Project-1: Design of single storey public building

۱۷

۱۱۷

(Limit state method) (LSM)

IS:456-2000 S.I.

(R.C.)

Slabs
(S3) (S2) (S1)
– (S4)
(S5)

: Beams
(B1) (B26,B27)
، (B19) (B2)
.(B5) (B17-B18) (B22-B23)

: Columns
– (C8) (C2)
(C15)

:(Column Footings)

170
 ۲۱۷

: .۱

۱.۱.۷ .۲

.۳
3.2m = .۴
0.6m =
0.72m =
.۵
1.5kN/m2 =
0.75kN/m2 =
1.75kN/m2 =

.۶

. :(Roof)
( ) 230mm
M20
Fe250 Fe415
.150kN/m2 = ۷
۸
IS:456-2000 ۹
۰۱

171
 ۱۱۷

172
 ۳۱۷

۱.۱.۷ ۰.۳

3m 4m 3m

4m 4m

Tow Way Slab

۳ 16m 10m

4m 4m

4.5m 3.2m ۴ 5.3m

One way Continous slab

10mm

Cross Beam

C20,C15,C12,C7 Two way cotinous slab

C14,C13

C12 C7

۲۰۷

Grid floor

173
 - )۱

Fe415 M20 - )۲
Fe 250

)mm( - )۳

۲۰۷

( ۱.۸.۳(.

:۲.۷

S5 S4 S3 ,S2,S1
S5

174
 (S1)۱ ۲ ۷

S1 ۱
۲

L=1m=1000mm ۳
۴

𝐿
* (a)۱.۲.۲۳ rb =7 𝑑
)۱( pt=0.15% Fe415 M20
۱.۷.۴ α1=1.85 ƒS =240 N/mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 1000
۱.۲.۶ d=𝛼 = 1.85×7 = 77.22 = 80𝑚𝑚
1 ×𝑟𝑎
)۲( 20mmd’= Fe 415
)۳(
D= 80+20 = 100mm

b = 1 m= 1000 mm
۲.۲.۶ 25 × 0.1 = 2.50𝑘𝑁⁄
𝑚
= 1.75𝐾𝑁⁄
𝑚
)۴( = 0.75𝐾𝑁⁄
𝑚
𝑤 = 5.00𝐾𝑁⁄
𝑚
۱.۴.۲
)۵( wu = 1.5 w = 1.5 × 5.0 = 7.5 kN/m
Mu = wu×L2/2 = 7.5 × 12/2 = 3.75 kN.m ۶
۷

Mur.max = Ru.max bd2 b = 1000 mm

۱.۱.۴ Ru.max = 2.76 N/mm2 M20-Fe415
Mur.max = 2.76 × 1000 × 802 × 10-6
)۶( = 17.6 KN.m > Mu = 3.75 KN.m
۳.۲.۶ 0.5 × 20 4.6 × 3.75 ×106 ۸
Ast = [1 − √1 − ]× 1000 × 80
415 20 × 1000 ×802

b ۱.۲.۵ = 135 mm2 ≥ Ast.min

Ast.min = 0.12%
= 0.12×1000×100/100 = 120 mm2< 135 mm2
Ast = 135 mm2
ast = 50mm2 8mm

175
 S1

a۴.۲.۶
S = 1000 × ast/Ast =1000 × 50/135= 370 mm
3d= 240mm 300mm =
a۲.۲.۵
# 8 @ 240 mm c/c
1000 × 50/240 = 208mm2 =
۹

)۷( (Pt)reqd = 100 × 135/ (1000 × 80) = 0.17% > 0.15% (

(Ast)reqd = 135 mm2 , (Ast)prov = 208mm2

(Pt)prov = 100 × 208/(1000 × 80 ) = 0.26%
ƒS = 0.58 ƒy × (Ast)reqd/(Ast)prov
= 0.58 × 415 × 135/208 = 156 N/mm2
۴۷۰ . α1 = 2 ƒS= 156N/mm2 pt=0.26%
d = 1000/(2 × 7) = 71mm < 80mm d
۱۱
)۸(
Fe250
0.15% = )Ast(
a۰۲۵ Ast = 0.15 × 1000 × 100/100 = 150mm 2

28mm2 Ast=28.27mm2 6mm

s = 28 × 1000/150 = 186mm -:
s = 180mm
b۲۲۵ 450mm = 5d
= 5 × 80 450 < 180mm
#8mm at 300 mm Ø6mm at 180mm c/c
۱۲-۱۱

S2
(IS code) * *

S1

pt ۰
0.45% 0.15% Fe 415 M20

176
 240 290 fs Fe 250 Fe 415, Fe500 ۰۷۴
145N/mm2

12mm ۲
) C-1 ( =20 – 5 = 15mm =
12mm Fe250 10mm Fe415
d’ = 15 + 10/2 = 20mm Fe 500 Fe 415
d’ = 15 + 12/2 = 21 mm Fe 250
10mm ۳
۳

S1 ) ۱.۱.۷( B18 ۴
0.75 kN/m2

1.5 ۵
1.5 wu
wu =1.5 × w

۶
𝑑 = √𝑀𝑢 /(𝑅𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 1000) d
d

𝑑 = √3.75 × 106 /(2.76 × 1000) = 37𝑚𝑚 < 80𝑚𝑚 :

(Mur.max =Ru.max bd2 ) > Mu

mm d، b N/mm2 Ru.max kN.m Mu

kN.mm N.mm Mur.max 10-6 Ru.max bd2
Mur.max

.pt % =100× Ast /bd

α1 pt (pt)reqd< (pt)assumed ۷
(pt)assumed (pt)reqd d
α1

177
 (pt)reqd> (pt)assumed
d d

Fe 415 ۸
8mm
0.12% #8mm Fe415
410 mm Ast.min = 120 mm2
450 mm 5d
#8 @ 410 mm
300 mm 410mm 300 mm

: S2 ۵ ۲ ۷

S2 ۱
۰ ۲ ۲
۳ L = 2.5 m = 2500mm ۳
۴

rb = 20 L/d
۰۷۴ pt = 0.3% M20-Fe415
۰۷۴ α1= 1.48 ƒs = 240 N/mm2

۴ d =Span /(α1 × rb)=2500/(1.48×20) =84.45= 90mm

d̕ = 20 mm Fe 415
C ۰ D = 90 + 20 = 110 mm
۵
b=1m=1000mm
25 × 0.11 = 2.75 kN/m
= 1.75 kN/m
= 1.50 kN/m
= 6.00 kN/m
wu = 1.5 w = 1.5 × 6 = 9 kN/m

178
 S2

Mu = wu L2/8 = 9 × 2.52/8 = 7.03 kN.m ۶

b = 1000mm ۷
Ru.max = 2.76 N/mm2 M20-Fe415
۰۰۴ Mur.max = Ru.max × bd2 = 2.76 × 1000 × 902 × 10-6
= 22.3 KN.m > Mu (= 7.03 kN.m )
۸
0.5 × 20 4.6 × 7.03 ×106
۳۲۶ Ast= 415
[1 − √1 −
20 × 1000 ×902
]× 1000 × 90 = 229𝑚𝑚2

(pt)reqd = 100 × 229 /(1000 × 90) = 0.25%

a۴ ۲۶ 200 mm s =1000× 50/229=218mm #8mm

S = 3d 300mm :
200mm S = 3 × 90 or 300> 200
#8 mm @ 200 mm c/c
(Ast)prov = 1000 × 50/200 = 250 mm2
۹
(pt)reqd= 0.25%< (Pt)assumed (=0.3%)

b۱.۷.۴ ƒ 𝑠 = 0.58 × 415 × 229/250 = 220 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

(𝑃𝑡 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 100 × 250 /(1000 × 90 ) = 0.28%
𝛼1 = 1.62 ƒs = 220 N/mm2 pt = 0.28%
۱.۷.۴
=2500/(20 × 1.62 ) = 77 𝑚𝑚 < 90 𝑚𝑚

۱۱
a۵.۲.۱ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.15 × 1000 × 110/100 = 165 𝑚𝑚2
Ø6mm
b۶.۲.۴ s =28×1000/165=169.6 mm = 160 mm<(5d 450)
Ø6 𝑚𝑚 @ 160 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

179
 S2

۴.۴.۲ ۱۱
)۵(
VuD = 9 × 2.5/2 = 11.25 KN
Vuc= k τuc.bd =
Pt = 100 Ast /(bd) τuc k = 1.3
٪ ۵۱
Ast1 = (1000ast/s) /2 = (1000 × 50/200)/2 = 125 mm2
P t = 100 × 125/(1000 × 90) = 0.14% , τuc = 0.28 N/mm2
۴.۴.۱
Vuc = 1.3 × 0.28 × 1000 × 90/1000 = 32.76kN > 11.25𝑘𝑁

)۵( M20-Fe415 ۱۲
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9 × 2.5/2 = 11.25𝑘𝑁
٪ ۵۱ ،
𝑀1 = 7.03/2 = 3.52𝑘𝑁𝑚
a۴.۶.۴ ۹۱
۴.۶.۲ 𝐿0 = 𝑏𝑠 /2 − 𝑥1 + 3ø = 230/2 − 25 + 3 × 8 = 114𝑚𝑚
b۴.۶.۳ 𝐿𝑑 = 47ø = 47 × 8 = 376𝑚𝑚
1.3𝑀1 /𝑉 + 𝐿0 = 1.3 × 3.52 × 1000/11.25 + 114 = 520𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑑 (= 376𝑚𝑚) < 520𝑚

S2

B1-B2-B3-B4 ۰
B6-B7-B8-B9
B18 B27

B9-B8-B7-B6 S2 S3 ۲
۹۱ S2
B6-B7-B8-B9 S2

S2 (B1-B2-B3-B4)

180
 C1:22.2(d)

C1:21.2(a)
2.36m (2500-230)+ = 2270 + 90 = 2360𝑚𝑚

12mm ۴
(2) (C-1) = 20-5=15mm
𝑑` = 15 + 5 = 20𝑚𝑚 = 10mm

- S3 ۷.۲.۷

I.S.code ۰
۲
۳
۴

I.S.code S3

S3 ۱
)۱( ۲
4000mm = L=4m ۳
۴
26 rb = 𝑙⁄
𝑑
Pt = 0.3% M20 –Fe415
۰۷۴ α1= 1.5 f s = 240N/mm2
110mm d = 4000/(1.5 × 26) = 102mm
`d = 20 mm Fe 415
D = 110 + 20 = 130mm

181
 I.S.code S3

۵
b = 1m = 1000 mm) (
+ =
)۲( wd = 25 × 0.13 + 1.75 = 5kNm
𝑤𝑙 = 1.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑤𝑢 = 1.5(5 + 1.5) = 9.75𝑘𝑁𝑚
۶

I.S.code

αd

)۳( ۱۲ – * αL
۱۱۵ kN.m
Ast mm2

𝑀𝑢 = 1.5 × (𝛼𝑑 × 𝑤𝑑 × 𝐿2 + 𝛼𝑙 × 𝑤𝑙 × 𝐿2 )
) (
𝑀𝑢1 = 1.5 × (5 × 42 /12 + 1.5 × 42 /10) = 13.6𝑘𝑁 × 𝑚
) (
𝑀𝑢2 = −1.5 × (5 × 42 /10 + 1.5 × 42 /9) = −16.6 𝑘𝑁 × 𝑚
) (
𝑀𝑢3 = 1.5 × (5 × 42 /16 + 1.5 × 42 /12) = 10.5𝐾𝑁 × 𝑚
) (
𝑀𝑢4 = −1.5 × (5 × 42 /12 + 1.5 × 42 /9) = −14𝑘𝑁 × 𝑚
𝑀𝑢2 = 16𝑘𝑁 × 𝑚
۷
2
Mur.max = R u.max × 1000 × d
۰۰۴ R u.max = 2.76 N/mm2 M20-Fe415
Mur.max = 2.76 × 1102 × 10 − 6 = 33.4 kN. m > Mu2 = (16 kN. m)

182
 I.S.code S3

0.5×20 4.6×𝑀𝑢×106
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − 20×1000×1102] × 1000 × 110
415
۳۲۶
۰۰ Ast
۴.۲.۶
۰۰
۹
Ast1
)۴( 2
Ast1 = 368mm

𝑃𝑡 = 368 × 100/(1000 × 110) = 0.33% > 0.3%

𝑃𝑡.𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 100 × 387/(1000 × 110) = 0.35%

b۰ ۷ ۴ 𝑓𝑠 = 0.58 × 415 × 368/387 = 229𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
α1 = 1.48 𝑃𝑡 = 0.35% 𝑓𝑠 = 229𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
۰۷۴
4000
𝑑= × 1.48 = 104𝑚𝑚 < 110𝑚𝑚
26
۱۱
0.12% b×D Ast 415 Fe

b۰ ۲ ۵ Ast = 0.12% × b × D = 0.12 × 1000 × 130/100 = 156mm2

Ast = 156.2mm2 320mm #8mm

۱۱

)۵( mm2 Ast 368 440 280 380

mm - #8@130 #8@260+ #8@175+ #8@350+

#8@350 #8@350
mm 2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 (387) (337) (287) (287)
mm2 𝐴𝑠𝑡 --- 103 --- 93

183
 I.S.code S3

- --- #8@450 --- #8@450

mm2 Ast --- (111) --- (111)
Ast 387 448 287 398

mm #8@130 #8@110 #8@175 #8@130

mm2 Ast (457) (287) (387) (387)

S3

(I.S)

)۲( ۰

(I.S) ۲

۴
(
)

۲.۵.۲ ۵

184
 110mm #8
۳۱ ۲۱ ۵۲۵

S3

(DL+LL) )۱
𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐷𝐿 DL 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5(𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) 1.5

)۲
(Moment Distribution Method)

)۳

(Moment Distribution Method)

Penultimate

B
٧.۲.۷

185
 S3

wmax = 1.5(DL + LL) = 1.5(25 × 0.3 + 1.75 + 1.5) = 9.75 kN⁄m

wmin = DL = 25 × 0.13 + 1.75 = 5.00 kN⁄m

MFBA = wmax L2 /8 = 9.75 × 42 /8 = 19.5 kN. m = MFDE , MFAB = MFED = 0

MFBC = wmax L2 /12 = 9.75 × 42 /12 = 13.0 kN. m = MFCB = MFCD = MFDC
MFBA = wmin L2 /8 = 5 × 42 /8 = 10.00 kN. m = MFDE , MFAB = MFED = 0
MFBC = wmin L2 /12 = 5 × 42 /12 = 6.67 kN. m = MFCB = MFCD = MFDC

Distribution Factors
(D.F.) (R.S.F)
3/7 3EI/L BA
7EI/L B
4/7 4EI/L BC
1/2 4EI/L CB
8EI/L C
1/2 4EI/L CD
4/7 4EI/L DC
7EI/L D
3/7 3EI/L DE

E D C B A
ED DE DC CD CBBC BA AB
- 3/7 4/7 1/2 1/2 4/7 3/7 -
0 -10.0 6.67 -6.67 13.00 -13.00 19.50 0
1.43 1.90 -3.17 -3.16 -3.71 - 2.79 -
- - -1.58 0.95 -1.86 -1.58 - 0.68
0.68 0.90 0.46 0.45 0.90
0.23 0.45 0.45 -0.22
-0.10 -0.13 -0.45 -0.45 -0.12 -0.10
0 -7.99 7.99 -8.43 8.43 -17.29 17.29 0

Maximum Span Moment

𝑅 𝐴 = 9.75 × 4/2 − 17.29/4 = 15.18𝑘𝑁 AB

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 15.18/9.75 = 1.557𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 15.18 × 1.557/2 = 11.82𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑅𝐵 = 9.75 × 4/2 + (17.29 − 8.43)/4 = 21.715𝑘𝑁 BC
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 21.715/9.75 = 2.227𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 21.715/9.75 = 6.89𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

186
 S3

(𝑀𝐸𝑈 ) 11.82 -17.29 6.89 -8.43

2 ٪ ۳۱ 2.59 5.19 2.59 -
𝑀𝐷𝑈 14.41 -12.10 9.48 -8.43

)Max.B.M(
۲۲۷

C ۲۲ ۷

E D C B A
ED DE DC CD CB BC BA AB
- 3/7 4/7 1/2 1 /2 4/7 3/7 -
0 -10.00 13.00 -13.00 13.00 -13.00 10.00 0
-1.29 -1.71 1.71 1.29
- 0.85 0.85
0 -11.29 11.29 -13. 85 13.85 -11.29 11.29 0

RA = 5×4/2-11.29/4=7.18kN ، 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.18/5 = 1.435𝑚 AB

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.18 × 1.435/2 = 5.15𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑅𝐵 = 9.75 × 4/2 − (13.85 − 11.29)/4 = 18.86𝑘𝑁 ، 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 18.86/9.75 = 1.93𝑚 BC
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 18.86 × 1.93/2 − 11.29 = 6.91𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1 2 3 4

A B C
(𝑀𝐸𝑈 ) 5.15 -11.29 6.91 -13.85
4 dM=30% 2.10 4.2
𝑀𝐷𝑈 5.15 -11.29 9.01 -9.65
𝑀𝐷𝑈 14.41 -12.10 9.48 -8.43
14.41 -12.10 9.48 -9.65

187
 S3

٪ ۳۱ ۰

- ۲

)Hand Books(

۷.۲.۱ (Korve.H.B7,2)

𝑤𝑢1 = 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚, 𝑤𝑢2 = 𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 5.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 , 𝑤𝑢3 = 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 – 𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 9. 75 − 5. 00 = 4.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤𝑢2 × 𝐿2 = 5 × 42 = 80 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚, 𝑤𝑢3 × 𝐿2 = 4.75 × 42 = 76 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

