WORKLIST

SM1

All things are difficult before they are easy

 Unit__1__: Outlook and Behavior
PREVIEW
outlook /ˈaʊt.lʊk// a particular attitude towards something; a way of thinking
perspective about something
/pəˈspek.tɪv/
(n) [on . He had a practical outlook on life.
something]
optimist (n) a person who always expects good things to happen or things to
be successful
/ˈɒptɪmɪst/
. He’s an incurable optimist.
pessimist (n) a person who always expects bad things to happen
/ˈpesɪmɪst
. You don't have to be a pessimist to realize that we're in
trouble.
realist (n) a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is
/ˈrɪə.lɪst/ and does not try to pretend that it is different

. I'm a realist—I know you can't change people overnight.

global warming the increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is
(n) caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon
dioxide

come down with to get an illness that is not very serious

something (phv)
. I think I'm coming down with flu.
call in sick (phv) If you call in sick, you telephone the place where you work
to tell them you will not be coming to work because you are ill.

. 'Shouldn't you be at work today?'—'I called in sick.'

LESSON 1
easygoing (adj) relaxed and happy to accept things without worrying or getting
ˈi·ziˈɡoʊ·ɪŋ angry

. I wish I had such easy-going parents!

considerate / always thinking of other people’s wishes and feelings; careful
/kənˈsɪdərət/ not to hurt or upset others
thoughtful (adj)
/ˈθɔːt.fəl/ . She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.

modest (adj) not talking much about your own abilities or possessions
/ˈmɒd.ɪst/
. She's very modest about her success.
outgoing liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being
/ˌaʊtˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ// friendly towards them
sociable
/ˈsəʊ.ʃə.bəl/ (adj) . She was always cheerful and outgoing.
trustworthy that you can rely on to be good, honest, sincere, etc.
/ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði//
reliable (adj) . We are looking for someone who is trustworthy and hard-
/rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ working.
serious (adj) A serious person is quiet, thinks carefully about things, and
/ˈsɪə.ri.əs/ does not laugh a lot.

. I remember her as a very serious child.

punctual (adj) happening or doing something at the arranged or correct time;
/ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/ not late

. Always be punctual for an interview.

liberal (adj) respecting and allowing many
ˈlɪbərəl different types of beliefs or behaviour

. Her parents were far more liberal than mine.

conservative (adj) opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you
/kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/ prefer traditional styles and values

. Older people tend to be more conservative and

a bit suspicious of anything new.
LESSON 2
a pain in the neck a person or thing that is very annoying
(n)
a people person a person who enjoys, and is good at, being with and talking to
(n) other people

a sweetheart (n) a kind and generous person

a team player (n) a person who is good at working as a member of a team,

usually in their job

. Some of his colleagues have accused him of not being a team

player.
a tyrant (n) a ruler who has unlimited power over other people, and uses
/ˈtaɪrənt/ it unfairly and cruelly

. His boss is a complete tyrant.

a workaholic (n) a person who works very hard and finds it difficult to stop
/ˌwɜːkəˈhɒlɪk/ working and do other things

LESSON 3
epidemic (n) a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the
/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ same time in a particular community

terrorism (n) the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to
/ˈterərɪzəm/ force a government to act

drug trafficking the crime of trading in illegal drugs

(n)(drʌɡ
ˈtræfɪkɪŋ)
corruption dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in authority
(n)kəˈrʌpʃn
sanitation the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by
(n)ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn removing human waste

LESSON 4
save the day to do something that prevents a likely defeat or failure
absent-minded tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking
(adj) about what is around you, but about something else
ə
/ˌæb.s ntˈmaɪn.dɪd/
. Grandpa’s becoming quite absent-minded.
affectionate (adj) showing caring feelings and love for somebody
/əˈfekʃənət/
. He is very affectionate towards his children.
spot (v) to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when
/spɒt/ it is not easy to do so

. I've just spotted a mistake on the front cover.

stash (v) to store something in a safe or secret place
/stæʃ/
. The gun was stashed under the bed.
snoop (n) a person who looks around a place secretly to find out private
snuːp things about somebody

come across (phv) to meet or find somebody/something by chance

 . She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
burst (n) a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that
/bɜːst/ often starts suddenly

. bursts of laughter
restful (adj) calm
/ˈrest.fəl/
restless (adj) unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are
/ˈrest.ləs/ bored or need a change

. The children always get restless on long trips.

helpful (adj) useful / willing to help somebody
/ˈhelp.fəl/
helpless (adj) unable to take care of yourself or do things without the help of
/ˈhelp.ləs/ other people

. It's natural to feel helpless against such abuse.

pitiful (adj) deserving pity or causing you to feel pity
/ˈpɪt.i.fəl/
. The horse was a pitiful sight (= because it was very thin or
sick).
pitiless (adj) showing no pity; cruel
/ˈpɪt.i.ləs/
. a pitiless killer/tyrant
 Unit 2: MUSIC AND OTHER ARTS
PREVIEW
Beat (n.) The rhythm of a piece of music (nhịp)
/biːt/
Lyrics (n.) Words of a song (lời)
/ˈlɪr·ɪks/
Melody (n.) The order of notes in a musical piece (giai điệu)
/ˈmel.ə.di/
Sound (n.) The particular style or quality of an artist’s group (chất âm)
/saʊnd/
Voice (n.) The quality of sound produced when one sings (chất giọng)
/vɔɪs/
Extraordinary Greater or better than usual (= excellent, xuất chúng)
(adj.)
/ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.i/
Catchy (adj.) Pleasing and easily to remember (dễ nhớ)
/ˈkætʃ.i/
EXPRESSIONS
I’m in you want to indicate your willingness to participate. (tham gia)
It’s nothing to you think there’s nothing special about something (sth.) (không
write home about. có gì đặc biệt)
It isn’t my thing. You indicate that sth isn’t your personal taste. (không thích gì
đó)
He’s hard to You think someone (s.o) is hard to satisfy. (ai đó khó làm cho
please. hài lòng)
I don’t mean to be You want to apologize for making trouble. (Không có ý làm
a pain. phiền)
It’s right up your You think s.o will definitely be interested in something. (Bạn
alley. sẽ thích….)
Now you’re You think s.o has made a good suggestion. (Ý kiến hay)
talking.
LESSON 1
Drop by (v.) To pay an informal visit to a person or a place (ghé qua)

Example: I’ve been dropping by the Sao Paulo Museum of Art

about every month or so.
Productive (adj.) (= fruitful) doing or achieving a lot (có năng suất)
/prəˈdʌk.tɪv/
Example: I’ve noticed that music actually makes me more
productive.
Unwind (v.) To stop worrying or thinking about problems and start to relax.
/ʌnˈwaɪnd/ (thư giãn)
 Example: Music helps me unwind after a busy day.
Contemporary Art Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second
/kənˈtem.pər.ər.i/ half of the 20th century or in the 21st century (nghệ thuật
Đương Đại)

LESSON 2
Sentimental (adj.) of or prompted by feelings of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia
/ˌsen.tɪˈmen.təl/ (ủy mị)

Example: He gets sentimental and starts crying when

we talk about his mother.
Commercial (adj.) used to describe a record, film, book, etc. that has
/kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/ been produced with the aim of making money and as
a result has little artistic value (có tính thương mại)

Dated (adj.) Old-fashioned (lỗi thời)

/ˈdeɪ.tɪd/
Example: Spy thrillers with plots based on the Cold
War look particularlydated nowadays.
Repetitive (adj.) involving doing or saying the same thing
/rɪˈpet.ə.tɪv/ several times, especially in a way that is boring (có tính lặp lại)

