CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2:

TỪ VỰNG
A. WORD FORMATION
-         Xác định từ loại của từ cần tìm
-         Danh từ cần tìm số ít hay số nhiều
-         Động từ trong câu chia ở thì nào, theo chủ ngữ số ít hay số nhiều
-         Đáp án cần tìm có nghĩa tích cực (positive) hay tiêu cực (negative)
- Nếu đáp án cần tìm là danh từ thì xác định đó là danh từ chỉ người, vật, hay sự vật

Bước 1: Vị Trí Các Loại Từ Trong Câu

Từ loại Vị trí trong câu

Danh từ 1. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu)

Thanh is good at literature. 
2. Sau tính từ/ tính từ sở hữu: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful….
His father is a teacher
3. Sau động từ, làm tân ngữ
I like English.
 4. Sau “enough”
He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
 5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no,
many, much, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,…..
This book is an interesting book.
 6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at
Thanh is good at literature.
 
Tính từ 1. Trước danh từ: 
Adj + N
My Tam is a famous  singer.
2. Sau TO BE, và Động Từ NHÓM BE (tính chất như TO BE):
seem, get, become, feel, look, keep + ADJ
Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj
He makes me happy
3. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the
most, less, as….as)
 – Meat is more expensive  than fish.
– Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.
4. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán:
How +adj + S + V!
What + (a/an) + adj + N!
How nice  the boy is!
What a nice boy! 
Trạng từ 1. Trước động từ thường
I slowly read a book.
 2. Sau tân ngữ của động từ thường
I read a book slowly.
 3. Trước tính từ
It’s extremely cold.
 4. Trước trạng từ khác
He played very  well.
 5. Đầu câu
Luckily, he passed the test.
 6. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
I have recently  finished my homework.
Động từ Sau chủ ngữ, chia thì

Bước 2: Thành Lập Từ Loại
a. Thành lập Tính Từ 
N – ic Science/ scientific: khoa học
N – ous Fame/ famous: nổi tiếng
Danger/ dangerous: nguy hiểm
Poison/ poisonous: độc hại
N – able Reason/ reasonable: hợp lý
V – able Admire/ admirable: đáng phục
N – ish Child/
childish: như trẻ con (chê)
Childlike: giống trẻ con (khen)
V – tive Product/ productive: năng suất
Emphasis/ Emphatic: nhấn mạnh
miracle/ miraculous: huyền diệu
Marvel/ marvelous: tuyệt vời
Nerve/ nervous: căng thẳng
Fashion/ fashionable: hợp thời
comfort/ comfortable: tiện lợi
Self/ selfish: ích kỷ
Decorate/ decorative: để trang trí
 Protect/ protective: bảo vệ Collect/ collective: tập thể
N – ful Care/ careful Beauty/ beautiful
N- less Care/ careless Home/ Homeless
 
b. Thành lập Danh Từ
 
Hậu Ý nghĩa Ví dụ
tố
-er – Danh từ chỉ người, vật làm 1 công việc nhất Writer, painter, worker, actor, operator,
định projector
-or
-ee Chỉ người nhận hoặc trải qua một hành động Employee, trainee
nào đó
-tion Dùng để hình thành danh từ từ động từ Complication, admission, donation, alteration
-sion
-ion
-ment Chỉ hành động hoặc kết quả Entertainment, development
-ist Còn dùng để chỉ người chơi một loại nhạc cụ, Guitarist, violinist, pianist
chuyên gia một lĩnh vực…
Economist, biologist
-ness Dùng để hình thành danh từ từ tính từ Goodness, readiness, forgetfulness, happiness,
sadness, weakness
-hood Chỉ trạng thái hoặc phẩm chẩt Childhood,
-ship Chỉ trạng thái, phẩm chất, tình trạng, khả năng Friendship, citizenship, musicianship,
hoặc nhóm membership

c. Thành lập Động Từ

 
Adj- ize Real/ realize: nhận industrial/ industrialize: công commercial/ commercialize
thức rõ nghiệp hoá
Out – V Grow/ outgrow: phát outrun/ outrun: chạy nhanh hơn weigh/ outweigh: nặng hơn
triển hơn
Over- V Stay/overstay: ở quá take/ overtake: vượt, đuổi kịp work/ overwork: làm quá sức
lâu
Under-V sell/ undersell: bán rẻ do/ undergo: chịu đựng charge/ undercharge: định giá
hơn thấp hơn
 