۲ ٪ ۳۱
kN.m

188
 S3

. D-2

۴ ٪ ۳۱

Mu
Mu M.D.
mm2
-
2
mm

S3

C1.37.1.1(c) ٪ ۳۱
dM/2 dM=30%

)Bent up(
) (i) ۵.۲.۵(

) (ii)۵.۲.۵( Soldier’s

۲
۳
۰
۳
wmin wmax AB 13.4 kN.m AB
) ( wmin wmax
17.29kN.m

17.29 – 13.4 = 3.89 kN.m

17.29 – 3.89 × 2/3 = 14.7 kN.m
17.29 – 3.89/3 = 14.7 kN.m

189
 )III ( – S3

) D-5 (

۵-۱

۶
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2
± ±
12 10

Mu
𝑤𝑢 = 9.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚, 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 = 156 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

1 2 3 4

C B A
۲ .۳ .۳
1/12 -1/12 -1/10 1/10 α

۳ .۲ .۶ -13.0 13.0 -15.6/14.3 15.6 kN.m Mu=156×α

351 351 428/389* 428 mm2 Ast

190
 S3

۵۰
Wu L2/10 ۶

۳۲۶
428mm2

Ly = 5m Lx = 4.5m
Ly/Lx = 5.0/4.5 = 1.11
LL = 1.5 kN/m2 FF = 1.75 kN/m2

4 3 2 1

kN.m/mm2 kN.m/mm2 kN.m/mm2 kN.m/mm2

-14.0/380 10.5/280 -16.0/440 13.6/368 I.S
-9.65/255 9.48/251 -12.10/325 14.41/392 ٪ ۳۱
-13.6/351 13.0/351 -15.6/428 15.6/428
-15.6/428 15.6/428 -15.6/428 15.6/428

0.5× 20 4.6 × 𝑀 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − 20 × 1000𝑢 × 1102 ] × 1000 × 110 ۳.۲.۶
415

191
 S4 ۴۲۷

S4 ۰
: ۲
Ly = 5m Lx = 4.5m ۳
Ly /Lx = 5.0/4.5 = 1.11
LL = 1.5 KN/m2 FF = 1.75 KN/m2
۳۲۶ ۴
L/d
3.5m Lx = 4.5m
) 3kN/m2 (
۲۴.۱ ۲۳.۲.۱

) 0.25% Fe415 – M20 (

0.2%
۰۷۴ α1 = 1.7 fs = 240 N/mm2 pt = 0.2%
۰۷۴ . rb = 26 L/d
d =Lx/(α1× rb)= 4500/(1.7× 26)=110mm
d' = 20mm Fe415
D = 110 + 20 = 130mm
do = 110mm
di = 100mm
۰ D–۷ ۵
wu = 1.5 (25 × 0.13 + 1.75 + 1.5) = 1.5 × 6.5 = 9.75 kN/m2
۶
No = 4
wu Lx2= 9.75 × 4.52=197.4 kN/m
Mu = α wu Lx2 kN .m (α)
0.0537×197.4 = 10.60KN.m 0.0537
0.0405×197.4 = 8.00 KN.m 0.0405
0.047×197.4 = 9.28 KN.m 0.047
0.035×197.4 = 6.91 KN.m 0.035

192
 S4

۷
Mur.max = Ru.max bd2 b = 1000mm
Ru.max = 2.76 kN.m Fe415 – M20

Mur.max=2.76×1000 × 1102×10-6= 33.4 kN.m>10.6kN.m

Mur.max = 2.76 × 1000 × 1002× 10-6 = 27.6kN.m

۸

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 𝑀𝑢 × 106

۳۲۶ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ] × 1000 × 𝑑
415 20 × 1000 × 𝑑 2

d Mu
mm kN.m
Ast Ast
mm2 mm
mm2
)۲( 287 # 8 @175 282 110 10.60
209 # 8@240 210 110 8.00
)۳( 251 # 8 @200 245 110 9.28
201 #8 @ 250 200 110 6.91

)۴( 320mm #8 S3
۹

)۵( pt = 210×100/(1000×110)= 0.19%<0.2%

(pt)reqd<(pt)assumed
β = Ly/Lx = 5.0/4.5 = 1.11 ۰۱
Vu.max=1.2 × wu Lx [β/(2β+1)] i
Vu.max=1.2 × 9.75 ×4.5 × [1.11/(2 ×1.11+1)] =1.2×15.12=18.15 kN
Vuc=k τuc bd
۲ ۴ ۴ Ast = 287mm2 , Pt = 100×287/(1000×110) = 0.26% , k=1.3
۰۴۴ k=1.3 D<150mm τuc =0.36N/mm2 M20 pt= 0.26%
Vuc=1.3×0.36×1000×110/1000=51.5kN>Vu.max=18.15 kN

193
 S4

Vu.max = 0.45×15.12×4.5 = 13.61 kN ii

Astx = 209 mm2
٪ ۵۱
Ast1=104.5 mm2 , Pt = 100 × 104.5/(1000×110)= 0.095%
τuc= 0.28 N/mm2 , k= 1.3
Vuc = 1.3 × 0.28 × 100 × 110/1000 = 40 kN> 13.61 kN
Vu.max = 1.2 wu Lx/3 i
Vu.max = 1.2×9.75×4.5×4.5/3 = 1.2 × 14.6 = 17.5 KN
Ast=251mm2 , Pt = 0.23% , τuc = 0.34 N/mm2
Vuc = 1.3 × 0.34 × 1000 × 110/1000 = 48.6 kN
Vuc = 48.6 kN>17.5 kN
Vu.max = 0 .9 × 14.6 = 13.14 kN ii
Asty = 201mm2
٪ ۵۱
pt = 100×100/(1000×110) = 0.1% Ast1 = 100mm2
۰۴۴ τuc =0.28N/mm2
Vuc=1.3×0.28×1000×110/1000 = 40.0 kN> 13.14 kN
۰۰
Ld = 47 ×8 = 376 mm i
= 0.3×4m=1200mmLd=0.3L S3
1200mm>376mm
Ld = 47 ×8 = 376 mm ii
٪ ۵۱
V =13.61 kN M1 = 8.0/2 = 4.0 kN.m
a۴ ۶ ۴ L0 = 230/2 – 25 + 3 × 8 = 114 mm
Ld= 376mm < 496mm (=1.3 ×4×1000/13.61+114 )
Ld = 47 ×8 = 376 mm i
= 0.3×5m=1500mmLd=0.3L S4
b۳ ۶ ۴ 1500mm>376mm
Ld = 47 ×8 = 376 mm ii
٪ ۵۱
V =13.14kN M1 = 6.91/2 = 3.5kN.m
L0 = 230/2 – 25 + 3 × 8 = 114 mm
Ld= 376mm<460mm( =1.3 ×3.5×1000/13.14 +114 )

194
 S4

۰۲
)۶( C20 C12

0.75×Astx = 0.75×210= 158 mm2

Lx/5=4500/5=900mm
C19 C11 , C14
(a)

S4

𝐵10 ۰
۴ D-7

Ast 𝐵22– 𝐵23 S3 S4 ۲

S3 S4 380mm²
IS Code S3 𝑆4 282 mm²
380mm²
S4 S3

𝐵11 ۳
500mm #8 𝐵11
245-201=44mm² 201mm²
200mm #8

Asty Astx ۴
L/8 0.75 Lx 0.75 Ly

195
 pt ۵

۶
300mm #8 900mm × 900mm( = Lx/5) i
Ast=167mm² >0.75×201
ii
Lx/5
Lx/5 U ۰۸۱
Asty AT=Astx 0.75Astx

0.75Astx Asty
Lx / 5 3/8 Astx
U

S5 ۵ ۲ ۷

S5 ۰

)۲( : ۲
)۳( Ly = 3.26m Lx = 2.5m ۳
Ly / Lx = 3.26/2.5= 1.3
۴
3 kN/m² 3.5m
L/D
)۲( *۲۴ ۱
Fe250 L/D
0.8×35 = 28 = Fe 415 35
۲۲۶ D = Lx/28 = 2500/28 = 90 mm
100 mm
d’= 20mm Fe 415
do = 100 – 20 = 80 mm
di = 80-10 = 70mm

196
 S5

1m ۵
25 × 0.1 = 2.50 kN/m =
1.75 kN/m =
0.75 kN/m =
5.00 kN/m =
wu= 1.5 × 5 = 7.5 kN/m =

wu×Lx² =7.5×2.5² =46.875 kN.m ، Mu = α wuLx² : ۶

kN.m α
D–6
0.093×46.875 = 4.36 kN.m 0.093
0.055×46.875 = 2.58 kN .m 0.055

۷
b = 1000 mm Mur.max = Ru.max bd²
Ru.max = 2.76 N/mm² M20 – Fe 415
Mur.max=2.76×1000×802×10-6=17.7 kN.m>4.36 kN.m
Mur.max=2.76×1000×702 ×10 -6=13.5 kN.m>2.58 kN.
۸
0.5 × 20 4.6 × 𝑀𝑢 × 106
Ast = [1 − √1 − 20 × 1000 × 𝑑2 ] × 1000 × 𝑑
415

Ast d Mu
mm Ast mm kN.m
mm2 mm2
)۳( 209 #8 @240* 160 80 4.36
239 #8 @210* 107 70 2.58

3d *

𝑆4

197
 𝑆5

230 mm ۱

۲
)𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 𝐼𝐼 (

= + + =
= 2250 + 780 + 230 = 3260𝑚𝑚 = 3.26𝑚
۳
Fe250 6mm )3d(

۷.۲.۷

= 2270/2 – 135 = 1000 mmm =

3030mm × 2270mm
H= 3.2 m = 3200mm =
A–2
= 5 kN/m =

T = 250mm R = 160mm
۰۳۴
(√𝑇 2 + 𝑅 2 )⁄ (√2502 + 1602 )⁄
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑇= 250 = 1.187
= H/R = 3200/160 = 20
10 =
= 10 – 1 = 9 =
= 250 × 9 = 2250 mm Going
۲۰۷ = 3030 – 2250 = 780 mm

𝐵26
𝐿 = 2250 + 780 + 230 = 3260 𝑚𝑚 ∶ 𝐿

198
 𝐵26
𝐵27
۰ L=3260mm =
‫د اول مارش ډيزاين‬
۱
L=3260mm = 3.26 m ۲
۳
rb = 20 : L/d
pt = 0.4%

۰۷۴ α1=1.32 fs = 240 N/mm²

d=L/( α1× rb)=3260/(1.32×20)=130mm :
= 20mmd' Fe 415
D = 130 + 20 = 150mm
L/25 L/20

wd = 25D × Secɵ= 25 × 0.15 × 1.187=4.45 kN/m2

= 25R/2 = 25 × 0.16/2 = 2.00 kN/m²
= 0.75 kN/m
= 1.00 kN/m
w=12.45 kN/m
)۲( wu=1.5 × 12.45 = 18.68 kN/m²
۵
wu = 1.5 × 12.45 = 18.68 kN/m² 1m
Mu.max = wu L2/8 = 18.68 × 3.262/8 = 24.8 kN.m
۶
2 -6
Mur.max=2.76×1000×130 ×10 = 46.6 kN.m >Mu(=24.8 kN.m)

۷
0.5 × 20 4.6 × 24.8 × 106
Ast = [1 − √1 − ] × 1000 × 130= 583 mm²
415 20 × 1000 × 1302

130mm 10mm#
604 mm² =

199
 ۸
(Pt)Reqd=583×100/(1000×130) =0.448%>(Pt)assumed=0.4%

fs= 0.58×415×583/604 = 232N/mm2

(pt) prov = 100×604/(1000×130) = 0.46%
α1=1.31 pt=0.46% fs=232N/mm2
۰۷۴
d =3260/(1.31×20)=125<130mm

pt.min = 0.12% Fe415 ۹

Ast = 0.12 × 1000 × 150/100 = 180 mm²
275mm 8mm#
Ast = 182 mm²
‫د دويم مارش ډيزاين‬
)۳( 𝐵26 ۱
𝐵27
)3260mm( 3.26 m ۲
۳

۱.۳.۴ ۰

۲
𝑉 = 1.5(25 × 0.15 × 1.187 + 1 + 5) = 15.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚² 18.68 kN/m²

- ۵٪
۵٪ ۱۱٪

18.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

200
 .۳
𝑆2 𝐵27
𝐵10 𝐵5
𝑆2

𝐶11 𝐶5 𝐵27

2270 mm × 4270 mm 2270 mm ×3030 mm

𝐵10 𝐵5 𝑆5
𝐵27

۷۲۰

۷۲۰

mm
mm
mm mm
mm mm mm mm mm
-- --- Ø6@180 #8@240 100 S1

--- Ø6@160 #8@200 110 S2

(a) 130 S3

#8@320
#8@350+#8@350 #8@260+#8@350
+#8@450 +#8@450 #8@130
b

#8@175
#8@200 #8@175 #8@250 #8@240 130 S4
--- --- #8@210 #8@240 100 S5
--- --- #8@275 #10@130 150
‫یم‬

201
 ۳۷

۰۳۷

B20, B19, B11, B27, B26

B16-B15-B14-B13-B12 B10-B9-B8-B7-B6-B5-B4-B3-B2-B1

B12 B6, B1
UDL

B15-B14-B13 B2-B3-B3-B4;B7-B8-B9
.

B5-B10-B16

B16

B10 B5
B18 B17

B25-B24 B23-B22

202
1,2,3 2.5 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵26 (𝑎)
3 2.5 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵27 (𝑏)
1 𝐼
4 4.5 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵11 (𝑐)
4 10,0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵21،𝐵20 ،𝐵19 (𝑑)

1, 5 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵1 (𝑎)

1, 5 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵6 (𝑏)
2 𝐼𝐼
1,5 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵12 (𝑐)
1, 5 4.5 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵16 (𝑑)

1, 6 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵4،𝐵3،𝐵2 (𝑎)

1, 6 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵9 ،𝐵8 ،𝐵7 (𝑏) 3 𝐼𝐼𝐼
1, 6 4.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵15،𝐵14 ،𝐵13 (𝑐)

7 5.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵23،𝐵22 (𝑎)

8 5.0 𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐵25 ،𝐵24 (𝑏)
9 10 2.5 𝑈𝐷𝐿 (𝑐)
،𝐵18 ،𝐵17 4 𝐼𝑉
10 4.5 UDL+PTL 𝐵5 (𝑑)
10 4.5 UDL+PTL 𝐵10 (𝑒)

B5 B22,B23,B17,B18 B7,B8,B9 B1 B26,B27,B19

۳۳۳

203
 B26 ۲

B5 B10 B27 ۳

-L -T

B26 B27
UDL
𝛪𝛪 𝛪 B27
S2 𝛪𝛪 B27
B10 B5 B27
S2 B27 S2
B27
B27 S2
B27 UDL=WuLx/6
S2 Lx S2 Wu

B21 B20،B19،B11 ۴

B19 B11 T
B21 B20،B19

B16 ۵
2(c)،2(b)،2 (a)

B6 S2 B1

204
 S3 S2
Wu Lx/6 B6 S3
B6 B6
S3 B12
B16 B6

𝛪𝛪 𝛪𝛪𝛪 ۶
𝛪𝛪

S4 S3 B23 B22 ۷

B26 B25 ۸
B25 B26
C12 B25 C12
S4 B25 B24

B18 B16 ۹
۰
۲
۳

1m B5 ۰۱
B27

S4 B10
L

205
 ۲۳۷

‫؛‬

± ۲۱

۳۸۱ mm ۵ ۴
)۷۱۱ mm ۰۱
۲۳۱ mm

5m d’

230mm×700 mm 40 mm 230mm×380 mm D/10

70 mm

: (𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑’) ۳
d=380-40=340mm 380mm
d=700-70=630mm 700mm

= ( Df ) = Df ۴

Df =100 mm S1
Df =110 mm S2
Df =130 mm S4 S3
Df =100 mm S5
Df =150 mm

S5 S4 S3 S2 S1
12.45kN/m2 5.00 6.50 6.50 6.00 5.00
18.68 kN/m2 7.5 9.75 9.75 9.0 7.5

206
 𝑤𝑤 = 20 × 25 × 1.0 = 5𝑘𝑁/𝑚 1m 250mm
𝑤𝑤 = 20 × 25 × 3.2 = 16𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2.3m 250mm

wg=2/3×25×0.075×1.0 = 1.25 kN/m 1m 75mm

100mm= D-100
=D

ws= 25×0.23 (0.38-0.1) =1.60 kN/m (230×380) mm

ws = 25×0.23 ×(0.7-0.13)= 3.28 kN/m (230×700) mm

1/8 0 UD
۰
¼ 0
۲
-1/10
1/10
-1/6
1/7

1/12 -1/12 ۳
1/8 -1/8

M20-Fe415 ۷

۳۱ ۲۱ ۱
d .۲.۰.۴ ku. limit =0.30 ku.limit =0.40 ku.max =0.48
C ۵ .۰ .۴ Ru. limit =1.89N/mm2 Ru.limit =2.4/mm2 Ru.max =0.76N/mm2
e ۶ .۰ .۴ Pt. limit %=0.60% Pt.limit % =0.80% Pt.max % =0.96%
230×380mm
d=340mm
d ۵.۰.۴ Mur.limit =50.25kN.m Mur.limit = 63.7kN.m Mur.max =73.4kN.m

207
 )Fe 250( ∅6𝑚𝑚 b= 230mm ۸
s=0.87fy× Asv/0.4b =0.87×250×56/(0.4 × 230) )Asv =2×28 =56 mm2
=130mm

۴۴۸ Vusv.min=0.4 bdkN ۹

Vusv.min=0.4×230×340/1000=31.28kN (d=340mm) 230×380mm
Vusv.min=0.4×230×630/1000=57.96 kN (d=630mm) 230×700mm