Example: a repetitive pattern of behavior

EXPRESSIONS
Don’t get me Don’t misunderstand me!
wrong!
Way too much Much too emotional or sentimental
feeling
Leave you cold Cause you not to feel any emotions.
To do something You just want to get rich doing something.
just for the money
To be way ahead To have a big lead on something
of
LESSON 3
Gifted (adj.) having a natural ability to do one or more things extremely well
/ˈɡɪf.tɪd/ (tài năng)
Energetic (adj.) very active, physically and mentally (năng động)
/ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/
Imaginative (adj.) able to think of new and interesting ideas (có trí tưởng tượng)
/ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nə.tɪv/
Passionate (adj.) showing a strong liking for something and being very dedicated
/ˈpæʃ.ən.ət/ to it (đam mê)
Eccentric (adj.) behaving in an unusual way or appearing different from most
/ɪkˈsen.trɪk/ people (lập dị)
Difficult (adj.) never satisfied and hard to please (khó tính)
/ˈdɪf.ɪ.kəlt/
Moody (adj.) becoming quickly and easily annoyed or unhappy (tính tình hay
/ˈmuː.di/ thay đổi)
Egotistical (adj.) believing oneself to be better or more important than other
/ˈiː.ɡə.tɪ.zəm/ people (kiêu ngạo)

Aristocratic circles Groups of people in the highest social class that had a lot of
(n.phr) land and money (tầng lớp quí tộc)
/ˌær.ɪˈstɒk.rə.si/
Insult (v.) To offend sb. (xúc phạm ai đó)
/ˈɪn.sʌlt/
Temperament (n.) A person’s character or personality (tính khí)
/ˈtem.pər.ə.mənt/
Mutter (v.) To speak in a low incomprehensive voice (lầm bầm)
/ˈmʌt.ər/
Roaring applause Loud noise of people clapping their hands repeatedly (vỗ tay
(n.phr) vang dội)
/ˈrɔː.rɪŋ/ /əˈplɔːz/
Funeral (n.) ceremony for burying or burning the body of a dead person
/ˈfjuː.nər.əl/ (đám tang)
 Unit 3: Fears, Hardships, and Heroism
PREVIEW

a big spender (n) a person who regularly spends a lot of money

/ˈspen.dər/
Johnny, my cousin, is a big spender.

thrifty (adj) careful not to spend too much money

/ˈθrɪf.ti/
 He was thrifty and anxious to leave to his son a full treasury.

a cheapskate (n) a person who hates to spend money
/ˈtʃiːp.skeɪt/
Boy gets his mother a pen for 50p as a Christmas present.
What a cheap skate!

way over our more than we can spend

budget (exp)
I really wanted to buy that new television, but it’s way over my
budget.

astronomical (adj) very, very high

/ˌæs.trəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/
She is stinky rich! She just bought an airplane. I’m pretty sure
the price was astronomical.

chip in (exp) contribute some of the cost

We’ll have enough money to buy a new car if everyone chips

in.

save up a little for kept some money in case of an emergency

a rainy day(exp)
I’m sure you know the importance of saving up a little for a
rainy day, right?

impulse item something you buy without thinking much about it

(n.phr)
/ˈɪm.pʌls/ I hate seeing my impulse items after shopping.
gimmick (n) a valueless feature

/ˈɡɪm.ɪk/ Some people think voice-activated car feature is just a

gimmick.

have your heart really want

set on (exp)
I’ve already had my heart set on that motorbike.

word of honor Promise

(exp)
I'll be good to you always, I give you my word of honor.

shell out (v.phr) Pay

There’s no way, I’ll shell out my hard-earned money for

that smart phone.

matter of principle something that’s right

(exp)
It’s a matter of principle.

LESSON 1 Express buyer’s remorse

remorse (n) a strong feeling of sadness for doing something bad; regret
/rɪˈmɔːs/
He felt no remorse for spending his wife’s hard-earned money.
It costs so much Car repair isn’t cheap. It costs so much to maintain.
to maintain. (exp)
It takes up so Buying this huge television is a mistake. It takes up so much
much room. (exp) room.
It’s so hard I don’t think I will understand how to use this treadmill. It’s so
to operate. (exp) hard to operate.
It’s so hard to I just don’t know how to assemble this bike. It’s so hard to put
put together.(exp) together.
It just sits around I never use the blender I bought last year. It just sits around
collecting dust. collecting dust.
(exp)
LESSON 2 Talk about financial goals and plans

a long-term goal something that will take a longer time to achieve

(n.phr)
My long-term goal is to save enough money to buy a new
house.

a short-term something you want to do in the near future

goal(n.phr)
My short-term goal is to make a budget for my monthly
expenses and stick to it.

budget (n) a plan of how available money will be spent

/ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/
The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.

to play one’s means to follow a specific order of events as a result of which a

cards right (exp) goal

If you play your cards right, you could make a lot

of money out of this.

something is up in something is still not figured out; it’s uncertain.

the air (exp)
Our wedding is still up in the air.

financially means able to support oneself and no longer depending on

independent (exp) parents for money

At the age of 16, I was already financially independent.

to be in debt (exp) to owe money for something.

No one wants to be in debt for sure.

LESSON 3 Discuss good and bad money management

to live within to live within one’s budget or income, not spend more than one
one’s means (exp) can afford

I always live within my means.

keep track of stay informed about something
someone’s
expenses (exp) I keep track of my expenses by writing down everything I buy
whenever I go shopping.

save regularly I always make sure I save my money in the bank regularly.
(exp)
always pay
someone’s credit Mrs. Anderson always pays her credit card bills in full.
card bills in full
(exp)
live beyond Marie lives beyond her means. She has no savings in the bank
someone’s means and always ends up borrowing money from her sister.
(exp)
don’t know where Lisa can’t remember where she spent this week’s allowance.
the money goes She doesn’t know where the money goes.
(exp)
live paycheck I never spend everything I earn because I don’t want to live
to paycheck(exp) paycheck to paycheck.

drowning in debt I use twelve credit cards, and now I’m drowning in debt.
(exp)

drowning in (exp) to have a serious problem that is hard to handle

I'm drowning in unpaid bills.

loose change refers to coins that you get after you use paper money
(exp)
I always put my loose change in a jar.

to make a to earn enough money to support oneself

living(exp)
It’s not always easy to make a living.

to make to earn a high salary to support oneself comfortably

a good living
(exp) People do everything to make a good living.

shoot (exp) an expression in spoken American English used to tell someone

/ʃuːt/ to start speaking

A: Can I ask you something?

 B: Sure! Shoot!

a whopper (n) something unusually big

/ˈwɒp.ər/
Amanda's told some whoppers in her time.

to make a dent in to reduce the amount of something

(exp)
Sarah needs to make a dent in her credit card use.

LESSON 4 Explain reasons for charitable giving

Charity(n) an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who
/ˈtʃær.ə.ti/ are poor, sick, etc.

It’s better to donate money to charity sometimes.

Non-profit organizations that use money they earn to help people instead of
organizations making a profit
(n.phr)
AIESEC is one of the famous non-profit organizations in the
world.

a philanthropist a rich person who gives a lot of money to help poor people
(n)
/fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/ Christopher Reeve was a philanthropist.

a reputation(n) the opinion people have about something or someone based on

/ˌrep.jəˈteɪ.ʃən/ what has happened in the past

Harvard University has a great reputation.

a border(n) the official line that separates two countries, states, or areas
/ˈbɔː.dər/
You can get to the United States by crossing the border, which
is illegal.

a founding belief the idea or conviction upon which the charity was created
(n)
/bɪˈliːf/ MSF’s founding belief is that medical care should be available
to everyone, regardless of location.
resilient (adj) capable of becoming strong, happy, or successful again after a
/rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/ difficult situation or event

Corals are resilient to change, but if subjected to current levels

of stress, they are in danger of extinction within a few decades.

a coral reef (n) a line of hard rocks formed by coral—it is found in warm
/ˌkɒr.əl ˈriːf/ shallow sea water

Poor water quality is a threat to healthy coral reef.

