taxonomy
Further information: Canis lupus dingo § Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New
Guinea singing dog
In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae the
two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning "dog,"[13] and
under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the grey wolf, and the golden jackal. He classified the
domestic dog as Canis familiaris and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as Canis lupus.
[2]
 Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because of its upturning tail
(cauda recurvata), which is not found in any other canid.[14]
In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated
from the grey wolf, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog breeds having developed at a time
when human communities were more isolated from each other. [15] In the third edition of Mammal
Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under
the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies which formed the
domestic dog clade: familiaris as named by Linneaus in 1758 and dingo named by Meyer in 1793.
Wozencraft included hallstromi (the New Guinea singing dog) as another name (junior synonym) for
the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision.
[3]
 Mammalogists have debated the inclusion of familiaris and dingo together under the "domestic
dog" clade.[16][17]
The domestic dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris)[4] is a domesticated descendant of the
wolf. The dog derived from an ancient, extinct wolf,[5][6] and the modern grey wolf is the dog's nearest
living relative.[7] The dog was the first species to be domesticated,[8][7] by hunter–gatherers over
15,000 years ago,[6] before the development of agriculture. [1] Their long association with humans has
led dogs to be uniquely adapted to human behavior, [9] leading to a large number of domestic
individuals[10] and the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.[11]
The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and
physical attributes.[12] Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for
humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and
the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. This influence on human society
has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend."

Contents

 1Taxonomy
 2Evolution
o 2.1Domestication
o 2.2Breeds
  3Biology
o 3.1Anatomy
 3.1.1Skeleton
 3.1.2Senses
 3.1.3Coat
 3.1.4Tail
o 3.2Health
 3.2.1Lifespan
o 3.3Reproduction
 3.3.1Neutering
o 3.4Inbreeding depression
 4Intelligence, behavior and communication
o 4.1Intelligence
o 4.2Behavior
o 4.3Communication
 5Ecology
o 5.1Population
o 5.2Competitors and predators
o 5.3Diet
o 5.4Range
 6Roles with humans
o 6.1As pets
o 6.2Work
o 6.3Sports and shows
o 6.4As food
o 6.5Health risks to humans
o 6.6Health benefits for humans
 7Terminology
 8See also
o 8.1Lists
 9References
 10Bibliography
 11External links

Taxonomy
Further information: Canis lupus dingo § Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New
Guinea singing dog
In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae the
two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning "dog,"[13] and
under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the grey wolf, and the golden jackal. He classified the
domestic dog as Canis familiaris and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as Canis lupus.
[2]
 Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because of its upturning tail
(cauda recurvata), which is not found in any other canid.[14]
In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated
from the grey wolf, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog breeds having developed at a time
when human communities were more isolated from each other. [15] In the third edition of Mammal
Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under
the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies which formed the
domestic dog clade: familiaris as named by Linneaus in 1758 and dingo named by Meyer in 1793.
Wozencraft included hallstromi (the New Guinea singing dog) as another name (junior synonym) for
the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision.
[3]
 Mammalogists have debated the inclusion of familiaris and dingo together under the "domestic
dog" clade.[16][17]