𝐿𝑑 = 47∅ M20 –Fe 415 ۱۱

Ld=47×12=564 mm = 12mm
Ld= 47×16= 752 mm = 16mm
Ld= 47×25= 1175 mm = 25mm

d=340mm 230mm×380 mm ۰.۳.۷

Vur.min Vusv.min Vuc Mur Pt Ast
kN kN kN kN.m % Mm
∅-s(mm) mm

Ld
564 ∅6@130 60.93 31.28 29.62 26.10 0.289 226 2-#12
564 ∅6@130 63.00 31.28 31.72 30.77 0.345 270 2-#10+1#12
564 ∅6@130 68.38 31.28 37.1 42.24 0.490 383 2-#10+2#12
564 ∅6@130 66.30 31.28 35.02 37.87 0.433 339 3-#12
752 ∅6@130 69.17 31.28 37.89 44.10 0.514 402 2-#16
564 ∅6@130 70.77 31.28 39.49 48.83 0.578 452 4-#12
564 ∅6@130 74.37 31.28 43.09 58.96 0.722 565 5-#12

۳۳۷

۴۳ ۶

B26

۳.۲.۶ B26 ۰
EC=1 ۲
L = 2.5m = 2500mm ۳
b=230mm , D=380mm, d'=40mm, d=340mm ۴

208
 B26

۵
wt= 12.45 kN/m2 , L = 3.26 m

12.45×3.26/2 = 20.3kN/m II I
4.8×1.25= 6.0 kN/m 4. 8m
25×0.23×(0.38-0.1) =1.6kN/m
w= 27.9 kN /m
wu= 1.5×27.9= 41.9kN/m

Mu = wu L2/8 = 41.9×2.52/8= 32.7kN.m ۶

Mur.max= Ru.maxbd2
۰.۰.۴ Ru.max = 2.76 N/mm2 Fe415 M20
Mur.max =2.76 × 230 × 3402× 10-6 = 73.4 kN.m> Mu
‫؛‬

0.5×20 4.6×32.7×106
a۶.۰.۴ Ast= [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402 ]×230 ×340=289mm2 = Ast
415

Ast=3×113=339mm2 3#12
0.5m 1-#12 + 2-#12

2#10
۶.۳.۰ 3

b = n1 × ∅ + (n1 + 1) × 25 + 2 × ∅st
N = 3 , b = 3 × 12 + 4 × 20 + 2 × 6 = 128 mm < 230 𝑚𝑚
‫؛‬

C–1 d’
20mm =
∅6mm
∅⁄2+ + = d’
‫ ؛‬. 20 + 6 + 12/2 = 32 mm<40mm =

209
 B26

Vuc = τucbd. Vu.max= wu L/2 = 41.9 × 2.5/2 = 52.4 kN ۸

τuc=0.36
)Pt( τuc
Ast1= 2-# 12 mm = 2× 113 =226 mm2. ( )

pt = 100×226/(230×340) = 0.289%
(0.48−0.36)
𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.36 + (0.50−0.25) × (0.289 − 0.25) = 0.3787 N/mm2
۰ .۴ . ۴
Vuc=0.3787×230×340/1000 = 29.61 kN
Vusv.min =0.4 bd=0.4×230×345/1000 = 31.28 kN
۸ .۴ . ۴
Vur.min= 29.61+31.26= 60.87kN >Vu.max(=52.4 kN)
. ‫؛‬
)Asv=56mm2( Fe250 -۲ ∅6mm

۷ .۴ . ۴ s=0.87fy Asv/(0.4b)=0.87×250×56/(0.4×230)=132mm
= 130mm <.75 ×340and <300mm
130mm -۲ ∅ 6mm ‫؛‬

Ld=47 φ =47 × 12=564mm < 1.3 M1/V +L0 :

b۳.۶.۴
)Ast1= 2- # 12=256mm2( M1 = Ast1
415×226
M1=0.87×415×226×340(1- 20× 230× 340( 10-6 = 26.1kN. 𝑚
b۳.۰.۴ V=Vu.max=52.4kN
=bs L0=Ld/3 - bs/2
L0=564/3-230/2=73mm ‫؛‬ bs=230mm
1.3𝑀1
Ld = +L0=1.3x26.1x1000/52.4+73= 720mm
𝑉
‫؛‬ 564mm<720mm

۰۱
b۰.۷.۴ fs=0.58 X 415×289/339=205 N/mm2
(Pt)prov=100×339/(230×340)=0.43%
α1= 1.5 fs=205N/mm2 Pt=0.43%
۰.۷.۴
rb=20 L/d
a۰.۷.۴ d=2500/(20×1.5)=84mm<<340mm

41.9×2.5/2=52.4kN= C12 C6 = ۰۰

210
۰۷۴ .fx=fy/(1.5×1.15) 0.58 b۰.۷.۴ ۰
290N/mm2 fs Fe250 Fe415،Fe500
145N/mm2 240N/mm2
۰۷۴ 𝑝𝑡 ) = 100 × 289/(230 × 340) = 0.37%)
α1=1.4 fs=240N/mm2 (pt)=0.37%
‫؛‬ d = 2500/(20 × 1.4) = 89mm < 340𝑚𝑚

α1=1 pt=1% fs=240N/mm2 Fe415

L/d ۰ pt
۰۶ L/d ۲۱

Mur max=73.4KN.m 230 × 280)𝑚𝑚)

. Mu=32.7K.m
Mu(=32.7KN.m) Mur.max=(42.91KN.m 230𝑚𝑚 × 300𝑚𝑚
4-#12mm 406mm2
pt=0.43% pt=0.75%

B27

B27 ۰
EC=1 ۲
L = 2.5m = 2500mm ۳
b=230mm , D=380mm, d'=40mm, d=340mm ۴
C-1 20mm =
20mm 8mm
d'= 20+8+20/2 = 38mm، 40mm
D-d'= 380-40 = 340mm=

211
 B27

1.25m = ۵
a۰.۳.۵ wS1=weqb1=(w Lx/6) =6×2.5/6=2.5kN/m S2
ws2=12.45×3.26/2=20.3kN/m
ww=5×3.2=16.0kN/m
weqb=5×2.5/3=4.17 kN/m : S5
wb=1.6kN/m
c۵ ۲.۳.۷ w=) S2+ + + + :

w=(2.5+20.3+16.0+4.17+1.6)=44.6 kN/m
(wu)Left = 1.5×44.6 =66.9kN/m 1.25m
1.25m =

ws1=2.5kN/m S2
ws2=0
ww=5×3.2=16.0 kN/m 3.2m
weqb =5×2.5/3=4.17 kN /m : S5
wb=1.60 kN / m :
w=24.27kN /m :
(wu)right=1.5× 24.27 = 36.4 kN/m 1.25m
۰.۳.۷

B27 ۰۳۷
۶
B5

RB=[66.9×1.252/2+36.4×1.25×(1.25+1.25/2)]/2.5=55kN
RA=66.9×1.25+36.4×1.25-55=74KN : B10
xmax=74/66.9=1.1m : A
Mu = 74×1.1-66.9×1.12/2= 41kN.m
Mur.max= 73.4 kN.m ) B26 ( >Mu=41kN.m

212
 B27

۷
0.5×20 4.6×41×106
Ast= [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402] × 230 × 340 = 371𝑚𝑚2
415

2 - # 10mm 4-# 12mm

B26
Vu.max= RA= 74 kN ۸
۰.۳.۷ VuD=74-66.9× (230/2 + 340)/1000 = 43.6kN< Vur.min(=70.77kN)
130mm Ø6mm B26

: ۹
۹ ۳.۳.۷ L0=73mm Ld=564mm .#12mm
M1=41 kN.m V=Vu.max = 55kN Ld=1.3M1/V +L0
1.3×41×100
b۳.۶.۴ ، 564mm<1042mm= +73
55

۰۱
L/d = 2500/340 <20
B10=74kN B5 =55kN ۰۰

B11

B11 ۰
EC=1 ۲
L = 4.5m = 4500mm ۳
230mm×380mm, d=340mm, Df = 130mm ) S4( : ۴
۵
) ( S4 1.6kN/m=

wslab= 6.5kN/m2, Lx=4.5m

۳.۳.۵ wu=1.5(2×weqb+ws)=1.5(2×wLx/3+ws)=1.5(2×6.5×4.5/3+1.6)=31.65kN/m
۴.۳.۵ wus=1.5(2×6.5×4.5/4+1.6)=24.3kN/m

213
 B11

۶
Mu=31.65×4.52/8=80.1kN.m
S4( T
.)
T
bf=L0/6+6Df+bw T
L0=L =4500mm :
۰.۳.۴ bf=(4500/6+6×130+230)=1760mm

۸.۳.۴ xu=Df

(Mur1)xu=Df=0.36×20×1760×130(340-
0.42×130)×106=470kN.m>Mu
( xu<Df

۵.۳.۴ 0.5 × 20 4.6 × 80.1 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = √
[1 − 1 − ] × 1760 × 340 = 669𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 1760 × 340 2

4-#16mm
Ast=804mm2
2-#10mm
𝑙 4.5
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑤𝑢 2 = 24.3 × = 54.7 𝑘𝑁 ۸
2

Ast1=Ast=804mm2, Pt=100×804/(230×340)=1.03%
۰.۰.۴ τuc=0.626N/mm2، Pt=1.03% M 20
۸.۴.۴ Vuc=0.626×230×340/1000=48.9kN
Vusv.min=0.4×230×340/1000=31.28kN
Vur.min=48.9+31.28=80.18kN>Vu.max(=54.7kN).
130mm Ø6mm

۹
Ld=752mm = # 16mm
۰.۳.۷
415×804
M1=Mur=0.87×415×804×340× (1- 20×230×340(×10-6=77.64 kN.m
b۳.۰.۴
1.3×77.64×1000
Ld=( (+73=1918mm
b۳.۶.۴ 54.7

Ld=752mm<1918mm

214
 B11

۰۱

20 = L/d
(pt)provided=(100×804)/(230×340)=1.03%
fs=0.58×415×669/804=200N/mm2
b۰.۷.۴
α1=1.18, fs=200 N/mm2 Pt=1.03%
۰.۷.۴
α3=0.8 bw/bf =230/1760=0.13,
۳.۷.۴
𝐿 4500
d= =20𝑥1.18𝑥0.8=238mm<340mm
a۰.۷.۴ 𝛼3×1×𝐿/𝑑

C13 C12 =Vu max=54.7kN : ۰۰

B21, B20,B19

B19 ۰
EC=1 ۲
L = 10m = 10000mm ۳
d'=70mm ، D=700mm , b=230mm ۴
Df =130mm ، d=700-70=630mm
۵
2
w =6.5 kN/𝑚 ,Lx=4m ) ( S3
ws1=0.60× wLX=0.60×6.5×4= 15.60 kN/m2
wS2=0.55× (LX) W=0.55×6.5×4=14.30kN/m2

.) 5.1.1b) )0.55(
ww = 0 : –
wb=250× (0.7-0.13)=3.28 kN :) (
w=15.60+14.30+0+3.28=33.18 kN/m
wu=1.5×33.18=50kN/m

215
 B19

۶
2
Mu = 50×10 /8 = 625 kN.m T
L0=L=10000mm
bf=L0/(6+6Df+bw)=10000/6+6×130+230=2677mm
۸.۳.۴ (Mur1) xu=Df =0.36×fck×bf×Df×(d-0.42Df) : xu=Df
=0.36×20×2677×130(630-0.42×130)×10-6= 1441 kN.m > Mu (=625kN.m)
( xu<Df

۷
۵.۳.۴ 0.5×20 4.6×625×106
Ast= [1 − √1 − 20 × 2677 ×6302 ] 2677x630 =2849 mm2 )‫(ا‬
415

6-#25
3
2945 mm2=
b=[3+(3+1)]×25+2×8=191mm > 230 mm
۰.۳.۶
(20mm) = 25 mm =
C-1 C-1 20mm

8 mm
:
70 mm = 25 + 8 + 25 + 25/2 = 70.5 mm

۸
b۲.۶.۴
N1 = Nmax/3= 6/3 =2

(TPC)
𝐿 𝑁1
x1 = 2 (1-√𝑁 )
𝑚𝑎𝑥

N.َ1=2 :
Nmax=6
𝐿 2
x1= 2 (1-√6 ) = 0.211L=0.211 × 10=2.11m= 2110mm
)T.P.C(
12∅
۵.۶.۴
2110 – 630=1480mm = (APC)

216
 B19

۹
Vu.max = 50 × 10/2 = 250 kN
d
VuD=Vu.max - wu(bs/2+d)=250-50(230/2+630)/1000=212.8kN
Ast1

)i(
)ii(
)iii(

Ast1 =Ast.max=2945mm2
Pt=100Ast/bd=100×2945/ (230×630) =2.03%
۰.۰.۴ τuc=0.792N/mm2 Pt=2.03% M20

Vuc=(0.792×230×630/1000=114.76 kN
۸.۴.۴ Vusv.min=0.4×230×630/1000=57.96 kN
Vur.min=114.76+57.96=172.72 kN<VuD(=212.8 kN)

Vusv=Vus=VuD-Vuc=212.8-114.76=98.04kN
Asv=100mm2 Fe415 #8
0.87𝑓𝑦 ×𝐴𝑠𝑣 ×𝑑 0.87×415×100×630
𝑠= = = 232𝑚𝑚 =
𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣 998.04×1000

230mm<300mm<(0.75× 630)
230 mm 8#

217
 B19

Zone
a۲ ۳ ۶ Ls1 =(Vu.max-Vur.min)/wu=(250-172.72)/50=1.55m

Ns1= ((Ls1-bs)/2-50)/s1+1 =7
) 50 mm (

50mm (SP-34-3)
(50mm=S/2)
100mm
7

=230/2+50 +(7-1)× 230=1545mm

(S1/2=230/2=)115mm + 7

=1545+115=1660mm
Ls1=1550mm 1660mm
Vu =0.5Vuc Zone
0.5Vuc Vu

Zone

c۲ ۳ ۶ Ls3=0.5Vus/wu=0.5×114.76/50=1.147m

𝐿 10000
𝐿𝑠2 = 2 - 𝐿𝑠1 = – 1545 - 1147= 2308 mm
2
)Asv=56mm2( ∅ 6mm 250

0.87×250×56
۷.۴.۴ 𝑆 = = 130mm<(0.75×630) 300mm
(0.4×230)
130 mm ∅ 6mm

218
 B19

۹
392mm #8mm
300mm
∅6mm
300mm ∅6mm
300mm 0.75d
=
𝑁𝑠2 = 𝐿𝑠1 +𝐿𝑠2 -
(1550+2308−1545)
Nos = =18.
130

=1545+18×30= =
3885mm

10000
𝑁𝑠3 = ( 2
)− 3885/300=4 Nos

Nos(0.5)

#8mm ۰۴ = 2×7= 14 Nos

∅ 6mm ۴۴ = (2×18 )+(2×4 )=44Nos of ∅ 6mm
=12×230+36×130+8×300+230+100=10170mm =
10170 ≅ 10000𝑚𝑚 10000mm

2- #25mm

As1 =4 of #25 = 4× 491=1964mm2

۰.۴.۴
𝜏uc=0.69 N/mm2 Pt= (100×1964) (230×630) = 1.35%
0.69×230×630
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = =100 kN
1000
Vusv.min=57.96 kN
Vur.min=100+57.96=157.96 kN < Vu D=212.8 kN

Vus=Vu D-Vuc=212.8-100=112.8 kN

219
 B19

(𝑉𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑉𝑢𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) 250−157.96

𝐿𝑠1 = =( )=1.84𝑚 = 1840𝑚𝑚
𝑊𝑢 50
2d(=2 × 630 = 1260 mm
d

۴۵۵ 2d

2d =2× 630 = 1260 mm

d
= 2 × 630 + 630 = 1890 mm > 1840 mm
45⁰ Ast = 491 mm #25 mm
𝑠𝑖𝑛 45⁰
Vusb=0.87 fy Asb sinα = 0.87×415 ×491 × =125.33 kN < 𝑉us⁄2 ( = 56.4 kN)
۴.۴.۴ 1000

𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣 = 0.5𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 0.5 × 112.8 = 56.4 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛

Vusv.min (=57.96 kN)
1260 mm
Vu = 250 – 50 × 1.26 187 kN
#25mm
=100 kN Vuc
#25mm

Vus = 187 – 100 = 87 kN

Vusb = 125.33 kN

Vusb<0.5 Vus Vus

0.5Vus = 0.5×87 = 43.6 kN

Vusv.min = 57.96 kN

220
 B19

130mm ∅6mm Fe250

250 – 114.76
( 2 ) = 3.852 𝑚 = 3852 𝑚𝑚
50
230
3852− −50
Ns1 = 2
+ 1 = 29 ∅6mm
130
(29−1)×130+230
= + 50 = 3805 𝑚𝑚
2

3805+130
= 3870 mm
2
3835𝑚𝑚 < 3870𝑚𝑚
1.47m

5000 – 3805
Ns3 = ( ) = 4Nos
300
= (29 + 4) × 2 = 66 ∅6mm
3800mm 130 mm ∅6mm
300mm ∅6mm 2400 mm

= 2 × (29 − 1) × 130 + (2 × 4) × 300 + 2 × 50 + 230 = 10010𝑚𝑚 ≅ 10000𝑚𝑚

230
+ 630 = 745
2

𝑉𝑢𝐷 = 250 – 50 × 0.745 = 212.8 𝑘𝑁

#25mm 4 2
Vuc = 100 kN VuD = 212.8 kN,
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 212.8 – 100 = 112.8 𝑘𝑁
Vusv = Vus = 112.8 kN Vusb = 0

221
 B19

#8 mm Fe415 APC = 2110 – 630 = 1480 mm

(Asy = 100 mm2 )
0.87 × 415 × 100 × 630
𝑆= = 200 𝑚𝑚
112.8 × 1000
#25 mm ۴
250 – 157.86
𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 157.96 𝑘𝑁 𝐿𝑠1 = = 1.84 𝑚
50
TPC
2110 mm
APC = 2110-630 1480mm =
۶.۴.۴
۲.۳.۲.۲
۶
۲
* TPC
۳

۰.۵
𝑉𝑢 = 250 – 50 × 2.11 = 144.5 𝑘𝑁 TPC
𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 1.5 × 144.5 = 216.75𝑘𝑁 =
𝐴sv = 100mm2 #8mm Fe 415
0.87×415×100×630
𝑠=( ) = 190𝑚𝑚
116.75×100
2110mm 1480mm APC TPC