a three- pronged a method that involves three different ways that an aim is
approach (n.phr) achieved (a different number could replace three-)
/-prɒŋd/ /əˈprəʊtʃ/
They employ a three pronged approach: reducing threats such
as overfishing and poor water quality; helping communities
benefit socially, culturally, and economically from
conservation; and working directly with the tourism industry
to decrease its environmental footprint.
 Unit 4: CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE
PREVIEW
fashionable/styli representing a style being worn by many people who dress well
sh (a)
/ˈfæʃ.ən.ə.bəl/ Ex: Her preference is for comfortable rather than stylish clothes.
/ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/
funky (a) modern and attractive, but in an unconventional way
/ˈfʌŋ.ki/
Ex: She has some really funky clothes.
trendy (a): a temporarily popular style that probably won’t last
/ˈtren.di/
Ex: Young generation prefers wearing trendy clothes to classic ones.
classic(a) an unchanging style that is always fashionable
/ˈklæs.ɪk/
elegant(a) : beautiful and of high quality
/ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/
Ex: She wore an elegant dove-grey jacket.
subdued(a) : (of colors) not too bright or too colorful
/səbˈdʒuːd/
loud (a) : (of colors) very bright and too attention-getting
/laʊd/
attract too much make someone notice you
attention
(idiom): Ex: I knocked on the window to attract her attention.
over the top too extreme and not suitable or demanding too much attention in an
(idiom): uncontrolled way

Ex: I thought the decorations were very over the top.

wouldn’t be someone dislikes something very much
caught dead
(idiom): Ex: I wouldn't be caught dead wearing a sexy dress like that.

give a second worry about something

thought (idiom):
Ex: Don't give a second thought to that broken vase.
have a point have a good suggestion or an idea
(idiom):
Ex: Animal rights campaigners have a point when they say
that a lot of animal testing is unnecessary.
LESSON 1
frumpy (a): old-fashioned, loose
/ˈfrʌm.pi/
Ex: She wore a frumpy cardigan to the party last night.
flashy (a): looking too bright
/ˈflæʃ.i/
Long-sleeved (a) having long sleeves
/sliːvd/

Short-sleeved having sleeves that do not reach below the elbow

(a) :

Low-cut (a) : A low-cut piece of women's clothing does

not cover her neck and the top part of her chest

Print (a) : having a pattern in a piece of cloth

Striped (a) : having a strip on the surface of something that is a

/straɪpt/ different colour from the surrounding surface

Plaid(a) : having a pattern of squares and lines on cloth,

/plæd/ or cloth with
this pattern
Solid (a) being pure and not having anything else mixed together
/ˈsɒl.ɪd/ with it

A cocktail dress a dress worn for a special social occasion in the evening,
(n) : such as a party or dance.
/ˈkɒk.teɪl ˌdres/

A dress shirt (n) A white dress shirt and either a black bow tie or four-in-
: hand necktie, for formal and semi-formal functions, is
worn.

An evening special clothing worn for formal events, such

gown (n) : as special evening meals
/ɡaʊn/

A tuxedo (n) : a man's black or white jacket worn at formal social

/tʌkˈsiː.dəʊ/ events, usually in the evening, with matching trousers and
a bow tie

Be in good taste Be acceptable in a way that will not upset or anger people

Ex:I don't doubt that the sculpture was in good taste, but I don't think i
t was done well.
Be in bad taste Be unacceptable in a way that will upset or anger people
 Ex: Some people thought that wearing such a bright outfit to a funeral
was in really bad taste.
LESSON 2
Dress up (phv) put on formal clothes for a special occasion
Ex: You need to dress up for this event tonight-
a suit and tie would be appropriate.
Dress down intentionally wear informal clothes of the type that will
(phv) not attract attention

Ex: We're allowed to dress down on Fridays if we don't have any big
meetings scheduled.
Pendulum (n): a change, especially from one opinion to an opposite one
/ˈpen.dʒəl.əm/
Ex: As so often in education, the pendulum has swung back to the
other extreme and testing is popular again.
Conservative (a) not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change
/kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/
Ex: Older people tend to be more conservative and a bit suspicious of
anything new.
Resist (v) refuse to accept or be changed by something
/rɪˈzɪst/ Ex: The party leader resisted demands for his resignation.
LESSON 3
Procedure (n) a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something
/prəˈsiː.dʒər/
Ex: The company has introduced new procedures
for dealing with customer complaints.
bacteria (n): very small organisms that are found everywhere and are the cause of
/bækˈtɪə.ri.ə/ many diseases

Ex: Food must be heated to a

high temperature to kill harmful bacteria.
pathogen (n): any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium that
/ˈpæθ.ə.dʒən/ can cause disease
infection(n) : a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus
/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/
Ex: The breathing problem has now been complicated by
a chest infection.
disinfect: (v) to clean something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other
/ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfekt/ very small living things that cause disease
 Ex: When you disinfect something, you clean it to remove harmful
organisms.
sanitize(v) : to make something completely clean and free from bacteria
/ˈsæn.ɪ.taɪz/
Ex: The majority of public swimming pools are sanitized with chlorine.
predator(n): an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food
/ˈpred.ə.tər/
mislabel (v) : to put information that is not correct on something
/ˌmɪsˈleɪbəl/
Ex: Because it was mislabeled, the wrong part was sent to us.
fish pedicure (n) a beauty treatment for
/ˈped.ɪ.kjʊər/ the feet that involves cutting and
sometimes painting the nails, and
massaging (= rubbing) the skin or making
it feel softer by fish
exfoliate (v): to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin,
/eksˈfəʊ.li.eɪt/ in order to improve its appearance pose a threat

LESSON 4
self-confidence the belief that one has the ability to do things well
(n) : Ex: Parents can build their children’s self-confidence by helping them
/ˌselfˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns develop their talents and abilities.
/
Self-confident believing that one has the ability to do things well.
(a)
/ˌselfˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt Ex: Janet is a very self-confident young woman. She’ll do well at
/ university.
Self-esteem(n) the attitude of acceptance and approval on oneself
/ˌself.ɪˈstiːm/
Ex: High self-esteem can help a person succeed, and low self-esteem
can be damaging.
Self-image(n) the opinion one has about one’s own abilities, appearance and
/ˌselfˈɪm.ɪdʒ/ character

Ex: A person’s self-image is often formed very early in life.

Self-pity(n) the feeling of being sorry for oneself
/ˌselfˈpɪt.i/
Ex: When you feel that life is unfair and that others have treated you
poorly, it’s not unusual to feel self-pity.
Self-centered (a) interested only in oneself
/ˌselfˈsen·tərd/
 Ex: Children are naturally self-centered, but they usually learn to be
more interested in others as they grow up.
Self- worried about that one looks like or what other people think of one’s
conscious(a) appearance
/ˌselfˈkɒn.ʃəs/
Ex: Everyone at the meeting was dressed casually, so I felt self-
conscious in my suit.
Self-critical (a) tending to find fault with oneself

Ex: Paul is too self-critical. He always focuses on his mistakes rather

than his accomplishments
 Unit 5: Communities
PREVIEW
Urban(adj)
/ˈɜː.bən/
of or in a city or town

 Ex: Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in

some urban areas.

Rural(adj)
/ˈrʊə.rəl/
in, of, or like the countryside

Ex: The area is still very rural and undeveloped.

Suburb (n)
/ˈsʌb.ɜːb/
an area on the edge of a large town or city
where people who work in the town or city often live

Ex: Box Hill is a suburb of Melbourne.