Bước 3: Để ý số ít, số nhiều, từ nghĩa tích cực, tiêu cực

Tiền tố phủ định Ví dụ

im- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu m hoặc p) Immature, impatient
ir- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu r) Irreplaceable, irregular
il- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu l) Illegal, illegible, illiterate
in- Inconvenient, inedible
dis- Disloyal, disadvantageous
un- Uncomfortable, unsuccessful

Practice:
1. D.E Huges was the ____inventor______ of microphone. INVENT
2. If it doesn't rain soon, there'll be a great ___ shortage _______ of water. SHORT

I am short of money: Tôi đang thiêu tiền  shortage: sự thiếu hụt

3. Taxi drivers have to have a very good ___knowledge_______ on the street names. KNOW
4. Environmental __protection________ is every body's responsi’bility. PROTECT En’vironment =
environ’mental
5. He has a bad cold. He feels very ___unpleasant______. PLEASANT
6. The surgeons tried their best to save his life, but unfortunately the operation was__ unsuccessful ____
SUCCESS (n) sự thành công  Successful (adj) thành công  unsuccessful
7. Minh plays volleyball very ___(adv) skillfully_______ . SKILL (n) kĩ năng
8. We mustn’t be __careless_____ when we cross busy streets. CARE
9. There are many badminton _____competitions_______ nowadays. COMPETE
10. I’d like a nice ____juicy____ orange. JUICE
11. It’s very ___________ of you to give me a lift. HELP
12. I found the film ___(adj) ________________ . EXCITEMENT
13. There are four _________________in my house. BOOKSHELF
14. I’m Vietnamese. What’s your ______________________. NATION
15. Mrs Brown lived lonely in her _____________________. POOR
16. A fairy appeared and ____________ changed Miss Tam’s rags into beautiful clothes. MAGIC
 17. Television can make things more_____________________. because it brings both sounds and pictures.
MEMORY
18. Tim is one of the _____________________. on a boat trip on Lake Michigan. PARTICIPATE
19. We should not waste _____________________. and water. ELECTRIC
20. Let him do it _____________________. HE
21. Mary likes attending the English _____________________ contests. SPEAK
22. He is among the most famous _____________________ in the world. ARCHITECTURE

B. PHRASAL VERBS
1. He told us to use our dictionaries to __________every word we didn’t understand.
A. look out B. look for C. look at D. look up
2. Yesterday I came ________ your brother when I was going to school.
A. of B. to C. about D. across
3. Pick _________ your litter! Don’t drop it on the street!
A. on B. up C.out D.back
4. My sister has decided to lose weight, so she is living ______ oranges for a week.
A. with B. on C. in D. by
5. _______ your shoes __________ before you trip over..
A. Do/up B. Get/ on C. Take/ to D. Get/off
6. What food should you eat if you want to ______ on weight?
A. take B. get C. put D. carry
7. Constantly staying in cold weather may bring ______________ pneumonia.
A. in B. about C. up D. on
8. _______ up late. It is harmful to your health.
A. Don‘t stay B. Not stay C. Not to stay D. Stay
9. Peter broke his leg when he fell ____________ his bike.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
10. We had a long way to go so we ____________off very early
A. made B. put C. set D. went
11. I was named ______________ a wealthy relative of my Mom‘s
A. after B. to C. as D. in on
12. Could I______________on these shoes, please? Size nine.
A. look B. put C. try D. turn
13. It took a long time for him to get _____.the disappointment of losing the match.
A. off B.over C. down D. through
14. I’ve been trying to ring him all evening but I can’t _____.
A. get over B. get through C. get across D. get by