1480mm 200mm #8
190mm
630mm TPC APC
Ls1 < 2110mm TPC 190mm

1840mm
250 − 50 × 2.11 = 144.5 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 (= TPC
∅6𝑚𝑚 TPC 157.96𝑘𝑁)
130mm
2110mm #8mm
230
210 − 2 − 50
𝑁𝑠𝑙 = ( + 1) = 12𝑁𝑜𝑠
190

222
 B19

230
+ 50(12 − 1) × 190 = 2225mm > 2110𝑚𝑚
2
1147mm
10000
− 2255 − 1147 = 1598𝑚𝑚 =
2
1598
N𝑠2 = = 12𝑁𝑜𝑠 ∅6mm
130

= 2255 + 130 × 12 = 3815𝑚𝑚

10000
−3815
( 2
)=4 =
300

22×190+24×130+8×300+230+100=1030 mm

Vur.min=157.96kN Vu=144.5 kN TPC

190mm #8mm 65mm ∅6mm

d/8β 190mm

β=
2 1
β=6=3
630 1
𝑠≤ × 3 = 236 > 190𝑚𝑚
8
APC #8mm
200mm 1480mm
#8mm
190mm 630mm TPC APC
190mm TPC

223
 B19

E Legs
∅ 6mm 174mm #8mm E=230-2×25-8 = 172mm
A Legs
∅ 6mm 644mm #8mm A=700-2×25-8=642 mm
=2(A+E) +24Ø = 2(642+172) + 24×8 = 1820 mm = 8mm
= 2(644+174) + 24×6 =1780mm = ∅ 6mm
IS = 0.785×cm2 ×1m= # 8mm
۲۵۱۲ = 0.785 × )π×82/4)/100 = 0.395kg/m𝜋
VIII = 0.395×1820/1000=0.72kg/No = 8mm
=0.785×28.27/100 =0.22 kg/m = ∅ 6mm
=0.22×1780/1000 =0.39 kg/No = ∅ 6mm
=0.785(π ×252/4)/100 = 3.853 kg/m = 25mm
– =
)=6∅) 90°
=L+bs-2∅ ) +2×6×Ø=10000+230-2×25+2(6×25))

= 10480mm = 10.48m

44 ɸ6mm 14 #8mm =
14×0.72+44×0.39=27.24 kg =
=

=6×3.853×10.48=242.3 kg
242.3+27.24=269.54 kg =

=
)1.414 - 1( ×

25+6+25+25/2=68.5 mm

224
 B19

25+6+25/2=43.5mm
=
= 700 – 68.5 – 34.5 = 588 mm
=

=588(1.414-1)×2=486mm≅490mm
10480+490=10970mm=10.97m =
3.853(4×10.48+2×10.97) = 246 kg =
0.39×66=25.74 kg = ɸ 6mm ۶۶
246+25.74=271.74 kg =

2(10000/2-1480)=7040mm=7.04m =
3.853(4×10.48+2×7.04) =215.77kg =
∅6mm ۳۲ #8mm ۲۴ =
24×0.72+32×0.39=29.76kg =

215.77+29.76 = 245.53kg =

:
kg

269.54 27.24 242.3 I

271.74 25.74 246.5 II
245.53 29.76 215.77 III

9% I III
II I

۱۱
Vu.max = 250 kN =
250 kN = C18,C17,C16,C10,C9,C8

225
 ۲.۳.۳.۷

– B1

B1 ۱
EC=2 . ۲
L = 4.0m = 4000mm ۳
۴
d=340mm b=230mm , D=380mm , d'=40mm
20mm=
C-1
. 20mm 8mm
′
d = 20 + 8 + 20/2 = 38mm ≅ 40mm
D-d'=380-40=340mm =
۵
) ( S2 + 1m +
2.5
𝑊𝑢 = 1.5(1.6 + 5.0 + 6 × ) = 21.15 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚
2
۶

wuL 2 21.15×42
Mu.max = = = 33.84 kN. m
10 10

۲.۳.۷ Mur.max = 73.4 kN. m > 𝑀𝑢 = 33.84 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

۷
Ast = 339mm2 3#12mm

b = 3 × 12 + (3 + 1) × 20 + 2 × 6 = 128mm < 230𝑚𝑚

d′ = 20 + 8 + 20/2 = 32mm < 40mm

d=380-32=348mm>340mm =

226
 B1

0.5×20 4.6×33.84×106
A st = [1 − √1 − ] × 230 × ۷
415 20×230×3402

340=300mm2
Ast = 300mm2 > Ast.mim (= 160mm2 )

B2
2#10+1#12 ( )+ 2-#10 2# 10+1-#12) (
1-#12( ) B2
2#12+1#12
2-#12 ) ( 2-#12

۸
)a(
Vu.max = 0.6 wu L = 0.6 × 21.15 × 4 = 50.8 kN
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = 2 − #12 + 2 − #10 , Vur.min = 60.93 kN ( 2-#12 )
۰.۳.۷
130mm ∅6
)b(
Vu.max = 0.45 wu L = 0.45 × 21.15 × 4 = 38.1 kN < Vur.min (
= 60.93kN 2 − #12)
130mm ∅6

C2 = Vu.max = 50.8 kN

C1 = 38.1 kN

227
 – B6

B6 ۱
EC=2 ۲
L=4m ۳
230mm × 380mm ۴
۵
) ( S3 + ) ( S2 +
2.5
Wu = 1.5(1.6 + 6 × + 6.5 × 4.0/6) = 20.15 kN ⁄m
2
۶
20.15 .42
𝑀𝑢 = = 32.24 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10
۷
32.24 kN.m < 𝑀𝑢𝑟 = 37.8𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 3#12
۰۳۷
Mu < Mur = 42.24 kN.m 2#10+2#12
B7
2#10+1#12 ( )+
2-#10 2#10
1#12/2.7m ( )
2#12 ) ( 2-#12+1#12* 2#12

: ۸
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2#10 + 2#12
۰۳۷ Vu.max = 0.6 w𝑢 𝐿 = 0.6 x20.15 × 4 = 48.36 kN < Vur.min (= 68.38 kN)
130mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
Ast = 2 − #12
Vu.max = 0.45 × 20.15 × 4 = 36.27 kN < Vur.min (= 60.93 kN)
130mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
۹
C8 0.6[1.5(1.6 + 6.0 × 2.5/2) ] × 4 = 32.8 kN =

C7 0.45[1.5(1.6 + 6 × 2.5/2)] × 4 = 24.6 kN =

228
 – B12

B12 ۱
EC=2 . ۲
L = 4m ۳
230mm × 380mm : ۴
۵
) ( S3 + +
wu = 1.5(1.6 + 5 + 6.5 x 4/6) = 16.4 kN⁄m
۶
16.4 × 42
Mu = = 26.24 kN. m
10
۷
2#12
Mur = 26.10 kN. m ≅ 26.24 kN. m
۰۳۷ Mur = 30.77 kN.m ، 2#10 + 1#12

B13
2#10+1#12/2.7m( ( 2#10 2#10
2-#12 2#12
2#12

: ۸
Vu.max = 0.6 × 16.4 × 4 = 39.36kN
۰۳۷ Ast1 = 2 − #10 + 2 − #12 , Vur.min = 68.38 kN
130mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
Vu.max = 0.6 × 16.4 × 4 = 29.5kN
Vur.min = 68.38 kN A st1 = 2 − #10 + 2#12
130mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
۹
C16 0.6 [ 1.5 (1.6 + 5)] × 4 = 23.8 kN = (a)
C15 0.45 × 9.9 x 4 = 17.8 kN = (b)

229
 – B16

B16 ۱
EC=2 ۲
L = 4.5m ۳
d= 340mm 230mm × 380mm ۴
۵
) ( S4 + +
wu = 1.5(1.6 + 5 + 6.5 × 4.5/3) = 24.52 kN⁄m
wus = 1.5(1.6 + 5 + 6.5 × 4.5/4) = 20.9 kN⁄m
۶
24.52 × 4.52
𝑀𝑢 = 10
= 49.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
L
𝐿0 = 0.7 × 4500 = 3150 𝑚𝑚
𝐿0 3150
𝑏𝑓 = 𝐿0 = + 3𝐷𝑓 + 𝑏𝑤 = + 3 × 130 + 230 = 882 𝑚𝑚
12 12
۸۳۴ (𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑋𝑢 = 𝐷𝑓 = 0.36 × 20 × 882 𝑥 130 × (340 – 0.42 × 130)
× 10−6
𝑥𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓 = 235.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀 𝑢 = 49.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ;
۷
0.5×20 4.6×49.6×106
۵۳۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×882×3402 ] × 882 × 340=416 mm2
415

452mm2 = ، 4#12 mm ;
:
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.76 × 230 × 3402 × 10−6 = 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢 (49.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
‫؛‬
0.5×20 4.6×49.6×106
a۶ ۰ ۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402 ] × 230 × 340=460 mm2
415

1.35m B15 () ( 1#12 + 2#12;

) 1.35m ( 2.7m ) ‫ (ا‬1#16 + )
471 mm2 =
۷

2-#10+1#12 ( ( 2- #10 2#10

+ 1#16/2.7 m* ) (
3#12 3#12 + 1#12 3#12

230
 B16
: ۸
Ast = 471 mm2
V u.max = 0.6 × 20.9 × 4.5 = 56.40 kN
۰۳۷ < Vur.min (= 70.77kN ‫ه‬ Ast = 452 mm2 )
130 mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬

۰۳۷
Vu.max = 0.45 × 20.9 × 4.5 = 42.3 KN < Vur.min (= 66.30 kN 3#12 )
130 mm ∅6mm
۹
C19 56.4 kN =
C20 42.3 kN =

B4, B3, B2 ۳۳۳۷

B2, B3, B4 ۱
EC=3 ۲
L = 4 m = 4000 mm. ۳
۴
b=230mm, D=380mm, d'=40mm, d=340mm
wu = wus = 21.15 kN/m B1 ۵
۶
Wu L2 21.15 × 42
Mu = = = 28.2 kN. m < Mur.max (= 73.4 kN. m)
12 12
. ;
0.5×20 4.6×28.2×106
a۶ ۰ ۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402 ] × 230 × 340=246 mm2
415

339 mm2 = 3#12 mm ‫؛‬

۷
) B2 (
B1
B3

2#10+1#12 2-#10+1-#12
+1#12 ( 2- #10 +1#12
) B3 ( ) B1 (

2#12 2-#12 + 1#12 2-#12

231
 B4, B3, B2

( 2#12 + 2#10 = B3 .i
.)
B5 ‫ او‬B4 B4 .ii
B5 B5

: ۸
Ast1=2-#12 + 2-#10 :
21.15 × 4
۰۳۷ Vu.max = = 42.30 kN < Vur.min (=68.38 kN)
2
130 mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
۹
C2, C3, C4, C5 42.3 kN =

B9 , B8 , B7

B7, B8, B9 ۱
EC=3 ۲
L = 4.0 m = 4000 mm. ۳
230 mm × 380 mm ۴
: ۵
wu = wus = 20.15 kN/m B6
۶
20.15 ×42
Mu = = 26.9 kN. m < Mur.max = 73.4 kN. m
12
0.5×20 4.6×26.9×106
a۶ ۰ ۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402 ] × 230 × 340=234 mm2
415

234 𝑚𝑚2 ≅ 226 𝑚𝑚2 = 2#12 ‫؛‬

= 234 mm2 < 1#12+2#10
270 mm2
۰۳۷ 𝑀𝑢𝑟 = 30.77 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

232
 B9 , B8 , B7

B8 B6
2-#10+ 2- #10 2#10
*1#12/2.7 m *1-#12/2.7 m
2#12 2-#12 2-#12

1- ) B8 )B9 ,B8 ،) B8 ‫) د‬B7 *

2.7*m 1.35m #12
.
B10 B10 B9
: ۸
Ast1 = 2 − #10 + 1 − #12
۰۳۷ wu L 20.15 × 4.0
Vu.max = = = 40.3 kN < Vur.min (= 63 kN)
2 2
130 mm ‫∅ په‬6𝑚𝑚 ‫؛‬
۹
C11, C10, ‫ = په‬0.5[1.5(1.6 + 6× 2.5/2 )] × 4 = 27.30𝑘𝑁 =
C9, C8

B15, B14, B13 ) (

B13, B14, B15 ۱

EC=3 . : ۲
L = 4.0 m = 4000 mm. : ۳
230 𝑚𝑚 × 380 𝑚𝑚 d= 340 mm : ۴
: ۵
𝑤𝑢 = 16.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 . B12
۶
16.4× 42
𝑀𝑢 = = 21.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12
0.5×20 4.6×21.9×106
a۶ ۰ ۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×230×3402 ] × 230 × 340
415

= 188mm2 𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 (160𝑚𝑚2 )

233
 B15, B14, B13

B8 B6

2#10+ 2#10 +
( 2- #10
*1#12/2.7m *1-#12/2.7 m

2#12 2-#12 2-#12

: ۸
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = 2 − #10 + 1 − #12
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑤𝑢 × 𝐿⁄2 = 16.4 × 4⁄2 = 32.8 𝑘𝑁
۰۳۷ < 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 (60.93 𝑘𝑁 2#12 )
130 mm ∅6𝑚𝑚 ‫؛‬
۹
C18, C17, C16, C15 = 0.5[1.5(1.6 + 5) × 4] = 19.80kN

B22-B23 : ۴۳۳۷

B22-B23 : ۱

)i(
)ii(
)iii(

: ۲

L = 5 m = 5000 mm. ۳
: ۴
𝐷𝑓 = 130𝑚𝑚 , 𝑑 = 340 𝑚𝑚 , 𝑑’ = 40 𝑚𝑚, 230 𝑚𝑚 × 380 𝑚𝑚
۵
) DL( = = 1.5(𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿)
S3 –
. – ، L𝑥 = 4.0 m –
– ، 0.55 =
𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿 = 6.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 𝐷L = 5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

234
 B22-B23

S4 –
Lx = 4.5m ‫ او‬Ly = 5m :
B22-B23 –
– ، 0.6 =
𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿 = 6.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝐷𝐿 = 5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1
۵۳۵ 𝑘1 = 1 −
(3𝛽)2
1 𝐿𝑦 5.0
𝑘1 =1− = 0.73 ; 𝛽= = = 1.11
(3 × 1.11)2 𝐿𝑥 4.5
𝑤𝑏 = 1.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 :
=
𝑤𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) = 1.5( + 𝑆3 + 𝑆4)
𝑤𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 [1.6 + 0.55 × 6.5 × 4 + 0.6 × 6.5 × 4.5 × 0.73] = 43 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤𝑢.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐷𝐿 = [ 1.6 + 0.55 × 5 × 4 + 0.6 × 5.0 × 4.5 × 0.73] = 22.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
۶

𝑤𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐿2 43 × 52
𝑀𝑢 = = = 134.4 𝑘𝑁.
8 8

BC AB
B ‫؛‬
۰
۲

52
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 43 × = 134.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8
42
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 22.4 × = 70 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8

235
 B22-B23

:
C B A
CB BC BA AB
0.5 0.5 0
0 -70.0 134.4
-32.2 -32.2

0 -102.2 102. 2 0 kN.m

:
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 43 × 5/2 – 102.2/5 = 87.1 𝑘𝑁, 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 43 × 5 – 87.1 = 127.9 𝑘𝑁
87.1
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 2.02 𝑚 , 𝐿0 = 2 × 2.02 = 4.04𝑚
43
87.1 × 2.02
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥1 = = 88.0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
: : - III

Mmax2 = 88.0 kN.m ،

134.4 kN.m ‫؛‬
88 kN.m

٪ ۳۱
0.7 × 134.4 = 94.08𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 =
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 43 × 5/2 − 94.08/5 = 88.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑉𝐵𝐴 = 43 × 5 – 88.7 = 126.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
88.7
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 2.062𝑚 , 𝐿0 = 2 × 2.062 = 4.124𝑚
43
88.7 × 2.062
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 91.45 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

𝑊𝑢 𝐿 2
± =
10
43 × 52
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = ± 107.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 43 × 5/2 − 107.5/5 = 86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑉𝐵𝐴 = 43 × 5 – 86 = 129 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

236
 B22-B23

)a(
۷۳۲ 𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 134.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
. ;
𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 – 𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 134.4 – 73.4 = 61 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
:
a
𝑥𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48 × 340 = 163.2𝑚𝑚
a۳.۲.۴ 73.4 × 106
Ast1 = = 749 𝑚𝑚2
0.87× 415 × (340−0.42 × 163.2)
dc = 40mm
61 × 106
a۳.۲.۴ Ast2 = = 563 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 415 × (340−40)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 749 + 563 = 1312 𝑚𝑚2 ;

𝑑𝑐 40
۳.۲.۴ Asc sc = 1.063 × 563 = 599 mm2 = = 0.117
𝑑 340

b
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 88 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
‫؛‬
۱.۳.۴ 4040
𝑏𝑓 = + 6 × 130 + 230 = 1683𝑚𝑚
6
(𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑥𝑢𝐷𝑓 = 0.36 × 20 × 1683 × 130 (340 – 0.42 × 130) × 10−6
۸.۳.۴
= 449.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 (= 88 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
b=bf 𝑥𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓 ‫؛‬
𝑀20 − 𝐹𝑒415 𝑑 = 048 × 340 = 163𝑚 , 𝑥𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48

۱.۱.۴ 𝑑 = 163𝑚 > 𝐷𝑓

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 88 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ] × 1683 × 340 = 737 𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 1683 × 3402

)c(
𝐴𝑠𝑡
mm2
1312 ……..
599 737

237
 B22-B23

۳۱
)a(
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 94.08 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 , 𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.6 – 0.3 = 0.3
𝑥𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.3 × 340 = 102𝑚𝑚
‫؛‬ ٪ ۳۱
d۵.۱.۴
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = [0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 ( 1 − 0.42 𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 )] 𝑏𝑑 2
= [0.36 × 20 × 0.3(1 − 0.42 × 0.3)]230 × 3402 × 10−6
= 50.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
‫؛‬
𝑀 𝑢2 = 94.08 – 50.2 = 43.88 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