Bustling (adj) If a place is bustling, it is full of busy activity
/ˈbʌs.lɪŋ/
Ex: The house, usually bustling with activity,
was strangely silent.
Look on the bright sight choose to have an optimistic viewpoint
(exp)
Look out for each other take care of other people
(exp)
A mixed blessing (exp) something that has both a good and bad side
Mind their own not intrude in other people’s lives
business(exp)
Take some getting used require time to get comfortable with something
to (exp)
Mean well(exp) have good intentions
Get a lot to offer(exp) have many advantages

LESSON 1: Politely ask someone not to do something

Acceptable(adj) satisfactory and able to be agreed to or approved of
/əkˈsept.ə.bəl/
Ex: This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.
Considerate(adj) Kind and helpful
/kənˈsɪd.ər.ət/
 Ex: It wasn't very considerate of you to drink all the milk.
Proper(adj) real, satisfactory, suitable, or correct
/ˈprɒp.ər/
Ex: She likes everything to be in its proper place.
Respectful(adj) showing admiration for someone or something
/rɪˈspekt.fəl/
Ex: "We're so pleased to meet you at last," he said in a
respectful tone of voice.
Responsible(adj) to have control and authority over something or someone
/rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ and the duty of taking care of it, him, or her

Ex: Her department is

responsible for overseeing the councils.
Appropriate(adj) suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion
/əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/
Ex: I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at
the time.
Courteous(adj) polite and showing respect
/ˈkɜː.ti.əs/
Ex: Although she often disagreed with me, she was
always courteous.
Excusable(adj) deserving to be forgiven
/ɪkˈskjuː.zə.bəl/
Ex: Considering her difficult childhood her behavior is
excusable.
Imaginable(adj) possible to think of
/ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nə.bəl/
Ex: The school offers courses in
every subject imaginable.
Pleasant(adj) enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or easy to like
/ˈplez.ənt/
Ex: a pleasant climate/smile/person
Rational(adj) based on clear thought and reason
/ˈræʃ.ən.əl/
Ex: He was too upset to be rational.
Mature(adj) like an adult
/məˈtʃʊər/
Ex: He's very mature for his age.

LESSON 2: Complain about public conduct

Conduct (n) Behaviour
/kənˈdʌkt/
Ex: The club has a strict code (= set of rules) of conduct.
 LESSON 3: Suggest ways to avoid being a victim of
urban crime
Vulnerable(adj) able to be easily physically, emotionally, or
/ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/ mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked
Ex: I felt very vulnerable, standing there without
any clothes on.
Congregate (v) to come together in a large group of people or animals
/ˈkɒŋ.ɡrɪ.ɡeɪt/
Ex: A crowd congregated around the entrance to
the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the
show.
Purse-snatcher (n)
/pɜːs/ /ˈsnætʃ.ər/
someone who takes someone’s purse by
force
Ex: You have to watch out
for bag/purse snatchers (= people who steal bags/purses).
Mugger (n)
/ˈmʌɡ.ər/

a person who attacks people in order to steal their money

Ex: Yesterday I was attacked by a mugger.

Precaution (n) an action that is done to prevent something
/prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/ unpleasant or dangerous happening

Ex: Many people have been stockpiling food as a

precaution against shortages.
Fumble (v) to do something awkwardly, especially when
/ˈfʌm.bəl/ using your hands

Ex: I fumbled with the lock.

Interfere with (v) to touch a child in a sexual manner
/ˌɪn.təˈfɪər/
Ex: I'd never interfere between (US with)
a husband and wife.
Out of someone’s doing what they’re not accustomed to doing
comfort zone (exp)
Let so’s guard down not be careful
(exp)
Stand out (v.phr) be more noticeable than others
Safety in numbers (n.phr) less risk by doing things with others
Size sb up (v.phr) checking to see if you might be a good victim
LESSON 4: Discuss the meaning of community
Beautify (v) to improve the appearance of someone or something
/ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/
Ex: Money has been raised to beautify the area
Litter (v)
/ˈlɪt.ər/

to spread across an area or place untidily

Ex: About two percent of fast-food packaging ends up as

litter.
 Unit 6: ANIMALS
Preview
Attitude feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of
/ˈæt.ɪ.tʃuːd/ (n) behaving that is caused by this:

E.g. It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes.

He has a very bad attitude to/towards work
Invertebrate an animal with no spine
/ɪnˈvɜː.tɪ.brət/ (n)
Amphibian an animal, such as a frog, that lives both on land and in
/æmˈfɪb.i.ən/ (n) water but must produce its eggs in water

Reptile an animal that produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to
/ˈrep.taɪl/ (n) keep its blood warm

Mammal any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk
/ˈmæm.əl/ (n) from her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young,
not eggs

E.g. Birds, fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles are all

vertebrates.
Disgusting extremely unpleasant or unacceptable
/dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪŋ/ (a)
E.g. I find some of his habits rather unpleasant, disgusting
even.
Energetic having or involving a lot of energy
/ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/ (a)
E.g. I tried aerobics but it was too energetic for me.
Frightening making you feel fear
/ˈfraɪ.tən.ɪŋ/ (a)
E.g. The firefighters had a frightening task ahead of them.
patient having patience
/ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/ (a)
≠impatient E.g. Be patient with her - she's very young.
Tasty Tasty food has a strong and very pleasant flavor
/ˈteɪ.sti/ (a)
E.g.This soup is very tasty.
take in (v) to allow someone or something to stay in your home

Humane Treating animals (or people) in a way that is not cruel,

/ hjuːˈmeɪn/ (a) causing them as little suffering as possible
to assume (v) to think that something is true even though you don’t have
proof that it is

E.g. I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went
to the same school.
in captivity animals (or people) being kept in cages (or prisons) and not
permitted to go where they want

To put up with (v) to tolerate or accept behavior even though it may be

unpleasant or annoying

E.g. I can put up with the house being messy, but I hate it if
it's not clean.
LESSON 1
Treatment he way you deal with or behave towards someone or
/ˈtriːt.mənt/ (n) something:

E.g. Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss

Mistreat to treat a person or animal badly, cruelly, or unfairly
/ˌmɪsˈtriːt/ (v)
E.g. I think people who mistreat their pets should be banned
from keeping them.
Inhumane cruel, causing unacceptable suffering
/ˌɪn.hjuːˈmeɪn/
(≠humane ) E.g. Many people believe factory farming is inhumane.
to be fed up to be annoyed by something and wanting it to change (to
have had enough of something)

Defenseless (a) weak and not able to protect oneself from attack or harm

to fool around (v) to waste time doing things that are not important

Filthy /ˈfɪl.θi/ (a) extremely or unpleasantly dirty

E.g. Wash your hands - they're filthy!

Slaughter the killing of animals for meat:
/ˈslɔː.tər/ (n)
E.g.The geese are being fattened for slaughter.
LESSON 2
Pro /proʊ/ (n) an advantage to or a reason for doing something:

E.g. One of the big pros of living in Madrid is the night life
a disadvantage or a reason for not doing something:
Con /kɒn/ (n)
 E.g. One of the cons of buying a bigger car is that it costs
more to run

E.g. You have to weigh up all the pros and cons of the
matter before you make a decision.
playful active and fun-loving
/ˈpleɪ.fəl/ (a)
friendly and loving
affectionate
/əˈfek.ʃən.ət/ (a)
E.g. He's an affectionate little boy
easygoing; good with kids and other pets
gentle / good-natured
low-maintenance
easy to care for and inexpensive to keep
/ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/
attentive to its owner; reliable
loyal /ˈlɔɪ.əl/ /
devoted /dɪˈvəʊ.tɪd/
E.g. Lucy is devoted to her cats.
good at protecting its owner from danger
protective
/prəˈtek.tɪv/ (a)
E.g. It's easy to be too protective towards/of your children
high-strung
nervous; easily frightened
/ˌhaɪˈstrʌŋ/ / excitable
expensive to buy and to take care of
costly /ˈkɒst.li/
harmful to furniture and other things
destructive
/dɪˈstrʌk.tɪv/
E.g. Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.
filthy /ˈfɪl.θi/ (a)
unclean; makes a mess
high-maintenance
time-consuming to take care of
/ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/
hard to control; possibly dangerous
aggressive
/əˈɡres.ɪv/
E.g. If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.
LESSON 3
predator one that hunts other animals for food
/ˈpred.ə.tər/ (n) e.g. The population got out of control because there were no
natural predators to keep it in check
Prey /preɪ/ (n) those hunted by a predator

E.g. A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey.

LESSON 4
Biodiversity the number and types of plants and animals that exist in a
/ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ particular area or in the world generally, or the problem of
(n) protecting this

Extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a) E.g. Dinosaurs are extinct. They became extinct about 65
million years ago.

Extinction E.g. There are different theories about the extinction of

/ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ (n) dinosaurs.

Irreversible not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous

/ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ (a) condition

E.g. Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs.

