7/3/2021 Kala Chitta Range - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 33°43′N 72°10′E

Kala Chitta Range

Kala Chitta Range (in Punjabi and Urdu: ‫کاال چٹا‬‎Kālā Chiṭṭā) is a
mountain range in the Attock District of Punjab, Pakistan. Kala- Kala Chitta
Chitta are Punjabi words meaning Kala the Black and Chitta means
the white. The range thrusts eastward across the Potohar plateau
towards Rawalpindi.[1]

Pakistan's Kuldana Formation is best known for its fossil mammals,

including primitive cetaceans such as Pakicetus and their close
relatives. Kuldana mammals have been considered in different
studies as early Luthecians (early Middle Eocene), late Ypresians
(late early Eocene) or, recently, they encompass much of Ypresians
up to early Lutheian time (early part of the early Eocene to early
Eocene medium).
Highest point
Elevation 841 m (2,759 ft)
Kuldana Formation Coordinates 33°43′N 72°10′E
Naming
The Kuldana Formation is located in the Kata Chita hills and is a Native ‫کاال چٹا‬  (Punjabi)
thin, 20-120 m thick tongue of low-lying continental red beds that name
lie within a much thicker sequence of foraminifera-rich marine Geography
formations. Shallow planktonic and benthic foraminifera limit the
age of the Kuldana Formation to the late early or early middle
Eocene, and the current interpretation of global sea level
stratigraphy favours the latter.[2] Kala Chitta

The short duration of the low-water interval when Kuldana

mammals are encountered means that differences between samples
likely represent differences in local living environments, deposition
sites, and sampling, rather than a substantial difference in age.[2]

Kohat formation
The Kohat formation consists of calcareous shale and light grey Country Pakistan
limestone. It lies on top of the Kuldana formation and intermingles Provinces Punjab and Khyber
with the Murree formation of the Rawalpindi group.[3] Formation in Pakhtunkhwa
the middle Eocene.

Notes
1. "The Salt Range and Potwar Plateau" (http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/land/GEO_5.html). Plains and
Plateaus of Pakistan. Pakistan Paedia. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
2. Gringerich, Philip. "Stratigraphic and micropaleontological constraints on the middle Eocene age of
the mammal-bearing Kuldana Formation of Pakistan" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/
2409). doi:10.1671/2409 (https://doi.org/10.1671%2F2409). Retrieved 10 September 2020.

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7/3/2021 Kala Chitta Range - Wikipedia

3. Hamid, Hussein. "Structural Evolution of the Kohat Fold and Thrust Belt in the Shakardarra Area
(South Eastern Kohat, Pakistan)" (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fgeosciences8090311). Geosciences.
doi:10.3390/geosciences8090311 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fgeosciences8090311).

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