50.2 × 106
Ast1 = = 468 mm2
0.87 × 415 × (340−0.42 × 102)

43.88 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = = 405 𝑚𝑚2
[0.87 × 415 × ( 340 − 40)]

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 468 + 405 = 873 𝑚𝑚2

𝑑𝑐 40
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1.063 × 405 = 431 𝑚𝑚2 ، = = 0.117
𝑑 340
)b(
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 91.45 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
;
۱.۳.۴ 4124
𝑏𝑓 = ( ) + 6 × 130 + 230 = 1697 𝑚𝑚
6
𝑏𝑓 = 1683𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓
b = bf xu<Df ‫؛‬

0.5×20 4.6×91.45×106
Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×1697×3402] × 1697 × 340 = 766 mm2
415

Ast
mm2
873 ……..
431 766

238
 B22-B23

𝑤𝑢𝐿 2
( )
10
)a(
𝑤𝑢.max × 𝐿2 43 × 52
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 107.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 (= 0.8 × 134.4)
10 10
) ۲۱٪ (
𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.6 – 0.2 = 0.4 , 𝑥𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.4 × 340 = 136 𝑚𝑚

Mur.limit = 0.36× 20 × 0.4(1-0.42 × 0.4) × 230 × 3402 × 10-6= 63.7 kN.m

‫؛‬
𝑀𝑢2 = 107.5 – 63.7 = 43.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

63.7 × 106
Ast1 = = 624 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 415 × (340−0.42 × 136)
43.8 × 106
Ast2 = = 404 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 415 × (340−40)
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 = 624 + 404 = 1028 mm2
𝑑𝑐 40
۳.۲.۴ 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1.063 × 404 = 430 𝑚𝑚2 = = 0.117
𝑑 340
: )b(
𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 107.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 73.38 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 (
= 2.76 × 230 × 0.342 )

𝐿0 = 0.7𝐿 = 0.7 × 5000 = 3500 𝑚𝑚

𝑏𝑓 = ( 3500/6 + 6 × 130) + 230 = 1593 𝑚𝑚
(𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑥𝑢 = 𝐷𝑓 = 0.36 × 20 × 1593 × 130 (340 – 0.42 × 130)
× 10−6 = 425 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢. 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (= 107.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
𝑥𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓
0.5×20 4.6×107.5×106
Ast = [1 − √1 − 20×1593×3402] × 1593 × 340 = 766 mm2
415

)c(

mm2 Ast

1028 …… …..
430 908 ……
2-#10+3-#20 2-#10 2#10
2-#20 3-#20 3#20
1099 157 157 Ast
628 942 942

239
 B22-B23

kN kN.m

BA AB BA AB
127.9 87.1 -134.4 88.00 0
126.3 88.7 -94.1 91.45 0 ۳۱٪
129.0 86.0 -107.5 107.5 0

𝑚𝑚2

1312 …….
599 737
873 ……. ۳۱٪
431 766
1028 …….
430 908

۸
‫؛‬ S4

۶.۳.۵
k1 = [1-1/(2β)] = [1-1/(2 x 1.11)] = 0.55=
𝑆4 + 𝑆3

𝑊𝑢𝑠 = 1.5 [ 1.6 + 0.5 × 6.5 × 4 + 0.6 × 6.5 × 4.5 0.55 ] = 38.3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑢𝐿 2
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.6 𝑤𝑢𝑠 𝐿 = 0.6 × 38.3 × 5 = 114.9 𝑘𝑁 ، 10
100 × 1099
۱.۴.۴ Ast1 = 1099 mm2 , pt = ( ) = 1.4% , τuc = 0.7 N⁄ mm2
230 × 340
0.7 × 230 × 340
Vuc = = 54.74 kN
1000
0.4 × 230 × 340
Vusv.min = = 31.28 kN
1000

240
 B22-B23

𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 54.74 + 31.28 = 86.02 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 (= 119.7 𝑘𝑁)

0.23
𝑉𝑢𝐷 = 119.7 – 38.28 ( + 3.40) = 102.3 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 (
2
= 86.02 𝑘𝑁)

𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢𝐷 – 𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 102.3 – 54.74 = 47.6 𝑘𝑁

.(Asv =100 mm2( Fe415 #8mm
0.87 × 415 × 100 × 340
𝑠 = = 250mm<(0.75d 300mm)
(47.6 × 1000)
: 𝐿𝑠1
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 – 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 119.7 − 86.02
𝐿𝑠1 = = = 0.88𝑚
𝑤𝑢𝑠 38.3
) ۵( 250mm #8mm

130mm ∅6𝑚𝑚 900𝑚𝑚

.

𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.45 𝑤𝑢𝑠 𝐿 = 0.45 × 38.3 × 5 = 86.2 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = 3 − #20 = 942 𝑚𝑚2
100 × 942
۱.۴.۴ 𝑝𝑡 = = 1.2% , 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.66 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2
230 × 340
0.66 × 230 × 340
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = = 51.6 𝑘𝑁
1000
𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 51.6 + 31.28 = 87.9 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 31.28 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛
۱.۳.۷
130𝑚𝑚 ∅6𝑚𝑚 − 2
۹
100 𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 × 942
𝑃𝑡 % = = = 0.17%
𝑏𝑓 𝑑 1593 × 340
= 232 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚 2
0.58 × 415 × 908
۰۷۴ 𝛼1 = 1.9 𝑓𝑠 = 942
𝑏𝑤 230
𝛼3 = 0.8 = = 0.14 < 0.3
۳۷۴ 𝑏𝑓 1593
5000
d = 26 x 1.9 x 0.8 126 mm < 340𝑚𝑚

۱۱
C13 Vu.max = 114.9 kN :
C19 ‫ او‬C11 Vu.max = 86.2 kN

241
 B24-B25 ۷۳۳

B24-B25 : ۱
: ۲
–
L = 5 m = 5000 mm. : ۳
d= 340 mm , d = 40 mm , 230 mm × 380 mm : ۴
: ۵
S4

𝑤 𝑢.𝑒𝑞𝑏 = 1.5 × [1.6 + 5 + 0.45 × 6.5 × 4.5 (1 − 3×1.112 )] = 24.3 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

1

1
𝑤 𝑢.𝑒𝑞𝑠 = 1.5 × [1.6 + 5 + 0.45 × 6.5 × 4.5 (1 − 2×1.11 )] = 20.8 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
۶
۷ ۲۳۷ 24.3× 52
𝑀𝑢 = = 60.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10

𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 0.8 × 24.32
𝑀𝑢 = = 60.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = ( ) ۲۱
10 8
𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.4
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.36 × 20 × 0.4 × (1 – 0.42 × 0.4) × 230 × 3402 ×
10−6 = 63.7 kN.m>Mu (= 60.75 kN.m)
. ‫؛‬

0.5×20 4.6×60.75×106
Ast = [1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 340=587 mm2
415 20×230×3402

𝑀𝑢 = 60.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐿0 = 0.8 × 5000 = 4000 𝑚𝑚 L ‫؛‬
4000
۰۳۴ 𝑏𝑓 = + 3 × 130 + 230 = 953 𝑚𝑚
12
xu= Df
۸۳۴ 𝑀𝑢𝑟1 = 0.36 × 20 × 953 × 130(340 – 0.42 × 130) × 10−6 =
= 254.6kN.m > Mu ,
xu > Df

242
 B24-B25

0.5×20 4.6×60.75×106
۰ ۳۴ Ast = [1 − √1 − ] × 953 × 340 = 512 mm2
415 20×953×3402

Ast
587 mm2 ……….
………. 512 mm2

2-#12+2-#16* 2-#12
2-#10+1#16 2-#10+1-#16+1#16 ( )

Ast
mm2
628 226
358 559 mm2

1250 mm *

: ۸
: )a(
Vu.max = 0.6 wu L = 0.6 x 20.8 x 5 = 62.4 kN
۰۳۷
Vur.min = 69.17 kN Ast1 =2-#16 Ast1 = 628 mm2
130 mm ∅6mm ‫؛‬
۰۳۷

۹
𝐿 5000 𝐿
‫؛‬ = 26 ≪ = 14.7 =
𝑑 340 𝑑
46.8kN = C12 C20 : ۱۱
62.4kN = C14

243
 B17- B18

230 mm × 700 mm B17

230 mm × 380 mm B18
230 mm × 700 mm B17
230 mm × 700 mm B18
230 mm × 380 B18 230 mm × 700 mm B17
mm
B17 - B18 ۱
A BC AB ABC ۲
B C
BC=2.5 m ‫ او‬AB= 10 m ۳
۴
d'=70mm, d=630mm , Df = 130mm , 230mm x700mm: AB
d'=40mm, d=340mm , Df = 110mm , 230mm x380mm: BC
۵
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿), 𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐷𝐿
AB
S3
25 x 23 (0.70 − 0.13) = 3.28 kN/m =
5 kN =
2 2
۵۳۲۷ 1.5 kN/m = ، 5 kN/m = ، 6.50 kN/m2 = S3
wmax = 1.5(3.28 + 5 + 0.45 − 6.5 − 4) = 30.0 kN/m
wmin = (3.28 + 5 + 0.45 × 5 × 4) = 17.3 kN/m
BC
S2 S1
۵۰۲۷ = 5.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ،0.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ، 4.25 kN/m2 = S1
2 2 2
۵۲۲۷ = 6.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 ،1.5 kN/m = ،4.50 kN/m = S2
a۰ ۳ ۷ = wLx /6
c۵ ۳ ۲ ۷ 1.6 kN/m =
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5(1.6 + 5 + 5.00 𝑥 1 + 6.0 𝑥 2.5/6) = 21.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1.6 + 5 + 4.25 𝑥 1 + 4. 5 𝑥 2.5/6) = 12.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

244
 B17- B18

‫ مسلسل بيم‬B17 : ‫اوله چاره‬

:(230mmx380mm) B18 ‫( او‬230mmx700mm)

)M.D.M.(

BC AB

BC BC AB ۵۲۳
BC

𝐾 = (2 × 230 × 7003 /12)/10000 = 1315 × 103 𝑚𝑚2 AB

𝐾 = (230 × 3803 /12)/2500 = 421 × 103 𝑚𝑚2 BC ۶
𝑑𝐵𝐶 = 1 − 0.76 = 0.24, 𝑑𝐵𝐴 = 1315/(1315 + 421) = 0.76

w2 = 21.2 kN/m BC ، w1 = 30.0 kN/m AB ‫په‬

MFBA = 30.0 x 102/8 = 375.0 kN. m

M FBC = 21.2 x 2.52/8 = 16.6 kN. m

C B
CB BC BA AB
- 0.24 0.76 0
-16.6 375.0
-86.0 -272.4 (FEM)
0 -102.6 102.6 0

245
 B17- B18

VAB = 30 × 10/2 – 102.6/10 = 139.74 kN

VAB = 30 × 10/2 + 102.6/10 = 160.26 𝑘𝑁
VBC = 21.2 × 2.5/2 + 102.6/2.5 = 67.54 kN
VAB = 21.2 × 2.5/2 – 102.6/2.5 = −14.54 𝑘𝑁
AB
BC AB

w1= 30.0 kN/m AB

w2 = 12.7 kN/m BC

𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 375.0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

MFBC = 12.7 x 2.52 /8 = 9.9 kN. m

C B A
CB BC BA AB
- 0.24 0.76 -
0 -9.9 375.0 0
- -87.6 -277.5
0 -97.5 97.5 0

VAB = 30 x 10/2 – 97.5/10 = 140.25 kN

VAB = 30 x 10/2 + 97.5/10 = 159.75 kN
VBC = 12.7 x 2.5/2 + 97.5/2.5 = 54.87 kN
VCB = 12.7 𝑥 2.5/2 – 97.5/2.5 = −23.12 𝑘𝑁
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 140.25/30 = 4.675𝑚, 𝐿0 = 2 𝑥 4.675 = 9.35 𝑚
= 140.25 𝑥 4.675/2 = 327.82 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 AB
1.252
= −23.12 x 1.25 – 12.7 x = BC
2
−38.8 kN. m =
BC
BC AB

w1 = 21.2 kN/m BC ، w1 = 17.3 kN/m AB

246
 B17-B18

MFBA = 17.3 x 102/8 = 216.2 kN. m

MFBA = 21.2 x 2.52/8 = 16.6 kN. m

C B A
CB BC BA AB
- 0.24 0.76 -
0 -16.6 216.2 0
- -47.9 -151.7

0 -64.5 64.5 0
C
VCB = 21.2 x 2.5/2 − 64.5/2.5 = 0.7 kN
VCB = 21.2 x 2.5/2 + 64.5/2.5 = 52.3 kN
= 0.7 𝑥 2.5/2 – 21.2 𝑥 1.252 /2 = −15.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 =

C B A
0 -38.8 -102.6 327.83 0 kN.m
- II I II -
0.7 -23.12 67.54 160.26 140.25 kN
III II I I II

۷
𝑀𝑢 = 327.83 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 AB
L

𝑏𝑓 𝐿0
𝐿0 = 9.35 𝑚 = 9350 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑓 = 9350/12 + 3 𝑥 130 + 230 = 1399 𝑚𝑚.
𝑥𝑢 = 𝐷𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝑟1 = 0.36 × 20 𝑥 1399 × 130 × (630 − 0.42 × 130) × 10−6
= 753 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 327.82 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑥𝑢 < 𝐷𝑓

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 327.83 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ] × 1399 × 630 = 1495 𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 1399 × 6302

247
 B17-B18

۷۲۳۷ 𝑀𝑢 = 102.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 i

𝑑 = 340 𝑚𝑚 230𝑥380 𝑚𝑚 BC i
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑢 (= 102.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
𝑥𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48 × 340 = 163.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢2 = 102.6 – 73.4 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

73.4 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = = 749𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 415 × (340 − 0.42 × 163.2)
29.2 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 0.87 × 415 × (340−40) = 270𝑚𝑚2
749 + 270 = 1019 𝑚𝑚2 =

۳۲۴ 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1.065 𝑥 270 = 288 𝑚𝑚2 𝑑𝑐/𝑑 = 0.12

230 × 700 mm )i(

Mur.max = 2.76 × 230 × 6302 × 10−6 = 251.9 kN. m > Mu (= 102.6 kN. m)

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 102.6 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 630 = 485 𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 230 × 6302
BC
)Sagging(

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 38.8 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 340 = 485 𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 230 × 3402

248
 B17-B18

C BC B AB A

𝑚𝑚2 Ast
- 348 1019 485 - -
- - 288 - 1495 -

3#12 3#12 1+20* 1#20* 2#12 2#12 –

+1#20+3#12 +2#12

2#12 2#12 1+20* 3#12 1#20* 4#20*

+2#12 +2#12 +3#20+3#12
𝑚𝑚2 Ast
339 339 967 540 226 226
226 226 540 339 1595 1595
* ۳.۲.۲۶ *

۸
Vu.max = 140.25 kN ) 230mm × 700 mm(
Ast1 = 1595 mm2 , Pt = 100 × 1595/(230 × 630) = 1.1%
۰۴۴ 𝜏uc = 0.64 N/mm2 ,
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.64 × 230 × 630/1000 = 92.74 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0. 4 𝑥 230 × 630/1000 = 57.96 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 92.74 + 57.96 = 150.7 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 (= 140.25 𝑘𝑁)
.
Fe250 #6mm
s = 0.87 × 250/(0.4 × 230) = 130mm =
130mm ∅6mm
،) 230mm × 700 mm(
Vu.max = 160.26 kN , Ast1 = 540 mm2
P t = 100 × 540/(230 × 630) = 0.37%
۰۴۴ τ uc = 0.42 × N/ mm2
Vuc = 0.42 × 230 × 630/1000 = 60.86 kN
Vusv.min = 57.96 kN
Vur.min = 60.86 + 57.96 = 118.82 kN < Vu.max (= 160.26 kN)
VuD Vu.max

249
 B17-B18

VuD = 160.26 × – 30 × (0.115 + 0.63) = 137.91 kN > Vur.min

Vus = VuD – Vuc = 137.91 – 60.86 = 77.05 kN

Fe250 ∅6mm
s= 0.87 ×250 × 56.5 × 630/(77.05×1000 = 100mm =
Ls1 = ( Vu.max – Vur.min )/wu = ( 160.26 – 118.82 ) /30 = 1.38m
1.38m ∅6mm
130mm 100mm

) 230mm ×380 mm( –

Vu.max = 67.54 kN

A st1 = 967 mm2 , Pt = 100 × 967/(230 × 340) = 1.23% ,

۰۴۴ τuc = 0.66N/mm 2
Vuc = 0.666 × 230 × 340/1000 = 52.1 kN
Vusv.min = 0. 4 × 230 × 340/1000 = 31.28 kN
Vur.min = 52.1 + 31.28 = 83.38 kN > 𝑉u. max (= 67.54 kN)

130mm ∅6mm
C
BC
.