Shift /ʃɪft/ (n) a change in position or direction

E.g. There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion

towards peaceful negotiations.
Dismal Depressing
/ˈdɪz.məl/ (n)
E.g. The trip was a dismal failure.
commercial enterprise the activity of providing goods

By the turn the point at which something changes or moves in a

(of the twentieth different direction
century)
E.g. She was born around the turn of the century (= around
1900, 2000, etc.)
to shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ (v) to decrease in size
shrank, shrunk
E.g. Unfortunately, the world population of Hawaiian geese
has shrunk to very small numbers.
Roam /rəʊm/ (v) to walk or travel

obstacle something that is in the way of achieving something

/ˈɒb.stə.kəl/ (n)
E.g. The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the
road.
Creatures any large or small living thing that can move independently
/ˈkriː.tʃər/
E.g. Rainforests are filled with amazing creatures.
ecosystem all the plants, animals, and people living in an area
/ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/ (n) considered together with their environment as a system of
relationships
 E.g. They are working to preserve the delicately balanced
ecosystem of these wetlands
Sustain to keep alive
/səˈsteɪn/
E.g. The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to
sustain a large population
 Unit 7: Advertising and Consumers
PREVIEW
to advertise (v) to make something known generally or in public, especially in
/ˈæd.və.taɪz/ order to sell it (quảng cáo)

E.g. We advertised our car in the local newspaper.

advertisement (n) She scanned the job advertisement in the paper,
/ədˈvɜː.tɪs.mənt/
to consume(v) to use fuel, energy, or time; to eat or drink (tiêu thụ)
/kənˈsjuːm/
E.g. He consumes vast quantities chips with every meal.
consumer (n) a person who buys goods or services (người tiêu dùng)
/kənˈsjuː.mər/
E.g. The new prices will affect all consumers, including
businesses.
to feel blue (phrv) to be sad or depressed (cảm thấy buồn)

E.g. You look like you feel blue. What’s wrong?

to splurge (v) to spend more money than a person can afford (tiêu tiền thoải
/splɜːdʒ/ mái, phung phí)

E.g. I feel like splurging on a new dress.

splurge (n)
luxury items expensive items that a person doesn’t necessarily need but may
(n.phr) want to have (những món xa xỉ)
E.g. The government will pay for the new schools by
increasing the tax on luxury items.
go overboard to spend too much (tiêu xài quá mức)
(idiom)
E.g. I may have gone a little
overboard this time.

to pass sth up to fail to take advantage of an opportunity (bỏ qua)

(phrv)
E.g. I can’t believe she passed up the chance to go to the U.S.
to endorse (v) to appear in an advertisement, saying that you use and like a
/ɪnˈdɔːs/ particular product (quảng bá sản phẩm)
 E.g. They paid $2 million to the world champion to endorse
their new aftershave.
colleague (n) one of a group of people who work together = co-worker (bạn
/ˈkɒl.iːɡ/ đồng nghiệp)

E.g. Three of my colleagues have been made redundant.

to kick oneself to regret doing something (hối tiếc)

E.g. I could kick myself for loving her!

risk-free (adj) free from danger or the risk of harm (an toàn, không rủi ro)

E.g. Have a risk-free trip, my friend!

to converse (v) to have a conversation with someone (đàm thoại)
/ˈkɒn.vɜːs/
E.g. She’s too shy that conversing with her can be quite
difficult.
LESSON 1 - Evaluate ways and places to shop
to browse (v) to look leisurely at goods displayed for sale, as in a store
/braʊz/ (ngắm hàng)

E.g. I don’t need help. I’m just browsing.

to shop around to comparison shop (so giá)
(phrv)
E.g. When you’re buying a flight, you should always shop
around for the best deal.
pricey (adj) Expensive
/ˈpraɪ.si/
E.g. That coffee shop is a little pricey.
intentional (adj) on purpose or planned (có dự định)
/ɪnˈten.ʃən.əl/
E.g. Did you leave his name out by accident or was it
intentional?
to talk someone to convince or persuade someone to do something (thuyết phục
into something ai làm gì)
(phrv)
E.g. Thuy’s against the idea, but I think I can talk her into it.
an arm and a leg a lot of money (nhiều tiền)
(idiom)
E.g. These shoes cost me an arm and a leg.

to look for (phrv) to search for something specific (tìm kiếm)

E.g. She’s looking for her diamond ring.

rock bottom (n) the lowest possible level (mức thấp nhất)

E.g. My starting salary has reached rock bottom.

affordable (adj) not expensive (rẻ)
/əˈfɔː.də.bəl/
E.g. Second-hand iphones are at affordable prices.
LESSON 2 - Discuss your reactions to ads
obnoxious (adj) very unpleasant or rude (thô lỗ)
/əbˈnɒk.ʃəs/
E.g. When she’s in a bad mood, she’s obnoxious to everyone.
commercial (n) advertisement on TV or radio (mẫu quảng cáo)
ə
/kəˈmɜː.ʃ l/
E.g. Companies have spent much money on commercials.
to get on one’s to annoy someone (làm phiền ai)
nerves (phrv)
E.g. The noise outside gets on my nerves.

to drive someone to make somebody extremely annoyed (làm ai tức điên)

crazy (phrv)
E.g. He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it’s driving
me crazy.
to blow someone to please or surprise somone very much (làm ai hài lòng hay
away (phrv) ngạc nhiên)

E.g. The ending will blow you away.

to crack someone to make someone want to laugh (làm ai tức
up (phrv) cười)

E.g. I took one look at her and cracked up.

to enhance(v) to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something (cải

/ɪnˈhɑːns/ thiện)

E.g. These scandals will not enhance the school’s reputation.

to build goodwill to earn favor from customers (được khách hàng ưu ái)
(phrv)
billboard (n) a very large board on which
/ˈbɪl.bɔːd/ advertisements are shown, especially at
the side of a road (bảng quảng cáo)

E.g. It's important to note that

a billboard is generally only viewed for
seven seconds.
brand-new (a) completely new (mới tinh)
/ˌbrænd ˈnjuː/
E.g. My daugher was given a brand-new smartphone.
to choke someone to make someone feel like crying (làm ai rơi lệ)
up (phrv)
E.g. He choked his mother up by giving her his first salary.
prime time (n) time when the most people are watching (giờ vàng)
/ˈpraɪm ˌtaɪm/
E.g. The interview will broadcast during prime time.
telemarketer (n)
/ˈtelɪˌmɑːkɪtər/

a person or company that sells a product or service by phone

(nhân viên hoặc công ty tiếp thị sản phẩm qua điện thoại)

E.g. Telemarketers have to be careful not

to invade their customers' privacy.
LESSON 3 - Discuss problem shopping behavior
compulsive (adj) doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it (nghiện ngập)
/kəmˈpʌl.sɪv/
E.g. Her mother is a compulsive gambler.
addiction (n) an inability to stop doing or using
ə
/əˈdɪʃ. n/ something, especially something harmful (tình trạng nghiện
ngập)
E.g. It is not easy to eliminate his addiction to alcohol.
alcoholism (n) the condition of being an alcoholic (nghiện
ə
/ˈæl.kə.hɒl.ɪ.z m/ rượu)

E.g. Alcoholism cost me my job, my health,

and finally my family.
shopaholic (n) a person who enjoys shopping very much and does it a lot
/ˌʃɒp.əˈhɒl.ɪk/ (người nghiện mua sắm)
 E.g. A self-confessed shopaholic, Diane loved looking for
new clothes with her two daughters.
impulse (n) a sudden strong wish to do something (sự thôi thúc)
/ˈɪm.pʌls/
E.g. I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Nonsense!" in
the middle of her speech.
to deprive (v) to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant,
/dɪˈpraɪv/ away from someone (tước đoạt)

E.g. He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom.

to buy something to buy it right away without stopping to think about it (mua
on the spot (exp) ngay lập tức)

E.g. She bought the red purse on the spot.

around the corner happening very soon (sớm xảy ra)
(exp)
E.g. It's still cold today, but spring is just around the corner.
to take the bull by to face a problem head on ()
the horns (phrv)
E.g. Why don't you take the bull by
the horns and tell him to leave?

debatable (adj) not clear or certain because different people may have
/dɪˈbeɪ.tə.bəl/ different opinions (gây tranh cãi)

E.g. The value of some of the experiments is debatable.