COMMON PHRASAL VERBS

Bring Bring up: To mention something
Bring on: To cause something to happen, usually something negative.
Call Call off: cancel
Come Come up (with something): To think of an idea
Come across
To meet or find by chance.
Come down with something: get sick
Do0 Do away with something:
Drop Drop by/in: To stop by for a visit, for a short time.
Drop off: To leave something or someone in their destination.
Fill Fill (someone) in: To give someone the details about something.
Get Get away with: escape.
Get along (with): have a good relationship with someone.
Get over sth: get better
Get through: connect on a phone
Give Give in: surrender.
Give up: stop trying .
Get round/ around to something
Give something away: ruin a secret
Look Look up to somebody: respect
Look down on: disrespect
Look after: take care of
Make Make something up: invent sth
Pass Pass away: die
 Pass out: faint
Put Put out: extinguish a fire
Put on: To get your clothes or makeup on
Put something off: postpone
Put up with somebody/ something: tolerate
Take Take off: remove clothes/leave for a journey
Take after sb: look after sb
Take over: take control of sth
Set Set up: establish sth
Set off: start a journey

C. SYNONYMS/ANTONYMS

SYNONYMS (CLOSEST)
1. Acupuncture can treat from simple to complicated ailments.
A. cures B. diseases C. points D. treatments
2. We always split the housework equally – my mom cooks, my dad cleans the house and I do the washing -
up.
A. join B. merge C. share D. pick up
3. Parent are recommended to collaborate with teachers in educating children.
A. part B. work with C. separate D. disagree.
4. Acupuncture originated in China and has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years.
A. began B. made C. used D. banned
5. In some rural areas, women and girls are forced to do most of the housework.
A. invited B. allowed C. made D. contributed
6. Much has to be done to achieve gender quality in employment opportunities.
A. get rid of B. obtain C. give up D. throw away
7. Our government has done a lot to eliminate gender inequality.
A. cause B. remove C. add D. allow
8. We never allow any kind of discrimination against girls at school.
A. approve B. deny C. refuse D. ban
ANTONYMS (OPPOSITE)
1. From my point of view, parental divorce can cause lasting negative consequences for children.
A. beginning of a marriage B. the situation of not marrying
C. single person D. ending of a marriage
2. It is important to create a daily routine so as to improve your work-life balance today.
A. a situation in which two or more things are not treated the same
B. a state that things are of equal weight or force
C. a state that things are of importance
D. a situation that things change frequently in amount
3. The gender gap in primary education has been eliminated.
A. variety B. inconsistency C. difference D. similarity
4. The United Kingdom has made a remarkable progress in gender equality.
A. insignificant B. impressive C. notable D. famous
5. Men and women equally gain first class degrees.
A. acquire B. lose C. achieve D. obtain

D. PREPOSITIONS
I. PREPOSITIONS
We will be there_______ 5 o’clock early_______ the morning.
A. in/ on B. on/ in C. at/ in D. in/ at
They are going to get married ______________ the first month of the year.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
His grandfather died _______________the age of 90.
A.in B.of C.on D.at
His house has been sold ______ $ 1,000,000.
A. at B. for C. in D. with
My uncle used to live ______ a farm when he was young.
A. in B. at C. during D. on
Micheal is not at home currently. I suppose he is ___________ holiday.
A. in B. on C. at D. away
The building was built ________________ 1962 and 1969.
A. between B. from C. since D. For
The book is ___________________ the adventure of three closed friends.
A. on B. from C. at D. about
What__________________going to Hanoi tomorrow?
A. to B. in C. about D. For

II. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

What can we do to prevent people ______ throwing drink cans away?.
A. in B. of C. on D. from
Are you interested ________________ playing badminton after class?
A. in B. with C. on D. For
Our neighbors are very ________________ on camping holidays.
A. interested B. fond C. eager D. keen
Drinking and smoking will do great harm________________ people’s health.
A.to B.for C. with D.in
We have not seen each other ______last Sunday.
A. for B. since C. on D. in
I am fed ______________ hanging around here with nothing to do.
A. up on B. out of C. up with D. by
Wearing uniforms help poor students feel equal _________ others.
A. up B. on C. off D. to
Too many tests and exams have put high school students ______________ pressure.
A. in B. on C. under D. into
Were you absent_______ school last Monday?
A. from B. at C. in D. on
He is getting married____________a famous film star this weekend.
A. with B. to C. for D. after
Are you proud _____________ your country and its tradition?
A. about B. on C. of D. For
I‘m looking ________________ to hearing from you.
A. at B. after C. over D. forward
Sweating increases ________________ Vigorous exercise or hot weather.
A. during B. when C. at the time D. for
Kristin Duquette was congratulated________________ her many successes, including her flight for the rights
of
disabled people.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
E. EXPRESSIONS AND IDIOMS
If you are tired, you should ___________________ a break.
A. make B. do C. take D. go
You should pay ______ to what the instruction is saying.
A. attendance B. intention C. convention D. attention
The new shopping mall is quite _____________ the present shopping area.
A. different from B. like to C. similar D. the same
You can contact us if anything ______________ with our plan.
A. goes wrong B. comes bad C. is out of luck D. loses control
The jokes Jack tell are as old as ______________.
A. the earth B. the mountains C. the hills D. the oceans
The articles I have cut out from newspapers for years are now ______________ with age.
A. old B. yellowed C. blackened D. torn
I don‘t like to ask people for help but I wonder if you could ____ me a favour.
A. make B. do C. find D. pick
G. VOCABULARY DRILLS
Hoa works very________________ so she always gets good marks.
A. badly B. good C. hardly D. hard
Lomonosov was not________________ a great scientist but also a very talented poet.
A.fairly B. merely C. baldly D.scarcely
Do you find anything ________________ there?
A. interested B. useful C. bored D. easily
They invite special________________ to appear in the show.
A. character B. guests C. foxes D. audiences.
My father works late tomorrow, so he will________________ the first part of the film on VTV1.
A. miss B. lose C. forget D. Cut
The heavy rain has caused________________ in many parts of the country.
A. storms B. droughts C. typhoon D. floods
They________________ from Canada to America to find work.
A. started B. demonstrated C. delivered D. emigrated
Typhoons, floods or droughts can easily ____________________ _ a harvest.
A. finish B. destroy C. provide D. defeat
Soak some old newspapers in a ______ of water overnight.
A. pair B. bunch C. bucket D. tube
As soon as Kate failed to do the job the third time, she got the ______________.
A. promotion B. recommendation C. rearrangement D. sack
It is ______________ knowledge that you have to drink more fluids when you have flu.
A. common B. popular C. widespread D. updated
From now on, you have to ____________responsibility for the sales figures.
A. get B. acquire C. assume D. accept
In a report submitted to the government yesterday, scientists ______________ that the building of the bridge
be stopped.
A. banned B. complained C. said D. recommended
If you come to the theatre late, you have to wait until the ______________ to get in.
A. break B. interval C. refreshment D. half-time
The passage…………… that the first settlers were Spanish.
A. refers B. instills C. implies D. infers
There are not many interesting……………. of news in the ‘Evening’.
A. parts B. articles C. C. loads D. items
“Would you like a cup of tea?” The person is________________
A. giving advice B. offering something C. asking permission D. making a request
There is no________________ in going to school if you’re not willing to learn.
A. reason B. aim C. point D. purpose
There was no _____ in continuing for him the race was over.
A. value B. worth C. point D. profit
_________ is a person who work at home and take care of the house and family.
A. Breadwinner B. Homemaker C. Servant D. Houseman
_______ is a person who installs and repairs water pipes.
A. electrician B. carpenter C. locksmith D. plumper
Nguyen Du is a famous_______ in Vietnam.
A. musician B. designer C. correspondent D. poet
_________ is a large piece of furniture where you can hang your clothes.
A. Wardrobe B. Refrigerator C. Desk D. Counter
They are ____________ that their son won the championship.
A. delighted B. pleasing C. sad D. interesting
Letting children under six walking alone to school is________________
A. irresponsible B. immature C. imperfect D. inaccurate
It’s ________________ that Earth’s population will be over nine billion in 2050.
A. estimated B. examined C. decreased D. increased
I bought some lovely red……________________ ……..today.
A. cabbages B. cucumbers C. berries D. pineapples
I like this essay because it’s very________________
A. imaginative B. imaginary C. imaginable D. imagination
All his children speak________________ Chinese.
A. flowing B. smoothly C. fluent D. easy
The Earth is a planet which revolves around the ___________.
A. Sun B. Mercury C. Moon D. Jupiter
One way to stay healthy is making exercising part of your _______________
A. chore B. routine C. frequency D. ritual
It seems that sheep are also social animals that can recognize other sheep as well as ______humans.
A. ordinary B. usual C. familiar D. frequent