230mm × 700mm : ‫دويمه چاره‬

230mm × 700mm

AB
K = (2 × 230 × 7003 /12)/1000 = 1315 × 103 mm3
BC
3 3 3
K = ( 230 × 700 /12)/2500 = 2629 × x 10 mm

dAB = 1315 /(1315 + 2629) = 0.33 , dBC = 1 – 0.33 = 0.67

BC
B17 3.28 kN/m = B18
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 𝑥 (3.28 + 5 + 5 + 1 + 6 + 2.5/6 = 23.7 𝑘𝑁

250
 B17-B18

AB

𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3.28 + 5 + 4.25 + 4.5 + 2.5/6 = 14.4 𝑘𝑁

2.52
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 23.7 × = 18.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 , 𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 14.4 × 2.52 /8 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8

C B A
CB BC BA AB
- 0.67 0.33 -
0 -18.5 375.0 0
- -238.9 -117.6 -
0 - 257.4 257.4 0

V AB = 30 x 10/2 – 257.4/10 = 124.26 kN

V BA = 30 x 10/2 + 257.4/10 = 175.74 kN
V BC = 23.7 x 2.5/2 + 257.4/2 = 132.58 kN
V CB = 23.7 x 2.5/2 – 257.4/2 = −73.33 kN
AB
C B A
CB BC BA AB
- 0.67 0.33 -
0 -11.25 375.0 0
- -243.75 -120.0 -
0 -255.0 255.0 0

VAB = 30 × 10/2 – 257.4/10 = 124.26 kN

VBA = 30 × 10/2 + 257.4/10 = 175.74 kN
VBC = 23.7 × 2.5/2 + 257.4/2 = 132.58 kN
VCB = 23.7 × 2.5/2 – 257.4/2 = −73.33 kN
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 124.5/30 = 4.15 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 , 𝐿0 = 2 × 4.15 = 8.30 𝑚
Mmax = 124.5 × 4.15/2 = 258.3 kN. m
= BC
= −84 × 2.5/2 – 14.4 × 1.252/2 = −116.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

251
 B17-B18

BC
C B A
CB BC BA AB
- 0.67 0.33 -
0 -18.5 216.2 0
- -132.5 -65.2 -
0 -151.0 -151.0 0

𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 23.7 × 2.5/2 + 151.0/2.5 = 90.0 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝐶𝐵 = 23.7 × 2.5/2 – 151.0/2.5 = −30.80 𝑘𝑁
= BC
= −30.80 × 2.5/2 – 23.7 × 1.252 /2 = −57.0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 =

C B A

-116.26 -257.4 258.3 0

kN.m

-84.0 132.58 175.74 124.5 kN.

𝐵𝑓 = 8300/12 + 3 × 130 + 230 = 1312 𝑚𝑚

AB
:

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 258.3 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [ 1 − √1 − ] × 1312 × 630
415 20 × 1312 × 6302
= 1421 𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 251.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ≅ 257. 4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 :

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 257.4 × 106

Ast = [ 1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 630 = 1422 𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 230 × 6302
BC
Ast = 1422 𝑚𝑚2

Mu = −116.25 kN. m > Mur.max (= 256.9 kN. m)

252
 B17-B18

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 116.25 × 106

Ast = [ 1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 630 =
415 20 × 230 × 6302

556 𝑚𝑚2

: ‫دريمه چاره‬
AB
𝑏𝑓 = 10000⁄12 + 3 × 130 + 230 = 1453𝑚𝑚، 230𝑚𝑚 × 700𝑚𝑚
= 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 /8 = 30 𝑥 102 /8 = 375 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 =

0.5 𝑥 20 4.6 × 375 × 106

Ast = [ 1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 630
415 20 × 230 × 6302
= 1716 𝑚𝑚2
𝑤𝑢 = 21.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚, 230 𝑚𝑚 × 340 𝑚𝑚 BC
Mu = 21.2 × 2.52 /8 = 16.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
0.5 × 20 4.6 × 16.6 × 106
Ast = [ 1 − √1 − ] × 230 × 630
415 20 × 230 × 6302
= 141 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠𝑡. 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (160𝑚𝑚2 )
Ast = 160 𝑚𝑚2
223𝑚𝑚2 = 2-#12

BC AB
C B A

0 348 1019 485 - -

0 - 288 - 1495 -

- 556 1422 1422 - -

- - 1421 -

- - - *572 - -
- 160 - - 1716 -
B17-B18

253
 C B A
-23.12 67.54 160.26 140.25
-84.0 132.58 175.74 124.5
26.5 26.5 150.00 150.00

C B A
–
-38.8 -102.6 327.83 0

–
0 -116.25 -257.4 258.3 0

–
0 16.6 0 375.00 0

Step
BC
BC
۳ ۲.۵
BC
۴۷٪

BC AB

2-#12
Ld BA BC 1#20 mm
۰
۳
۹
26.5 kN= C1
150 kN= C7
26.5 kN= C7
150 kN= C15

254
 B5

B5 ۱
۲

L = 4.5 m =4500 mm. ۳

d = 340 mm d′ = 40 mm , 230 mm x 380 mm : ۴
۵
. (UDL)
4.5 – 3.145 = 1.355 m ≈1.36 m= B27
1.36m S2 = 𝑤𝑢1
= 1.5 ( 1.6 + 5 + 6 × 2.5/2) = 21.15 kN/m
(4.5 – 1.36 = ( 3.14 m B27
3.2m + = w2
۵۲۷ Ly/Lx = 1.3 S5
wu2= 1.5 ( 1.6 + 5 × 3.2 + 0.5 × 5 × 2.5 x [1-1/(3 × 1.32)] = 33.92 kN/m
B27 wu = 55 kN B27 ‫= د‬
۰۰ . 1.3m
۶

w AB

۲۳۷
MFBA=w k3(4-3k) L2/12 MFAB=w k2(3k2-8k+6) × L2/12

𝐿 = 4.5𝑚;
wu1=21.15kN/m ; wu2=33.92kN/m; wu3=55kN

255
 B5

B5 ۳۳۷

k1=1.36/4.5=0.3 ,k2=3.14/4.5=0.7 , a=1.36m ,b=3.14m

MFAB=wu1k12 (3k12-8k1+6)× L2/12 + wu2k23(4-3k2)L2/12+ wuab2/L2
=21.15 x 0.32(3 × 0.32 -8 × 0.3 +6) × 4.52/12+33.92 × 0.73(4-3 x 0.7) ×
4.52/12+55 × 1.36 × 3.142/4.52=12.43+37.3+36.42=86.15kN.m
MFBA=wu2K22 (3k22-8k2+6) L2/12 +wu1k13(4–3k1) L2/12+wu a2b/L2
=33.92 × 0.72(3 × 0.72 -8 × 0.7 +6) × 4.52/12 +21.15 × 0.33 (4-3 × 0.3 )
× 4.52/12 +55 × 1.362 × 3.14 /4.52 =52.45+2.99+15.77=71.21kN.m
) C5 ( B4 B5
AO=4m 21.15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

MFAO = 21.15 x 42/12 = 28.20 kN.m

C5

(D.F) (RFS)
0.6 4EI/4=EI AO
1.67EI A
0.4 3EI/4.5=0.67EI AB

B A
BA AB AO
- 0.4 0.6 - (D.F)
71.21 -86.15 28.20 0
-71.21 -35.60 56.14
- 37.41
0 -84.34 84.34

256
 B5

C5 C6
۴۳۷

Vu.BA=[33.92×3.14×(4.5-3.14/2)+55×1.36+21.15×1.362/2]-84.3]4.5
= 71.6kN
Vu.AB=(21.15×1.36+33.92×3.14+55)-71.6=118.7kN

‫؛‬ xmax=Vu.BA/wu=71.6/33.92=2.11m B < 3.14𝑚

Mu.max=71.6 × 2.11/2 -0=75.5 kN.m
۷

Mu=75.5kN.m ≅ Mur.max

6
a۶.۱.۴ 0.5 × 20 4.6 × 75.5 × 10
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = ⌈1 − √1 − ⌉ × 230 × 340
415 20 × 230 × 3402

= 774 𝑚𝑚2

𝑀𝑢 = 84.34𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 73.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48 × 340 = 163.2 𝑚𝑚 .
𝑀𝑢2 = 84.34 − 73.4 = 10.94𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
73.4 × 106
a۳ ۲ ۴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = = 749𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 415 × (340 − 0.42 × 163.2)
10.94 × 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = = 101𝑚𝑚2
b۳ ۲ ۴ 0.87 × 415 × (340 − 40)
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 749 + 101 = 850 𝑚𝑚2 =
𝑑𝑐 /𝑑 = 40/340 = 0.12
۳۲۴ 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1.065 × 101 = 108 𝑚𝑚2

257
 B5

Ast
- - 850
- 774 108
#-N
2#12 2#12
2#12
2#12+2#20* 2#12+2#20*
2#12 ( ) ( )

226 226 854

226 854 226

Vu .max=118.7kN 𝑉𝑢𝐷 = 118.7 − 21.15 × (0.115 + 0.34) = 109.1𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑡 % = 100 × 854/(230 × 340) = 1.09%
۰۴۴ 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.638𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.638 × 230 × 340/1000 = 50𝑘𝑁
۸۴۴ 𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣. 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.4 × 230 × 340/1000 = 31.28𝐾𝑁
۹۴۴ 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 50.0 + 31.28 = 81.28 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢𝐷
. ‫؛‬
𝑉𝑢𝑠𝑣 = 109.1 − 50 = 59.1𝑘𝑁
. #8mm
۵۴۴ s = 0.87 × 415 × 100 × 340 /(59.1 × 1000) = 200 mm c/c
Ls1 = (Vu.max − Vur.min )/wu = (118.7 − 81.28)/21.15 = 1.77
> 1.36𝑚
a۲ ۳ ۶
. Ls1 = 1.36m ‫؛‬

𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 71.6𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑡 % = 226 × 100 / (230 × 340) = 0.29%
۰۴۴ 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.38 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.38 × 230 340/1000 = 29.27 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 29.7 + 31.28 = 60.99𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝐷 = 71.6 − 33.92 × (0.115 + 0.34) = 56.1 𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝑢𝑟.𝑚𝑖𝑛 (
= 60.99 𝑘𝑁)
. ‫؛‬
130mm ∅6𝑚𝑚

258
 B5

۹
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 854mm2 , Ast = 774mm2
𝑓𝑠 = 0.58 × 415 × 774/854 = 218𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑡 = 100 × 854/(230 × 340) = 1.09%
۰۷۴ α 1=1.05
𝑑 = 4500/(26𝑥1.05) = 165𝑚𝑚 < 340𝑚𝑚 :
۱۱
118.7 kN = C5
71.6 kN = C6

B10 –

B10 ۰
EC = 2 ۲
B5
S4 ‫؛‬ S4
)L(
L = 4.5 m =4500 mm ۳
Df=130mm , d= 340 mm d’=dc= 40 mm 230mm×380mm ۴
۵
𝑤𝑢1 1.36m 1.355m
B5
𝑤𝑢1 = 1.5 (1.6 + 6 × 2.5/2) = 13.65 𝑘𝑁/𝑚.
B27 B5 𝑤𝑢2 = 33.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
۰۰ wu = 74 𝑘𝑁
S4
𝑤𝑢𝑏3 = 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑥/3 =
۶۲۷ 𝑤𝑢𝑏3 = 9.75 × 4.5/3 = 14.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
‫؛‬

B27 74 kN
𝑤𝑢1 = 13.65 + 14.6 = 28.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 1.36m
𝑤𝑢2 = 33.92 + 14.6 = 48.52 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 3.14m

259
 B10

B10 ۵۳۷

k1 = 0.3 , k2 = 0.7 , a = 1.36m , b = 3.14m

B5

4.52
𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 28.25 × 0.32 × (3 × 0.32– 8 × 0.3 + 6) × + 48.52
12
4.52 3.142
× 0.72 (4 – 3 × 0.7) × + 74 × 1.36 ×
12 4.52
= 119.0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 48.52 × 0.72 × (3 × 0.72 – 8 × 0.7 + 6) × 4.52/12 +
28.25 × 0.32 (4 – 3 × 0.3) × 4.52/12 + 74 × 1.362 × 3.14/4.52 =
100.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
wu = 20.15 kN/m 4m B9 A
𝑀𝐹𝐴𝑂 = 20.15 × 42/12 = 26.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

۶۳۷

B5
0.6 0.4
𝑉𝑢𝐴𝐵 = [ 28.25 × 1.36 (1.36/2 + 3.14 + 48.52 × 3.142/2 + 74 × 3.14
+ 112.2]/4.5 = 162.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝐴𝐵 = ( 74 + 28.25 × 1.36 + 48.52 × 3.14 − 162.3 = 102.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑥 max = 102.5/48.52 = 2.11𝑚 < 3.14 𝑚
𝑀u.max = 102.5 × 2.11 − 48.52 × 2.112/2 = 108.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

260
 B10

B A
BA AB AO
- 0.4 0.6 - (DF)
100.2 -119.0 26.9 0
-100.2 -50.1
(FEM)
0 56.9 85.3
0 -112.2 112.2 0

𝑀uAB = 0.8 × 112.2 = 89.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ۲۱٪

𝑘𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.6 − 0.2 = 0.4 , 𝑥𝑢.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.4 × 340 = 136 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 0.36 × 20 × 0.4 × (1 – 0.42 × 0.4) × 230 × 3402 × 10
− 6 = 63.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝑢2 = 89.8 − 63.7 = 26.1𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

a۳.۲.۴ 63.7 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = 0.87×415×(340−0.42×136) = 624 𝑚𝑚2
26.1×106 2
b۳.۲.۴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 0.87×415×(340−40) = 241 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2 = 624 + 241 = 865 𝑚𝑚2

d`c/d=40/340=0.12 M20-Fe415
۳.۲.۴ 2
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1.065 × 241 = 257𝑚𝑚
:
Mu.max = 108.3 kN.m
L
L0 = 0.7L = 0.7 × 4500 = 3150 mm
130mm S4 L

𝑏𝑓 = 3150/12 + 3 × 130 + 230 = 882 𝑚𝑚

۸.۳.۴ (𝑀𝑢𝑟1 ) 𝑥𝑢 = 𝐷𝑓 = 0.36 × 20 × 882 × 130 × (340 − 0.42 × 130) × 10 − 6 =
235𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥
xu < Df ‫؛‬

0.5 × 20 4.6 ×108.3× 106

Ast = [1 − √1 − 20 × 882 × 3402 ] × 882 × 340 = 945 mm2
415

261
 B10

Ast

--- --- 865

--- 945 257

2#12+
2#12 2#12 2#20* mm
(
)
3-#12 +2#20*
3#12+2# ( )
20 mm
3-#12

226 226 854

339 967 339

Vu.max=162.3kN
Ast1= 854mm2 , Pt = 100 × 854)230 × 340(=1.09%
۰.۴.۴ 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.638 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Vuc= 0.638×230×340/1000 = 50.0 kN
Vusv.min= 0.4×230×340/1000 = 31.28 kN
Vur.min= 50.0+31.28 = 81.28 kN < Vu.max ( = 162.3 kN)

VuD=Vu.max-wu(bs/2+d)=162.3-28.25 × (0.115+0.34)=149.4 kN>Vur.min

‫؛‬
Vus = VuD-Vuc = 149.4-50.00 = 99.4 kN
Fe415 #8mm
)Asv=100mm2(
S = 0.87×415×100×340/(99.4×1000) =120mm
Ls1 = (Vu.max – Vur.min)/wu =
= (162.3-81.28)/28.25=2.87m
= 162.3-28.25×1.36-74=49.9kN < Vur.min
Ls1=1.36 ‫؛‬

262
 B10

۰۴۴ Vu.max=102.5 kN
Ast1=3#-12=339mm2, Pt=100×339/(230×340)=0.43%
Vuc=0.446×230×340/1000=34.88 kN ‫؛‬ τuc=0.446N/mm2:

Vur.min=34.88+31.28=66.16 kN < Vu.max

VuD=102.5-48.52× (23/2+340)=80.4kN>Vur.min=66.16 kN
‫؛‬

Vusv=VuD-Vuc = 80.4-34.88 = 45.52 kN

Fe250 ∅6mm
0.87×250×57×340
𝑠= = 90 mm
45.52×1000

Ls1=(102.5-66.16)/48.52 =0.75mm
90mm Φ 6mm 750mm ‫؛‬

130mm ∅6mm

162.3 kN = C11

102.5 kN = C12

263
 N-# –

B×D

∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12*+1#12** 2#12+1#12* 2#10 230×380 B1

∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12*+1#12** 2#12+1#12* 2#10+1#12*+1#12** 230×380 B2,B3,B

4
#8@100(8) 2#12 2#12+2#20* 2#12+2#20* 230×380 B5
∅ 6@130
∅6@130 2#10+1#12**+1#12/2.7 2#12+1#12* 2#10 230×380 B6

∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12/2.7 2#12 2#10+1#12/2.7 230×380 B7,B8,B

9
B13,B14
,B15
#8@120(14 ( 2#12 3#12+2#20* 2#12+2#20* B10
∅ 6@90(10 (
∅ 6@130
∅ 6@130 2#10 4#16 2#10 B11
∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12/2.7 2#12 2#10 B12
∅ 6@130 2#10 3#12+1#12* 2#10+1#12*+1#16/2.7 B16

#8@100(15 ( 2#12+1#20* 2#12 2#12 230×700 B17

3#12 3#12+3#20+
∅ 6@130 1#20* 4#20+3#12
∅ 6@130 3#12 3#12 3#12+1#20+1#20* 230×380 B18
2#12 2#12
1#20+2#12
#8@190(24), 2#12 4#25+2#25 2#12 230×700 B19,B20
∅ 6@130(24), (7m) ,B21
∅ 6@300(8)
#8@250(5 ( 2#10+3#20 3#20 2#10 230×380 B22
∅ 6@130
#8@250(5 ( 2#10 3#20 2#10+3#20 230×380 B23
∅ 6@130
∅ 6@130 2#12+1#16+1#16* 2#10+1#16+ 2#12 230×380 B24
1#16*
∅ 6@130 2#12 2#10+1#16+ 2#12+1#16+1#16* 230×380 B25
1#16*
∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12* 2#12+1#12* 2#10+1#12* 230×380 B26
∅ 6@130 2#10+1#12* 3#12+1#12* 2#10+1#12* 230×380 B27