LESSON 4 - Persuade someone to buy a product
to jump on the to do what other people are doing
bandwagon (phrv)
/ˈbændˌwæɡ.ən/ E.g. First one boy at school had that haircut and now they're
all jumping on the bandwagon.
patriotism (n) the feeling of loving your country more than any others and
ə
/ˈpæt.ri.ə.tɪ.z m/ being proud of it (lòng yêu nước)

E.g. We live in an age of extreme patriotism.

testimonial (n) a statement about the character or qualities of someone or
/ˌtes.tɪˈməʊ.ni.əl/ something (lời chứng thực)

E.g. Ask for testimonials from satisfied clients and post them
on your website.
snob appeal being liked by people who think they are better than others
(n.phr)
/snɒb/ /əˈpiːl/
WRITING - Summarize and paraphase someone’s point of view
to paraphrase (v) to repeat something written or spoken using different words
/ˈpær.ə.freɪz/ (diễn giải)

E.g. I’ll have to paraphrase it because I didn’t get

a chance to memorize it.
REVIEW
comparing apples things are so different to be compared
and oranges
(phrv) E.g. Twins are not the same. Don’t
compare apples and oranges!
gorgeous (adj) very beautiful or pleasant (rất đẹp)
/ˈɡɔː.dʒəs/
E.g. From our hotel, there were gorgeous views of the city.
I owe you one. It’s my turn to do somethong nice for you.

don’t fall for it not to believe what you hear

There are no two There is only one correct opinion on the topic.
ways about it.
That’s debatable. There is more than one opinion anout something.

Tell you what. I’m going to suggest something to you.

 Unit 8: FAMILY TRENDS
PREVIEW
Curfew/´kə:fju:/ (n) A regulation requiring people to remain indoors between
specified hours, typically at night.

E.g. They had to return before the curfew sounded

Privacy/privacy/ (n) A state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other
people.

E.g. She returned to the privacy of her own home to relax

after work
Troublemaker A person who habitually causes difficulties or problems.

/´trʌbl¸meikə/ (n) E.g. I was worried that I would be regarded as a

troublemaker if I complained about the safety standards

Economical Careful not to waste money or resources (of a person or

/,i:kə'nɔmikəl/ (n) lifestyle)

E.g. There’s increasing demand for cars that are more

economical on fuel.
Gossip Conversation or reports about other people’s private lives
/ˈgɒsəp/ (n,v) that might be unkind, disapproving or not true.

E.g. He became the subject of much local gossip.

Misbehave Fail to conduct oneself in an acceptable way
/¸misbi´heiv/ (v)
E.g. Josh misbehaved, pushing his food off the table.
LESSON 1
Life expectancy The average period that a person may expect to live

E.g. The British male now has a life expectancy of 77.6

years
Pose /pouz/ (v) Present or constitute a problem or danger

E.g. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone

LESSON 2
Restriction The limitation or control of someone or something, or the
/ri'strik∫n/ (n) state of being restricted

E.g. You can get a discount fare, but some restrictions

apply.
Obey /o'bei/ (v) Behave in accordance with a general principle or natural
law

E.g. The officer was convicted for refusing to obey orders.

Lenient /'li:njənt/ (a) More merciful or tolerant than expected

E.g. They believe that judges are too lenient with the
terrorist suspects.

Overprotective Having a tendency to protect someone, especially a child,

/¸ouvəprə´tektiv/ (a) excessively

E.g. The children of overprotective parents often do not

develop the skills they need to take care of themselves
when they leave home.
Spoil /spɔil/ (v) Harm the character (of a child) by being too lenient or
indulgent

E.g. Breakfast in bed! You are spoiling me!

Disrespectful Showing a lack of respect or courtesy
/¸disris´pektful/ (a)
E.g. She apologized for not responding to the letter and
said she had meant not to be disrespectful.
Criticize Indicate the faults of someone or something in a
/ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪz/ (v) disapproving way.

E.g: The technicians were criticized for defective

workmanship

LESSON 3
Involvement The fact or condition of being involved with or
/in'vɔlvmənt/ (n) participating in something.

E.g. The team’s continued involvement in the competition

is uncertain.
Reliability The quality of being trustworthy or of performing
/ri¸laiə´biliti/ (n) consistently well

E.g. The car’s background gives me every confidence in

its reliability
Capacity The maximum amount that something can contain

/kə'pæsiti/ (n)
 E.g. The capacity of a freezer is 1.1 cubic feet
Disability A physical or mental condition that limits a person’s
/¸disə´biliti/ (n) movements, senses or activities

E.g. She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability prevent

her from doing what she wants to do.
Productivity The state or quality of being productive
/¸prɔdʌk´tiviti/ (n)
E.g. Studies show that if a working environment is
pleasant, productivity increases.
Confide Tell someone about a secret or private matter while
/kən'faid/ (v) trusting them not to repeat it to others

E.g. He confided that stress had caused him to lose stone

in weight
Maturity The state, fact or period of being mature
/mə'tjuəriti/ (n)
E.g. The fish takes 35 years to reach maturity

Mobility The ability to move or be moved freely and easily

/mɔ´biliti/ (n)
E.g. The exercise helps retain mobility in the damaged
joints

LESSON 4
Demographic Relating to the structure of populations
/deməˈgrafik/ (a)
E.g. The demographic trend is towards an older
population.
Precedent An action, situation, or decision that has already happened
/´presidənt/ (n) and can be used as a reason why a similar action or
decision should be performed or made.

E.g. There are several precedents for promoting people

who don’t have formal qualifications.
Stroke A sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain,
/strouk/ (n) sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular
parts of the body

E.g. She suffered a stroke that left her unable to speak.

Diabetes A disease in which the body can’t control the level of
/,daiə'bi:tiz/ (n) sugar in the blood

E.g. Being too heavy can cause health problems, such as

diabetes
Prevalence The fact or condition of being prevalent, commonness
/´prevələns/ (n)
E.g. They noted the prevalence of this attitude among
leading financial experts.
Institution An organization founded for a religious, educational,
professional or social purpose
/,insti'tju:ʃn/ (n)
E.g. Harvard University is an internationally respected
institution.
Medication /,medi'keiʃn/ A drug or other form of medicine that is used to treat or
(n) prevent disease

E.g. Other medications can cause dizziness

Consequence A result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or
/'kɔnsikwəns/ (n) unpleasant

E.g. I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my

hair, and look at the consequences!
Immense Extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.
/i'mens/ (a)
E.g. They spent an immense amount of time getting the
engine into perfect condition.
 Unit_9: Facts, Theories and Hoaxes
PREVIEW
Doesn’t make sense Something that is confusing, hard to understand.
(phv)
E.g It does not make sense to rebuild the
houses damaged by the floods.
Vanish without a trace If you say that someone or something disappears/
(phv) vanish without a trace, you mean that they stop existing
or stop being successful very suddenly and completely.
/ˈvæn.ɪʃ/
E.g. One day he left, vanished without a trace.
Bark up the wrong to misdirect one's attention, efforts, etc; be mistaken
tree(phv)
E.g If you plan to become a writer because it will make
you lots of money, you're barking up the wrong tree.
Be going out on a limb To do or say something that lacks evidence or support.
(phv)
E.g He does not want to go out on a limb and try
something completely new.
Don’t really buy that Disagree; to not be convinced
(phv)
E.g You may think so, but I don't buy that. The police
wouldn't buy his story.
Be far-fetched to improbable in nature; unlikely to me
me(phv)
/ˌfɑːˈfetʃt/ E.g a far-fetched excuse for being late.
Hoax (n) a deception, esp a practical joke
/həʊks/
E.g a bomb hoax
LESSON 1 Speculate About Everyday Situations
Get grounded (phv) to punish a child or young person by not allowing them to
go out with their friends for a period of time.

