SENIOR IPE i. CDF MATERIAL CIRCLES Circles Circle isthe locus of' point which moves ina plane so that its distance froma fixed point inthe plane isa constant ‘The fixed point is the centre and the constant distance is radius of the circle. ‘The equation ofa circle with centre C ( h, k ) and radius r is 4) Ply) us The second degree equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2ex +2 fy-+ c= 0 represents a circle when a=be0; h=Oand g? + f?-ac20 (y-4y The equation ofa circle with centre C (0, 0) and radius ris, ‘The general equation of circle is ax* + ay? + 2gn + 2.fy'+e=0 with centre ( vets lal radius r ‘The general form of the cirkeeis y? + 2gx + 2fy +c =0 withcentre (~g,—/) andradiusr Vets Ifthe radius ofa circle is zero then the circle is called a point circle. Ifthe radius of a circle is one then the circle is called a unit circle. Circles with same centre are called concentric circles. 2gx+2fptc=0 and x? + y? + 2gv4 2 fy +k =0 areconcentric circles, ie x? + IfA and B are two distinct points on acircle then, (i) The line [7B through A and Bis called secant line. O N i) The line Sigman FAB iscalleda chord of acircle. eo } x (i) The chord which has maximum length is called a diameter ofacircle. NARAYANA Page.No.14 7 y Seared with CanScamerSENIOR IPE CDF MATERIAL (Gi) The diameter passes through the centre ofa cite (it) A diameter divides the circle into two equal part (iv) Thea nicircleis 99° ich partis called a semicircle ter are A(aj.91) and BCA P (eo) 2. The equation of a circle whose extremities of a di A(x.) 8.92) (s-4)(e=n) +r nr 13. (i) The length of the intercept on x-axis made by the circle x? + y? + 2gx+2fr te = 088 AB= Y Ola B (ii) The length of the intercept on Y-axis made by the circle x7 + y? + 2gr-#2fr+ c= 0is 14. (ii) Both the axes if g? = f/ 15, Notation’ @Sexrsy +2gert2fre wo KHIM ABER SO tHE “a P+ yt + 2gr, +2 Hite | i.és.=sf# (W) Sip a ta BOE) FSO FIC 16. (i) Parametric equations ofthe circle x? +y* =r? are given by x=rcos; y-=rsind where 9 isa parameter. The parametric point on the circle is P(8)=(rc0s0, rind) (0<0<2n) (i Parametric equations ofcicle (x-h)' +(y—k)' = 1° are given by NARAYAN: Page.No.15 Seared with CanScamerSEMOR IPE re here CDF MATERIAL yee rsind where 0) isa parameter The parametric point on the circle is PO)» (hs r cox, © rsin B®) Oc Ae dn) (i) Parametric equations of citcle § = 0 are givenby c= = + reas, y= =f ersin® f where r= Jy? + f° —e and 0 isa parameter. The pa 17. Tangent: ametric point on the citcle is P(#)=(-g + rcosO,~fersinO) (O<#<29) Tangent 5,0 Pra) (@-cauation oftangent tothe circle $= O ata point P(x,.3;,) 8 5, =0 where P(x,, y,) is called the point of contact of the tangent to the circle. () The equations oftangemts to the circle x? + y* =r? withslope m are y = mx ryi+m i) The equations of tangents to the circle where p= Jg?+Pme 19, Normal: Aline which is perpendicular to the tangent atthe point of contact, NOTE: The normal passes through the centre of the circle with slope m are y+ f=m(x+g)trviem noftangent to the circle x? + ph (i) The equi at Phx, 9) 844, + 99, Pu) Z F Normal (ii) The equation ofnormal at P(.x,,.,) tothecirele x7 + y? =r? is xy, — yx, = 0 (ii) The equation ofthe normalat P(.x,,.")) to thecircle x? + is (x—x (+ -(y-(ntg)=0 (i) The equation of tangent at @ onthe circle x? +y* +2grt2frte=0 s xcos0+ ysinO=r (ii) The equation of normal at @ on the circle s=x'+y"+2gr+2fr+e=0 is (x+g)cos0+(y+ f)sind 22, Theline [x + my + n= 0 (1 0) touches the circle §=0 when p = ¢ where risthe radius ofthe circle and d is the perpendicular distance from centre to the line. 23, ‘The equation to pair of tamgents from an external point P(., 5S, .);) tothe circle $ =0is 5? NARAYANA Page.No.16 Seared with CarScrrarsl NIOR IPE, PO 0) bea circle then Si, CDF MATERIAL (ii) Plies on the circle iff S,, = 0 he power ofapoint P(x,,y,) w.rto the circle S=0is CP? is VP —# P(x.) 24. Position ofa point warto a cire lez Let P(x,,9,) bea point and § (OP lies outside of thecircle if S,, > 0 (ii) Plies in side the cele itt ,, < 0 25. Power ofa point: 26. Length of Tanger The length ofthe tangent is | P7'| 27. Ifthe angle between the pair of tangents is @ then Tas = Pi et 28. ( 040, ) ( xeos| 1*8), sin 2 , i 30. The length of the chord AB of the circle where d=perpendicular distance from centre to chord AB r=radius of circle 31. Equation of the chord of contant of P(x,,y;) w.tt.S=0is §, =0 32, Equation of polar of P(x,,;) wrt. S=0is 5, =0 i 2 4D 2 Poneor? NARAYANA Ploete) Seared with CanScamer Page.No.17JOR IPE CDF MATERIAL The pole ofthe line fx + mj-+n=0 want x? 4 y? =p? i 34, The Pole of the line i+my+=0 wart. sax+y +2grt2frte=0 is (-+ ey mt ) Tg+mf—n Tg+mf—n 35. (i) The condition tha points P(x, y,) «O(xs,,) tobe conjugate points w.rtcircle $-0is§, (i) Ifthe fines f,x+ myn are conjugate lines wart etcle O;hx+my +m, then r? (hl, + mmy) = my Wthe lines jx m,y+1y =O:lx-+m,y-+m, 7 (hls + mm;)= (hg +m fm, (lag + mf =m) then are conjugate lines w.rt circle 36. Inverse point of PGx,y) wertcirele x? + y* =p 37. Relative position of two circles: Let $=0, §' =0 betwocircles with centres C,,C, andradii r, , 7, ( ICC, > 1; +1, thenthe two circles neither touches nor intersects. In this case, the number of common tangents is 4. (Two direct common tangents. Two Transverse common Tangents) Na LL 2 If C,C, = 7 +15, then the two circles touch externally In this case, the number of common tangents is3 (two direct common ahoents. One Traneverseenmmon Taneent) a= So — * (| ,-m eC <7, +r;- thenthe vo circles itersect each other Inthis case, the number of common tanzcnis i 2 (Direct common tangents) * g . , ci cf erally JCC, iy | then the wo circles touch eachother intemal (kee the rf eonsna tangents is | (Direct common tangent) NARAYANA . Page.No.18 Scared with CanScamerF RIAL SENIOR IPE CDF MATE! WHC, I, ~ 15] then one citele completely ies msde the other Inthis case, there is no common tangent can be drawn. 38, Centre of similitudes: (1) The external centre of similitude Q divides GC, in the ratio r :y, extremally 1. Angle between the two circles: 19 is the angle between two citcles $= 0, $' = 0 and C,,C, are centres and dis the distance between the centres. and. 7,7, are radii respectively, then Par ‘080 = —_1—_2_ “ Inn, (i) If 9 = 90° = two circles cut each other orthogonally and the condition is d? (ii) If 9 is the angle between the circles § = x° + y* +2yr+2fr+e=0 and Qg'x+2f'yte' 2. Radical axis :The radical axis of two circles is defined to be the locus of'a point which moves so that its powers with respect to the two circles are equal 0 cuteach other orthogonally is 2g! +247! =e +e! (IE § =0, 5! =0 areany two non-concentric circles then its radical axisis ¢ — s' =9 |ARAYANA Page.No.19 Seared with CanScamer