264
265
 ۴۷

۰۴۷

C2, C3, C4

C6,C8,C9,C10,C13,C14,C16,C17, C18
C5

C1,C15,C20

C7,C11,C19

C12

۲۴۷

)‫(ا‬

۰۴۷ ۰۴۷
۲۴۷
1.5×25×0.23×3.84=8kN ‫؛‬
۰.۴.۷
=
3200+600+720-300 -380 = 3480mm

۱۴۷

266
 ۱۴۷

kN kN kN
4 3 2 1
kN
101 8 93 50.8 - 42.3 - C2
93 8 85 42.3 - 42.3 - C3 ۰
93 8 85 42.3 - 42.3 - C4
167 8 161 42.3 - 118.7 - C5
132 8 124 71.6 52.4 - - C6
318 8 310 32.8 250.0 27.3 - C8
313 8 305 27.3 250.0 27.3 - C9
313 8 305 27.3 250.0 27.3 - C10
۲
293 8 285 - 114.9 54.7 114.9 C13
188 8 180 54.7 62.4 - 62.4 C14
302 8 294 23.8 - 19.8 250.0 C16
298 8 290 19.8 - 19.8 250.0 C17
298 8 290 19.8 - 19.8 250.0 C18
73 8 65 - 26.5 38.1 - C1
209 8 201 - 150.0 24.6 26.5 C7
284 8 276 27.3 86.2 162.3 - C11
210 8 202 102.5 46.8 - 52.4 C12 ۳
176 8 168 - - 17.8 150.0 C15
171 8 163 19.8 - 56.4 86.2 C19
98 8 90 42.3 - - 46.8 C20

267
 ۲۴۷

268
 ٪ ۲۱ ٪ ۰۱
۲.۴.۷

۲۴۷

Pu.min kN Pu.max kN
93 101 C2, (C3, C4) - ۱
298 318 C8,(C9, C10, C16, C17, C18) (a) ۲
- 293 C13 (b)
132 188 C14,(C5, C6) (c)

- 284 C11, (C7) (a)

73* 210 C12, C7, (C15, C19, C20, C1) (b) ۳

*
4-12 230mm × 230mm
400kN
۵۱٪
۵۱٪

۳.۴.۷

230mm ×230mm 310kN

‫؛‬ 4-12

‫؛‬
‫؛‬
‫؛‬
‫؛‬
‫؛‬
‫؛‬
‫؛‬

269
 3200mm =
600mm =
720mm =
300mm =
4220mm =
380mm =
L= 4220 -380=3840 mm =
L= Leff
۳۸۴
L ‫؛‬
Leff =3840L =
230 mm ×230mm b×D

‫؛‬ b=3840⁄230 =16.7 >12 / Leff

1
(𝑐𝑟  1) × 100% ۰۴۷

Cr = 1.25 – Leff / (48b) = 1.25 – 16.7 / 48 = 0.9

)1⁄0.9 − 1)100 = 10.9% = 11% : ‫؛‬
8 kN ; . 5 × 25 × 23 × 23 × 3.84 = 7.6𝑘N =

۴۴۷

۵۴۲
۹ ۴ ۶ (b)

230mm×230mm

270
Pu=(Puc + Pus)=λ[0.4 fckbD+(0.67fy-0.4fck)Asc]
λ=0.9 b=230mm Puc=λ(0.4fckbD),
=0.9(0.4×20×230×)×230/1000=381kN
Pus=λ (0.67fy-0.4fck)Asc=0.9 (0.67×415-0.4×20)Asc/1000=0.243Asc
pub puz
Puz=0.45fckAc+0.75fyAsc=0.45fck Ag+(0.75fy-0.45fck)Asc… ( a.۶.۸.۴)
=[0.45×20×230×230+(0.75×415-0.45×20)Asc]/1000kN
=(476.1+0.302Asc)kN

6mm Pub
Pub=0.36fckb (7/11)d=0.36 ×20 × 230 ×(7/11) × [230-(40+∅/2+6)]/1000
=1.05(184- ∅ /2)
187kN ∅ =12mm
Pub=185kN ∅ =16mm
)N- Ø( Pub Puz, Pu , Puc
. ۳۴۷
kN Pub Puz،Pu : ۳۴۷
Fe 514 :M22 –

8-#16 4#16+4#12 6-#16 4#16+2#12 8-#12 4-#16 6-#12 4-#12

Puc
1608 1256 1206 1030 904 804 678 452 Ascmm2 b×D
kN
391 305 293 250 220 195 165 110 Pus mm × mm

772 686 674 631 601 576 546 491 Pu ( )

۲.۴.۷ 962 856 840 787 749 719 681 613 Puz 381 230 × 230
185 185 185 185 187 185 187 187 puh
a۶ ۸ ۴

20mm Pu
xu=7/11d pub
۱۵۴۷ Pub
C2

271
 ۰۰ ۳۳ ٪۰۵
۴۴۷

۴۴۷

۰۵
N−∅

b×D
۳۱
۰۰

4 - #12 113 12 101 101 8 93 230×230 C2,C3,C4

C8,C9,C10,C16,C17,
4 - #12 407 41 366 48 318 8 310 230×230 (a)
C18
4 - #12 374 37 337 44 293 8 285 230×230 C13 (b)

4 - #12 241 24 217 29 188 8 180 230×230 C14,C5,C6 (c)

4 - #12 462 42×2 378 94 284 8 276 230×230 C11 (a)

C12,C7,C15,C19,C20, (b)
4 - #12 329 30×2 269 167 210 8 202 230×230
C1

kN ۰
۲

۱
5mm
۴
6mm ‫؛‬ 6mm ‫؛‬

Fe250

b=230mm ۱
۰۶ ۲
16×12=192mm ∅=12mm
16×16=256mm ∅=16mm
12mm : 300mm= ۳
s=230mm 16mm s=190mm

272
 ۵۴۷

۸۴۶

۱۵۴۷

C2,)C3,C4(
Pu = 101kN

)Asc = 452mm2 4-#12 230mm x 230mm

Leffy = 3840mm
Leffy /b = 3840/230 = 16.7 > 12
Mu1 = 0

Mu2 = 0

Mi=0
eminy = L/500 + b/30 = 3840/500 + 230/30 < 20𝑚𝑚
eminy = 20mm ‫؛‬
Mu.miny = Pu × emin.y = 101 × 20/1000 = 2.02kN. m
𝑀𝑖 = 𝑀𝑢.𝑚𝑖𝑛.𝑦 = 2.02 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑃𝑢𝑧 𝑃𝑢𝑏

۳۴۷ 𝑃𝑢𝑧 = 613 kN

0.0035 (𝑃𝑢𝑏 )
d۴ ۸ ۰۳ 0.002

I
em𝑖𝑛 = −0.002 emax = 0.0035

273
 𝑥𝑢 = [0.0035/(0.0035 + 0.002)] 𝑑 = (7/11)𝑑
𝑑’ = 40 + ∅/2 + 6 = 40 + 12/2 + 6 = 52𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 230 − 52 = 178𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑢 = (7/11) × 178 =113mm
𝑃𝑢𝑏 = 𝑃𝑢𝑐 + 𝑃𝑢𝑠
𝑃𝑢𝑐 = 0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑥𝑢 = 0.36 × 20 × 230 × 113/1000 = 187.12𝑘𝑁
Pus= (fs1-fc1)As1+fs2× As2
ε2 ε1 ‫ په‬fs2 fs1
ε1 = [(113 − 52)/113] × 0.0035 = 0.00190, ε2 = −0.002
۲ ۰۴ ۲ 𝑓𝑠1 = 323.55𝑁/𝑚𝑚 2
𝑓𝑠2 = −327.74𝑁/𝑚𝑚 2

𝑓𝑐1 = 0.45 × 20 = 9.0𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠1 = 452/2 = 226𝑚𝑚2 = 𝐴𝑠2
𝑃𝑢𝑠 = [(323.55 − 9) × 226 + (−327.74) × 226]/1000 = −2.98𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢𝑏 = 187.12 − 2.98 = 184.14𝑘𝑁 = 184𝑘𝑁
II
𝑃𝑢𝑏 = (𝑘1 + 𝑘2. 𝑝/𝑓𝑐𝑘 )𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 = 20 × 230 × 230/1000 = 1058𝑘𝑁
𝑝/𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 100 × 𝐴𝑠𝑐 /(𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 ) = (100 × 452)/(1058 × 1000) = 0.043
ď/𝐷 = 52/230 = 0.226
𝑘1 = 0,178
𝑘2 = −0.057
𝑃𝑢𝑏 = (0.178 − 0.057 × 0.043) × 1058 = 185.7𝑘𝑁
III
. 𝑃𝑢𝑏 = 187kN

c۱۳.۸.۴ 𝑘 = (𝑃𝑢𝑧 − 𝑃𝑢 )/(𝑃𝑢𝑧 − 𝑃𝑢𝑏 ) > = (613 − 101)/(613 − 185.7) > 1

k =1
b۱۳.۸.۴ 𝑀𝑎𝑦 = (𝑃𝑢 𝑏/2000)(𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑦 / 𝑏)2 . 𝑘
𝑀𝑎𝑦 = (101 × 0.23/2000) × 16.72 × 1 = 3.24𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

۰۵.۸.۴ 𝑀𝑢𝑇 = 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑎𝑦 = 2.02 + 3.24 = 5.26𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝑢 = 5.26kN. m 𝑃𝑢 = 101kN

274
 G-2 – I

ď/b = 52/230 = 0.226 , 𝑃𝑢 /(fck bD ) = 101/1058 = 0.095

p/fck = 100 × 452/(230 × 230 × 20) = 0.043

Mu /fck b2 D 𝑝/fck 𝑃𝑢 /fck 𝑏𝐷 ď/𝐷

4G 0.085 0.043 0.095 0.2
5G 0.077 0.043 0.095 0.25
0.081 0.043 0.095 0.226

(𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.081 × 1058 × 0.23 = 19.7𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 5.26𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

7.4 – II

(𝑃𝑢 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 178.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 (𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 21.8𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

. 𝑀𝑢 𝑃𝑢
x

a ۲.۵.۴.۷

C8,(C9,C10,C16,C17,C18) (a)
x i
𝑃𝑢 = 318kN
Asc = 452mm2 . 4-# 12 230mm × 230mm
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑥 = 3840 :
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑥 /𝑑 = 3840/230 = 16.7 > 12
Mu1= 0

275
 a

, 𝐼𝑐 = 230 × 2303 /12 = 233.2 × 106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼𝑐 = 3840𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 0.75 × 233.2 × 106 /3840 = 45.55 × 102 𝑚𝑚3
2.75I/L

𝑤𝑢 = 50𝑘𝑁/𝑚 L=10000mm , )230×750)mm

𝐼𝑏 = 230 × 7003/12 = 6574 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝑏 = 2 × 6574 × 106 mm4 ۵.۲.۳
6
10
kb = 2 × 6574 × = 1314.8 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
10000
𝑘𝑐 45.55
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = = 45.55+1314.8/2 = 0.0648
𝑘𝑐 +𝑘𝑏 /2
𝑀F = Wu L2 /24
𝑀𝑓 = 50 × 102 /24 = 208.3𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 × 𝑀𝐹 = 0.0648 × 208.3 = 13.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢2 = 13.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
a۰۴ .۴.۸ 𝑀𝑖 = 0.6𝑀𝑢2 + 0.4𝑀𝑢1 = 0.6 × 13.5 + 0.4 × 0 = 8.1𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚
20
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑝𝑢 × 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 318 × 1000 = 6.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑖
𝑀𝑖 = 8.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
۳۴۷ 𝑃𝑢𝑧 = 613 kN
۳۴۷ 𝑃u𝑏 = 187𝑘N :
613−318
𝑘= = 0.69
613−187
c۰۳ .۸.۴ 𝑃 𝐷 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 318×0.23
𝑢
𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 2000 ×( ) 𝑘= × 16.72 × 0.69 = 7.04 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 :
𝐷 2000

𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀 𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 8.1 + 7.04 = 15.14𝑘𝑁 ≮ 𝑀𝑢2 = 13.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝒅` 52
۰۵.۸.۴ = 230 = 0.226
𝐷
𝑃𝑢 318
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 = 20 × 230 × 0.23 = 1058 𝑘𝑁 , = 1058 = 0.3 ,
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷
𝑃 452
= 100 × 230×230×20 = 0.043
𝑓𝑐𝑘

276
 a

– I

𝑀𝑢 /𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 𝑃/𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑃𝑢 /𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 ď/𝐷

4G 0.084 0.043 0.3 0.2
5G 0.075 0.043 0.3 0.25
0.079 0.043 0.3 0.226

(𝑀𝑢𝑟 ) = 0.079 × 1058 × 0.23 = 19.2𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 15.14 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

7.4 – II

(𝑀𝑢𝑟 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 18.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 , (𝑃𝑢 )𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 318.02𝑘𝑁

y ii

B7 B6 C8

WuL2 WuL2
= B7 = 𝐵6
12 10
L=4m=4000mm ، 𝑤𝑢 = 20.15𝑘𝑁/𝑚 B7 B6
42 42
𝑀𝐹 = 20.15 × 10 − 20.15 × 12 = 5.37𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
:230mm×380 mm B6
3803
𝑘𝑏𝐿 = 0.75∗ (230 × ) 4000 = 197.20 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
12
: 230mm×380 mm B7
3803
(230 × 12 )
k bR = = 262.93 × 103 mm3
4000
:230mm×380 mm C8
2303
0.75 (230 × 12 )
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 = = 45.55 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
3840
197.20+262.93
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 45.55/(45.55 + ) = 0.165
2
𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 0.165 × 5.37 = 0.88𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 𝑀𝑢2

277
 a

:
𝑀𝑖 = 0.6𝑀𝑢2 + 0.4𝑀𝑢1 = 0.6 × 0.88 = 0.53𝑘𝑁.
20
𝑀umin = 𝑃𝑢 × 𝜀𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 318 × = 6.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 𝑚𝑖
10000
6..6 kN.m =
7.04 kN.m =
Muy = 6.36 + 7.04 = 13.4 kN. m
x Mu𝑥 = (15.4kN. m) > Muy = (13.4kN. m)

k = 0.75 I/L *

II-c II-b II
II (c) II (b)
C14,
C13
(C5,C6)
188 293 kN Pu
230 × 230 230 × 230 𝑏 ×𝐷
4 − #12 4 − #12 𝑁 − ∅
452 452 𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑚𝑚2
x (i)
3840 3840 𝐿eff x
16.7 16.7 𝐿eff x /D
0 0 𝑀𝑢1 kN.m
𝑀𝑢2 ( ۱. ۳.۳.۷) (230 𝑚𝑚 × 380𝑚𝑚)(𝑎)
B11 B11
𝑇 𝑇
31.65 31.65 𝑘𝑁
(𝑏) 𝑊𝑢
𝑚
4.5 4.5 (𝑐) 𝐿 𝑚
26.7 26.7 (𝑑)𝑀𝐹 = 𝑊𝑢 𝑙 2 ⁄24 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
467.4 2×233.7 (𝑒)𝑘𝑏 × 103
45.55 45.55 (𝑓)𝑘𝑐 × 103
0.163 0.163 𝑘 467.4
(𝑔) 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑐 + Ʃ𝑘𝑏 /2) = 45.55/(45.55 + )
𝑘𝑐 2
4.36 4.36 (ℎ) 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝐹 × 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 26.7 × 0.163
2.61 2.61 𝑀𝑖 = 0.6𝑀𝑢2 + 0.4𝑀𝑢𝑙 = 0.6 × 4.36 kN.m

278
 II-c II-b II

20 20 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚
3.76 5.86 𝑀umin = 𝑃𝑢 × 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3.76 5.86 ( Mumin Mi ( Mi
613 613 𝑃𝑢𝑧 = ( 𝑎6.8.4. ) 𝑘𝑁
187 187 Pub=( 𝑏13.8.4. ) 𝑘𝑁
0.99 0.75 k=( 𝑐13.8.4. )
5.98 7.02 Ma=( 13.8.4. )
9.74 12.88 Mux=Mi+Ma
21.95* 19.68* Murx 𝑘𝑁. m
Murx(=19.68kN.m)>Mux=(12.88kN.m)
Y (ii)
3.76 5.86 𝑀𝑖 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
5.98 7.02 𝑀𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
9.74 12.88 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
x 𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 𝑀𝑢𝑦
y
۴.۷

279
 b a III
…..(b)…..
…..(a)…..
C12,
C11
(C7,C15,C19,C20,C1)
Pu
210 284
kN
230 × 230 230 × 230 𝑏 ×𝐷 𝑚𝑚
4 − #12 6 − #12 𝑁 − ∅
452 452 𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑚𝑚2
x (i)
3840 3840 𝐿eff x
16.7 16.7 𝐿eff x /D
𝑀𝑢𝑥1 kN.m
(a)

B10 B9 B10 ( . ۲.۳.۳.۷)

230 × 380 230 × 380 230 × 380 𝑏 𝑚𝑚 × 𝐷 𝑚𝑚

4500 4000 4500 L mm

𝑘𝑁
𝑈𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝑇𝐿 20.15 𝑈𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝑇𝐿 𝑊𝑢1
𝑚
89.8@ 𝑀𝐹1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
44.99(=89.8/2)@@
467 263 467 𝑘𝑏 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
(𝑏) 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 × 103 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙
45.55 45.55
+ ((Ʃ ∑ 𝑘𝑏 )/2) 𝑚𝑚3

279.05 410.55 (𝑐) 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 (𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 + ((Ʃ ∑ 𝑘𝑏 )/2)

0.163 0.11 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑢𝑥2 = 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 × 𝑀𝐹1
7.32 9.88 𝑀𝑖𝑥 = 0.6𝑀𝑢2 + 0.4𝑀𝑢1
4.4 5.93
20 20 𝑒𝑥.𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚
4.20 5.68 𝑀ux.min = 𝑃𝑢 × 0.02
21.85 23.59 𝑀𝑢𝑟𝑥 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10.74 13.19
6.34 7.26 𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑥 + 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
0.94 0.8 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
185.04 183.5 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑥 kN
613 681 𝑃𝑢𝑧 kN
4.4 5.93 𝑀ix 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

280
 b a III

…..(b)….. …..(a)…..
C12, C11,(C7)
(C15,C19,C6,C20,C1)
y (ii)
3840 3840 𝐿eff y 𝑚𝑚
16.7 16.7 𝐿eff y /b
0 0 𝑀𝑢𝑦1 kN. m
𝑀𝑢𝑦2 = 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 kN. m
(a)
B25 𝐵23
230 × 380 230 × 380 b mm × D mm mm