E.g You're grounded for a week!

Be in debt (phv) the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot
pay.

E.g He died heavily in debt.

Get her kids a puppy Buy her kids a small dog
(phv)
Be likely (adj) probable or expected

E.g Tickets are likely to be expensive.

Be obvious (adj) easy to see or understand
/ˈɒb.vi.əs/
E.g It was obvious to everyone that the child had been
badly treated.
Wonder (v) to think about something and try to decide what is true,
/ˈwʌn.dər/ what will happen, what you should do, etc.

E.g I wonder why he left his job.

Suppose (v) to think or believe that something is true or possible
/səˈpəʊz/ (based on the knowledge that you have)

E.g I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree

LESSON 2 Present A Theory
Figure (n) 1. a number representing a particular amount,
/ˈfɪɡ.ər/ especially one given in official information.

E.g Experts put the real figure at closer to 75%

2. the shape of a person seen from a distance or not

clearly.

E.g a tall figure in black

Authority (n) person with special knowledge.
/ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/
E.g She's an authority on criminal law.
Islander (n) a person who lives on an island, especially a small one
/ˈaɪ.lən.dər/
Theorize (v) to suggest facts and ideas to explain something; to form a
/ˈθɪə.raɪz/ theory or theories about something.

E.g The study theorizes about the role of dreams in

peoples' lives.
Roll over (phr) to be easily defeated without even trying.
/rəʊl/
E.g We can't expect them to just roll over for us.
Lay–laid-laid (v) to put somebody/something in a particular position,
especially when it is done gently or carefully.

E.g She laid the baby down gently on the bed.

Accomplish (v) to succeed in doing or completing something.
/əˈkʌm.plɪʃ/
E.g I don't feel I've accomplished very much today.
Inhabit (v) to live in a particular place
/ɪnˈhæb.ɪt/
E.g Some of the rare species that inhabit the area
Inhabitant (n) a person or an animal that lives in a particular place.
/ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/
E.g the oldest inhabitant of the village
Lush (n) (of plants, gardens, etc.) growing thickly and strongly in a
/lʌʃ/ way that is attractive; covered in healthy grass and plants

Extinct (a) (of a type of plant, animal, etc.) no longer in existence

/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
E.g The species was presumed extinct.
LESSON 3
Saucer (n) a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on; an object
/ˈsɔː.sər/ that is shaped like this.

E.g cups and saucers

Numerous (a) existing in large numbers.
/ˈnjuː.mə.rəs/
E.g Numerous studies have shown this to be true.
Official (a) that is told to the public but may not be true.
/əˈfɪʃ.əl/
E.g I only knew the official version of events.
Announcement (n) a spoken or written statement that informs people about
/əˈnaʊns.mənt/ something.

E.g Announcements of births, marriages and deaths

appear in some newspapers.
Claim (v) say something is true.
/kleɪm/
E.g He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing.
Claim (n) a statement that something is true although it has not been
proved and other people may not agree with or believe it.

E.g The singer has denied the magazine's claim that she is
leaving the band.
Wreckage (n) the parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has
/ˈrek.ɪdʒ/ been badly damaged or destroyed.

E.g A few survivors were pulled from the wreckage.

Conspiracy (n) a secret plan by a group of people to do something
/kənˈspɪr.ə.si/ harmful or illegal.

Eg.: They were charged with conspiracy to murder.

Incident (n) something that happens, especially something unusual or
/ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ unpleasant.
 Eg.: One particular incident sticks in my mind.
Imprison (v) to put somebody in a prison or another place from which
/ɪmˈprɪz.ən/ they cannot escape.

E.:g They were imprisoned for possession of drugs.

Capture (v) to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner
/ˈkæp.tʃər/ or in a confined space.

Eg.: The animals are captured in nets and sold to local

zoos.
Debate (v) to discuss something, especially formally, before making a
/dɪˈbeɪt/ decision or finding a solution.

Eg.: She debated with herself for a while, and then picked
up the phone.
Examine (v) to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefully.
/ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/
Eg.: These ideas will be examined in more detail in
Chapter 10.
Witness (n) a person who sees something happen and is able to
/ˈwɪt.nəs/ describe it to other people.

Eg.: Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.

Witness (v) witness something to see something happen (typically a
crime or an accident)

Eg.: She was shocked by the violent scenes she had

witnessed.
Exhaustively (adv) in a very thorough or complete way.
/ɪɡˈzɔː.stɪv.li/
Eg.: Every product is exhaustively tested before being
sold.
Investigate (v) to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event, a
/ɪnˈves.tɪ.ɡeɪt/ crime, etc. to find out the truth about it or how it
happened.

Eg.: Police are investigating what happened.

Thoroughly (adv) very much; completely.
/ˈθʌr.ə.li/
Eg.: I'm thoroughly confused.
Debunk (v) to show that an idea, a belief, etc. is false; to show that
/ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ something is not as good as people think it is.
 Eg.: She attempts to debunk unrealistic expectations
about marriage.
Highly (adv) Very

Eg.: highly successful/skilled/intelligent

Critic (n) a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad
/ˈkrɪt.ɪk/ qualities of books, music, etc.

Eg.: The critics loved the movie.

Pull any punches (phr) to express something less strongly than you are able to, for
example to avoid upsetting or shocking somebody.

Eg.: Her articles certainly don't pull any punches.

Lesson 4 Evaluate The Trustworthiness Of New
Sources
Drift (v) to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air.
/drɪft/
Eg.: Smoke drifted across the room.
Alarm (v) alarm somebody to make somebody anxious or afraid.
/əˈlɑːm/
Eg.: It alarms me that nobody takes this problem
seriously.
Handle (v) to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a
/ˈhæn.dəl/ strong emotion.

Eg.: She's very good at handling her patients.

Accidentally (adv) by chance; in a way that was not planned.
/ˌæk.sɪˈden.təl.i/
Eg.: The damage couldn't have been caused accidentally.
Altitude (n) the height above sea level.
/ˈæl.tɪ.tʃuːd/
Eg.: We are flying at an altitude of 6 000 metres.
Speculation (n) the act of forming opinions about what has happened or
/ˌspek.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ what might happen without knowing all the facts.

Eg.: There was widespread speculation that she was

going to resign.
Land (v) to come down through the air onto the ground or another
surface.

Eg.: The plane landed safely.

On the ground (exp) the solid surface of the earth
 Eg.: I found her lying on the ground.
Fate (n) the things, especially bad things, that will happen or have
/feɪt/ happened to somebody/something.

Eg.: The fate of the three men is unknown.

Tragedy (n) a very sad event or situation, especially one that involves
/ˈtrædʒ.ə.di/ death.

Eg.: It's a tragedy that she died so young.

Nauseous (a) feeling as if you want to vomit.
/ˈnɔː.zi.əs/
Eg.: She felt dizzy and nauseous.
Agency (a) a business or an organization that provides a particular
/ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/ service especially on behalf of other businesses or
organizations.

Eg.: You can book at your local travel agency.

Suspicious (a) suspicious (of/about somebody/something) feeling that
/səˈspɪʃ.əs/ somebody has done something wrong, illegal or dishonest,
without having any proof.

Eg.: They became suspicious of his behaviour and

contacted the police.
Alternative (a) that can be used instead of something else.
/ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/
Eg.: an alternative method of doing something
Determine (v) to officially decide and/or arrange something
/dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/
Eg.: A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.
Stunt (n) a dangerous and difficult action that somebody does to
/stʌnt/ entertain people, especially as part of a film/movie.

Eg.: He did all his own stunts.

Rescue (v) to save somebody/something from a dangerous or harmful
/ˈres.kjuː/ situation

e.g He rescued a child from drowning.

Judgment (n) an opinion that you form about something after thinking
/ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to
others.

Eg.: He refused to make a judgement about the situation.