5000 5000 l mm
24.3 43 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑢
𝑚
25.3 44.8 𝑀𝐹 = 𝑊𝑢 𝑙 2 ⁄24 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
420 420 𝑘𝑏1 103 𝑚𝑚3
45.55 45.55 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
255.55 255.55 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 + ((Ʃ ∑ 𝑘𝑏 )/2) 𝑚𝑚3
0.178 0.178 (𝑐) 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙
= 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙 / (𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙
+ ((Ʃ ∑ 𝑘𝑏 )/2)
4.5 7.97 (𝑑) 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑢𝑦2
= 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙
× 𝑀𝐹 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2.7 4.8 𝑀𝑖𝑦 = 0.6𝑀𝑢2 + 0.4𝑀𝑢1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
20 20 𝑒𝑦.𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚
4.2 5.68 𝑀uy.min 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
4.2 5.68 𝑀iy 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
613 613 𝑃𝑢𝑧 kN
185.08 183 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑦 kN
0.94 0.8 k
6.34 7.25 𝑀𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10.54 12.93 𝑀𝑢𝑦 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
21.85 20.69 𝑀𝑢𝑟𝑦 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
0.82<1 0.981<1 ‫د‬L.H.S

281
 . 6#12 )4-#12mm( **(۱(
. ۷ B10 @ )۲(
(MF( @@ )۳(

۲ ۵ ۷

b(mm) ×D(mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm)

∅6 − 190 4 - #12 230×230 M20 C2.C3.C4 I

∅6 − 190 4 - #12 230×230 M20 C8.9.10.16.17.18 (a) II
∅6 − 190 4 - #12 230×230 M20 C13 (b)
∅6 − 190 4 - #12 230×230 M20 C5.C6.C14 (c)
∅6 − 190 6 - #12 230×230 M20 C11 (a)
III
∅6 − 190 4 - #12 230×230 M20 C12.7.15.19.20.1 (b)

۵ ۷

۰ ۵ ۷

I
– II
– III
IV
V

c۴.۲.۳
۷.۵

282
 ۲۵۷

۲۱

۰ ۵ ۷

kN kN kN kN kN
310 310,305,305,276 C8,C9,C10,C11
212 318 8 285,294,290,290 C13,C16,C17,C18
210 202 161,201,202,180 C5,C7,C12,C14
140 8 168,163 C15,C19
88 132 8 124 124 C6
68 101 8 93 65,93,85,85,90 C1,C2,C3,C4,C20
۰ ۴ ۷
۰ ۵ =

۳ ۵ ۷

۵ ۶
212kN 318 kN C8

۶.۷

۴۵۷

M20
Fe415
𝑅𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.76𝑁/𝑚𝑚
b= 230𝑚𝑚 , 𝐷 = 230𝑚𝑚

283
 𝐹𝑏 = 150𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐷𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 150𝑚𝑚
𝑒 = 75𝑚𝑚

C8,C9,C10,C11,C13,C16,C17,C18 –

I
𝑃𝑢 = 318𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑢 /1.5 = 318/1.5 = 212𝑘𝑁
II

۶.۵.۰ 𝐴𝑓 = 1.1𝑃/𝑓𝑏 = 1.1 × 212/150 = 1.55𝑚2

Lf

(𝐷−𝑏)2
a۲.۵.۶ 𝐿𝑓 = (𝐷 – 𝑏)/2 + √ + 𝐴𝑓 = √𝐴𝑓 D=b
4

𝐿𝑓 = √1.55 × 100 = 1245𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = 1250𝑚𝑚

Cx = Cy = (Lf − D)/2 = (1250 − 230)/2 = 510mm

b۲.۵.۶
Bf = 𝑏 + 2 × Cy = 230 + 2 × 510 = 1250𝑚𝑚

Af = Lf × Bf = 1.25 × 1.25 = 1.5625 𝑚2

𝑃𝑢

۳.۵.۶ 𝑤𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 /Af = 318/1.5625 = 203.52 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

III

Lf = (𝐷 − 𝑏)/2
𝑏1 = 𝑏 + 2𝑒 = 230 + 2 × 75 = 380𝑚𝑚

x
a۴ .۵.۶ 𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 𝑤𝑢 Bf 𝐶2𝑥/2 = 203.52 × 1.25 × 0.5102 /2 = 33.1𝑘𝑁
𝐷1 = 𝐷 + 2𝑒 = 230 + 150 = 380𝑚𝑚

y
b۴.۵.۶ 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 𝑤𝑢 × Lf × 𝐶𝑦 2 /2 = 203.52 × 1.25 × 0.512 /2 = 33.1𝑘𝑁

284
 C8,C9,C10,C11,C13,C16,C17,C18

x ( )

𝑀𝑢.𝑥 33.1×106
a۵.۵.۶ 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑅 = √2.76×380 =178mm
𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 ×𝑏1

𝑀𝑢.𝑦 33.1 × 106

b۵.۵.۶ 𝑑𝑦 = √ =√ = 178𝑚𝑚
𝑅𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝐷1 2.76 × 380

8mm=

𝑑′𝑥 = 50 + 8/2 = 54𝑚m

𝑑′𝑦 = 54 + 8 = 62𝑚𝑚

= 178 + 62 = 240mm

Df = 240mm

𝑑𝑥 = 240 − 54 = 186mm

𝑑𝑦 = 240 − 62 = 178mm
IV

B2=2(b + D +2dy)

a۶.۵.۶ =2(230+230+2×178)=1632mm

b ۶.۵.۶ 𝐷2 = 𝐷𝑓 − 𝑌2 − 𝑑′𝑦

𝑦2 = (𝑑𝑦 /2 − 𝑒)𝑦1 /𝑥1 = (178/2 − 75) × 90 /(510 − 75) = 2.89𝑚𝑚

𝐷2 = 240 − 2.89 − 62 = 175.1 𝑚𝑚

c ۶.۵.۶ A2 = D2 × =1632×175.1 = 285763 mm2

d ۶.۵.۶ 𝑉𝑢𝑐2 = 𝜏𝑢𝑐2 × 𝐴2

′
𝜏𝑢𝑐2 = 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑢𝑐 , 𝑘𝑠 = (0.5 + 230/230) ≯ 1 𝑘𝑠 = 1
𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25√20 = 1.118 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝜏𝑢𝑐2 = 1.118 × 1 = 1.118𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝑉𝑢𝑐2 = 𝜏𝑢𝑐2 × 𝐴2 = 1.118 × 285763/1000 = 319.5𝑘𝑁

285
 C8,C9,C10,C11,C13,C16,C17,C18

e ۶.۵.۶ 𝑉𝑢𝐷2 = 𝑤𝑢 [(𝐿𝑓 𝐵𝑓 − (𝐷 + 𝑑𝑦 )(𝑏 + 𝑑𝑦 )]

= 203.52[(1250 × 1250 − (230 + 178)(230 + 178)] × 106 = 317.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑐2 = 319.5 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢𝐷2 (= 317.8 𝑘𝑁)

)a) 𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.85𝑏1 𝑑𝑥 /𝑓𝑦 = 0.85 × 380 × 186/415 = 145𝑚𝑚2

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 33.1 × 106

a ۷.۵.۶ 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 = [1 − √ ] × 380 × 186 = 598𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 380 × 1862

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 600𝑚𝑚2 #8mm ۰۲

(b) A𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.85𝑏1 𝑑𝑥 /𝑓𝑦 = 0.85 × 380 × 178/415 = 139𝑚𝑚2

0.5 × 20 4.6 × 33.1 × 106

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 = [1 − √1 − ] × 380 × 178 = 642𝑚𝑚2
415 20 × 380 × 1782
b ۷.۵.۶
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 650𝑚𝑚2 #8mm ۰۳
0.87𝑓𝑦 0.87 × 415
(𝐿𝑑 )𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑 = ∅= ×8
4 𝜏𝑏𝑑 4 × 1.2 × 1.6
= 376𝑚𝑚 < (𝐿𝑑 )𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑 = (510 − 60 = 450𝑚𝑚)
y V

dy y

a ۸.۵.۶ 𝐷1 = 𝑦1 − [(𝑑𝑦 − 𝑒)𝑦1 /𝑥1 ]

𝑦1 = 𝐷𝑓 − 𝐷𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 240 − 150 = 90 𝑚𝑚
𝑥1 = 𝐶𝑦 − 𝑒 = 510 − 75 = 435 𝑚𝑚
𝐷1 = 90 − [(178 − 75) × 90/435] = 68.7 𝑚𝑚

b ۸.۵.۶ 𝐵2 = 𝐷 + 2𝑑𝑦 = 230 + 2 × 178 = 586𝑚𝑚

286
 C18,C17,C16,C13,C11,C10,C9,C8

c ۸.۵.۶ 𝐴𝑦 = (𝐵2 + 𝐿𝑓 )𝐷1 /2 + (𝐷𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑑′𝑦 )𝐿𝑓

Ay = (586 + 1250) 68.7/2 + (150 − 62) × 1250 = 173067 mm2

۳.۴.۴ 𝑃𝑡𝑦 = 100 × 650/173067 = 0.37%

𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.417𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

d ۸.۵.۶ 𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 × 𝐴𝑦 = 0.417 × 173067/1000 = 72.1 𝑘𝑁

e ۸.۵.۶ 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 = 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑓 (𝐶𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 )

= 203.52 × 1250(510 − 178) × 10 − 6 = 84.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 (72.1) = < 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 (= 84.4 𝑘𝑁)

VuDy Vucy

Df = 300 mm
𝑑𝑥 = 300 − 54 = 246𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑦 = 300 − 62 = 238𝑚𝑚

0.5𝑥20 4.6×33.1×106
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 = [1 − √1 − 20×380×2462 ] × 380 × 246 = 410 mm2
415

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 = 450𝑚𝑚2 8mm ۹

0.5𝑥20 4.6×33.1×106
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 = [1 − √1 − 20×380×2462 ] × 380 × 238 = 428 mm2
415

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 = 450𝑚𝑚2 8mm ۹

Df =300mm y

D1=y1-[(dy-e)y1/x1]

𝑦1 = 𝐷𝑓 − 𝐷𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 300 − 150 = 150 𝑚𝑚

𝑥1 = 𝐶𝑦 − 𝑒 = 510 − 75 = 435 𝑚𝑚
𝐷1 = 150 − [(238 − 75) × 150/435] = 94 𝑚𝑚
𝐵2 = 𝐷 + 2𝑑𝑦 = 230 + 2 × 238 = 706 mm

287
 C8,C9,C10,C11,C13,C16,C17,C18

Ay = (B2 + 𝐿𝑓 )𝐷1 /2 + (Df. min − d′y )𝐿𝑓

Ay = (706 + 1250) 94/2 + (150 − 62) × 1250 = 201932 𝑚𝑚2

450
.۴ ۳ .۴ 𝑃𝑡𝑦 = 100 × 201932 = 0.222% , 𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.3376𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 × 𝐴𝑦 = 0.3376 × 201932/1000 = 68.17 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 = 𝑤𝑢 𝐿𝑓 (𝐶𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 )
= 203.52 × 1250(510 − 238) × 10−6 = 69.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = (68.17) < 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 (= 69.2 𝑘𝑁)

VuDy Vucy

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 = 500𝑚𝑚2 #8mm ۰۱

𝑃𝑡𝑦 = 100 × 500/201932 = 0.25%

𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0. 36 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.36 × 201932/1000 = 72.7 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦

x VI

𝑑𝑥 = 300 – 8/2 = 246 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 = 450𝑚𝑚2 #8mm ۹

a۵ ۹ .۶ 𝐷3 = 𝑦1 (𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒)𝑦1 /𝑥1 = 150 − (246 − 75) × 150/435 = 91𝑚𝑚
𝐵3 = 𝑏 + 2𝑑𝑥 = 230 + 2 × 246 = 722𝑚𝑚
(𝐵3 +𝐵𝑓 )𝐷3
𝐴𝑥 = (𝐷𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑑′ 𝑥 ) 𝐵𝑓 =
b۵ ۹ .۶ 2
(722+1250)91
= + (150 − 54) × 1250 = 209726𝑚𝑚2
2
𝑃𝑡𝑥 = 100 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 /𝐴𝑋 = 100 × 450/209726 = 0.215%

۴ ۳.۴ τuc = 0.332N/mm2

𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.332 × 209726/1000 = 69.6𝑘𝑁

c ۵ ۹ .۶ 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑥 = 𝑤𝑢 × 𝐵𝑓 (𝐶𝑋 − 𝑑𝑋 ) = 230.52 × 1250(510 − 246) × 10 − 6 = 67.1𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑥 (= 69.6𝑘𝑁) > 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑥 (= 67.1𝑘𝑁)

288
 C8,C9,C10,C11,C13,C16,C17,C18

VII

𝐴 𝐴
۰۱ ۵.۶ √𝐴1 ≯ 2 𝑃𝑢 /(𝑏𝐷) < 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 × √𝐴1
2 2

𝐴1 = 𝐿𝑓 × 𝐵𝑓 (𝑏 + 4𝐷𝑓 )(𝐷 + 4𝐷𝑓 )

= 1250 × 1250 (230 + 4 × 300)2

= 1562500𝑚𝑚2 2044900𝑚𝑚2
𝐴1 = 1562500𝑚𝑚2
𝐴2 = 𝑏 × 𝐷 = 230 × 230 = 52900𝑚𝑚2
𝐴1 𝐴1 1562500
√𝐴 = 2 √𝐴 = √ 52900
= 5.4 > 2
2 2

𝑃𝑢 /𝑏𝐷 = 318 × 1000/(230 × 230) = 6.01𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 =

𝐴
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 √𝐴1 = 0.45 × 20 × 2 = 18𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 =
2

18𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 > 6.01𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

VIII

1250mm×1250mm
300mm
150mm
8#-9
8#-10
133mm
118mm

289
 ۷۵۵
۶۷

) IV C1

C19,C15,C14,C12,C7,C5 II
Pu= 210 kN=
C6 III
Pu=132 kN =
C20,C4,C3,C2,C1 IV
Pu=101 kN =

IV III, II

IV III II
I
101kN 132kN 210kN )Pu(
68kN 88kN 140kN P=Pu/1.5
230×230 230×230 230×230 mm × mm
2 2 2
150kN/m 150kN/m 150kN/m
M20,Fe415 M20,Fe415 M20,Fe415
II
m2
0.6453 1.0267
۰.۵.۶ 0.499
1.0404 m2
0.7396 0.7396
1020 mm
710/860* 810/860*
a۲.۵.۶
1020 mm
710/860* 810/860*
315 395 mm
۳۵۶ 315
201.84 1.5×𝑃𝑢
137.9 178.47 kN/m2 wu =

B.M III

5.88 7.61 16.06 kN.m Mux

۵.۵.۶ 5.88 7.61 16.06 kN.m May
120 140 180 mm B.M

290
 IV III, II
IV III II
IV

1272 1272 1432 B2

128 D2
88 88
183296 A2
111936 111936

125.15 125.15 204.93 Vuc

۶۵۶ 81.54 113.95 184.13 VuD2

150 150 190 (Df)reg

150 160@ 200@ (Df)Prov

1272 1312 1472

mm 𝐵2
88 98 138 mm 𝐷2
111936 128576 203136 mm2 𝐴2
125.1 143.75 227.11 kN 𝑉𝑢𝑐2
112.8
88.05 182.66 kN 𝑉𝑢𝐷2
y
301.6(6#8)
201.1(4#8) 502.6(10-#8 𝑚𝑚2
201.1(4#8) 251.3(5#8) 452.4 (9-#8) mm2 x
y V

75680 84280 120399 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑦

0,26 0.358 0.417 % 𝑃𝑡𝑦
0.368 0.417 0.445 N/mm2 τucy
۸۵۶
27.89 35.20 53.57 kN Vucy
26.92 33.31 52.91 kN VuDy
x VI

82560 91160 127917 mm2 Ax

0.24 0.276 0.353 % Ptx
0.355 0.374 0.416 N/mm2 τucx
29.32 34.13 53.17 kN Vucx
25.97 32.08 51.26 kN VuDx

291
 IV III, II
IV III II

VII
۰۱ ۵ ۶
18.0 18.0 18.0

1.93 2.49 3.97

VIII
860mm 860mm 1020mm Lf
860mm 860mm 1020mm Bf
150mm 160mm 200mm Df
150mm 150mm 150mm Df.min
4-#8mm 5-#8mm 9-#8mm Nx - #
4-#8mm 6-#8mm 10-#8mm Ny - #
242mm 178mm 105mm CLx
242mm 142mm 93mm CLy

Sy Ny - # Sx Nx - # Df.min Df Bf Lf
b×D
Offset

C8,C9,C10,C11
118 10-#8mm 133 9-#8mm 150 300 75 1250 1250 230×230
C13,C16,C17,C18
C5,C7,C12,C14
93 10-#8mm 105 9-#8mm 150 200 75 1020 1020 230×230
C15,C19
142 6-#8mm 178 5-#8mm 150 160 75 860 860 230×230 C6
242 5-#8mm 242 4-#8mm 150 150 - 860 860 230×230 C1,C2,C3,C4,C20

292
7.1 Shah, V.L. and Karve, S.R, “Limit State theory and Design Reinforced Concrete”, Structures
Publications, Pune, 2003, Sect.3.6, p.98

7.2 Shah, V.L. and Karve, S.R. “Handbook of reinforcement concrete design”, Structures
Publications, Pune, 2006

7.3 SP 34: 1987 “Handbook of concrete reinforcement and detailing”, BIS, New Delhi, 1987

7.4 Shah,V.L., “Generalised program for design of axially loaded column, column subjected to
Structures Publications, Pune, 2003, Software pakage No. 4.

7.5 Shah,V.L. and Karve, S.R, “Limit State theory and design of reinforced Concrete,” Structures
Publications, Pune, 2003,Chap. 11.Sect.12.8 and 12.9

7.6 Shah, V.L. “Design Pad or Sloped footing for axially loaded column”, Structures Publications, Pun,
2003, Software package No.5.

293