 Unit 10 : Your Free Time
PREVIEW
hang out with spend time with someone
(phv)
E.g. They spent the whole day hanging out by
the pool.
immerse (v) to absorb, deeply involve,

/ɪˈmɜːs/ E.g. After breaking up with her boyfriend,

Nancy decided to immerse herself in her
work in order to avoid crying.

working out to exercise

(phv)
E.g.Bob keeps in shape by working out at the
local gym.

engage(v) to participate
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/
E.g. She's an intelligent child but in class she
doesn't really engage.

rooting for (phv) support or hope for the success of (a person

or group entering a contest or undertaking a
/ruːt/ challenge).

E.g. The whole of this club is rooting for him.

Sociable (adj) like being around other people

/ˈsəʊ.ʃə.bəl/
E.g. I'm going to make an effort to be a bit
more sociable.

Loner (adj) (noun) a person who prefers to live, work, or

/ˈləʊ.nər/ play alone.

E.g. I'm very much a loner - I never go out.

Sedentary (adj) doing or requiring a lot of sitting
/ˈsed.ən.tər.i/
E.g. My doctor says I
should start playing sport because
my lifestyle is too sedentary.

laid back (adj) very relaxed, not seeming to be

worried about anything
/ˌleɪdˈbæk/
E. g. I've
never seen her worried or
anxious in any way - she's so laid-
back.
Philosophy (n) a system of beliefs and values
/fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/
E.g. She majored in philosophy at
Harvard.

LESSON 1
Take a breather take a short break from one's activities in
(v) order to relax.
/ˈbriː.ðər/
E.g. I'm gonna take a breather
after working so hard

set aside (phv) save for a special purpose

E.g. Have you set aside some money for

your next vacation?

slow down (phv) reduce the speed of.

E.g. For me, holidays are a time to slow down and relax.
laugh things off to make yourself laugh about something unpleasant in order to
(phv) make it seem less important or serious:
 E.g.She tried to laugh off their remarks, but I could see she was
hurt.

take up (phv) to begin to study, practice, or do (a

hobby / a sport / a job / etc.).

E.g. He left a job in the City to take up

farming.
reduce (v) to make smaller or less
/rɪˈdʒuːs/
E.g. A low-fat diet can reduce the risk
of heart disease.

Courteous (adj) polite and gracious; considerate

/ˈkɜː.ti.əs/ toward others; well-mannered

E.g. He was a kind and courteous

man.

messed up (phv) If you mess something up or if you mess

/ˌmest ˈʌp/ up, you cause something to fail or
be spoiled.

E.g If I messed up, I would probably be

fired.
slipped my mind If something slips your mind, you forget about it.
(phv)
E.g. I meant to call you last night, but it slipped my mind.

too much on my To be too busy

plate(idiom)

E.g. I'm sorry, I just have too much on my plate right now.
LESSON 2
assemble(v.) to put together
/əˈsem.bəl/
E.g. This is where the car engines are
assembled.

Quilting(n) The making of bed covers from pieces of

cloth
/ˈkwɪl.tɪŋ/ E.g She's taken up quilting again.

sew (v.) joining pieces of cloth together by

/səʊ/ passing thread through them with a
needle.
E.g. She sewed the dresses on the
sewing machine.
Embarrassing making you feel ashamed, nervous,
(adj.) or uncomfortable
/ɪmˈbær.ə.sɪŋ/
E.g. That was an embarrassing
situation for me.

martial arts(n) sports, such as judo and karate, that involve

combat and self-defense
/ˌmɑː.ʃəl ˈɑːt/
E.g. Taekwondo is a martial art.

Confident (adj.) Certain; sure.Someone who is

/ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ confident believes in their
own abilities and
so does not feel nervous or frightened

E.g. She is confident in his ability to do

the jobwell.
antique shop(n) a shop that sells valuable old objects
/ænˈtiːk/
Astronomical extremely high and much higher than you
(adj.) would expect
/ˌæs.trəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/
E.g. House prices had risen astronomically.

seek(v.) to look for or try to achieve

/siːk/ E.g. You must first

seek permission before publishing their names.

risk(n) a situation involving exposure to
/rɪsk/ danger

E.g. You can reduce the risk

of heart disease by exercising regularly.

LESSON 3
Efficiency(n) the ability to work well
/ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ and produce good results by using the available
time, money, supplies etc in the
most effective way

E.g. The inspectors were impressed by

the speed and efficiency of the newsystem.
productive(adj.) achieving good results
/prəˈdʌk.tɪv/
E.g. Training makes workers highly
productive.

poll(n) a survey in which people are asked their

/pəʊl/ opinions about something

E.g. A recent poll indicated that

most people opposed the changes.
respondent(n) someone who answers, or responds to, a survey
/rɪˈspɒn.dənt/ E.g. Sixty-four
per cent of respondents reported side effects from
the drug.
psychiatrist(n) a doctor who treats people suffering from
mental illness.
/saɪˈkaɪə.trɪst/
E.g. Alex will probably be seeing a
psychiatrist for many months or even years.
Melatonin(n) Hormone that helps
/mel.əˈtəʊ.nɪn/ regulate cycles of sleeping and waking

imaginable(adj.) able to be imagined or thought of

/ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nə.bəl/
E.g. Selecta company make ice cream of
every imaginable flavour

colleague(n) someone who works in the

/ˈkɒl.iːɡ/ same organization or department as you
E.g. Please read this memo carefully and
hand it on to your colleagues.
superficial(adj.) not important or not having a serious effect

/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/ E.g. We talked about superficial topics like sport and

the weather.

LESSON 4
psychologist(n) A scientist who studies the mind and
/saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ behavior of humans and animals

E.g.She spent 15 years as

a clinical psychologist.
thrill(n) A feeling of joy or excitement
/θrɪl/
E.g. It gave me a thrill to see her again
after so many years.
certainty(n) something that will definitely happen or
/ˈsɜː.tən.ti/ that you feel very sure about

E.g. Each one of us faces the certainty that

we are going to die.
routine(n.) regular way of doing something
/ruːˈtiːn/
E.g. The players had to change their daily
routine and lifestyle.

Trait(n.) the type of person you are, shown by

the way you behave, feel, and think
/treɪt/
E.g. His sense of humour is one of
his better traits.
Personality(n.) the type of person you are, shown by the way
/ˌpɜː.sənˈæl.ə.ti/ you behave, feel, and think.

E.g. He has a very outgoing personality

and makes friends very easily.

adrenaline a feeling of great energy you get when you

rush(n) are excited or frightened.
/əˈdren·əl·ən, -ˌin/
/rʌʃ/ E.g. most action films set out to give you an
adrenaline rush
mysterious(adj.) difficult or impossible to understand, explain,
/mɪˈstɪə.ri.əs/ or identify

E.g. Stonehenge, in many peoples' minds, is

the most mysterious place in the world.
fortunate(adj.) having good luck; lucky

/ˈfɔː.tʃən.ət/ E.g. Not everyone is as fortunate as we are.

accidental(adj.) happening without being planned or intended.

/ˌæk.sɪˈden.təl/
E.g. It was suggested that the fire was not
accidental.
WRITING AND REVIEW
Critique (v.) to give an opinion or judgment about
/krɪˈtiːk/ a piece or work, book, film, etc.:

E.g.Students take turns critiquing each other's work.

Logically(adv.) Reasonably

/ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl.i/ E.g.Her ideas were clear and logically presented.

arguments(n.) a reason or set of reasons that you use
/ˈɑːɡ.jə.mənt/ for persuading other people to support your views, opinions etc.

E.g.The Court of Appeal rejected her arguments.

appropriate(adj. suitable or acceptable for a particular situation.
)
/əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/ E.g.Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the
job.
Preferable (adj.) better or more suitable
/ˈpref.ər.ə.bəl/
E.g.Staying at home is certainly preferable to going out with
someone you don't like.

respectful(adj.) feeling or showing respect

/rɪˈspekt.fəl/ E.g.The children in our family are always respectful to their

elders.

polite(adj.) behaving in a way that

/pəˈlaɪt/ is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other
people's feelings
E.g.She sent me a polite letter thanking me for my invitation.