Den MATHEMATICS BASED ON el PATTERN + 3%60 S(O." REE F 3 KEY POINTS & IMPORTANT FORMULAE ‘Qs00k, 3 ALL TEXTUAL QUESTIONS SOLVED ‘38 ENORMOUS CREATIVE QUESTIONS. 36 SOLUTIONS TO MCQs ‘3 GOVT. MODEL QUESTION PAPER cf" Mer Publications (P) Ltd.Don Don Publications (P) Ltd. ch “W WARNING: All rights reserved. No part of this publication 10" 6tandard may be reproduced or stored ina retrieval system or transmitted Mathematics ‘nany orm orby any means without the prior writen permission First Edition : 2019 cof the Publisher, the copy-right holder. PREFACE Don Mathematics for 10% standard is released with much pride. This guide is prepared based on the Tamilnadu Government's latest new syllabus. In this book, ‘KEY POINTS’ and IMPORTANT FORMULAE 'are given for headings. All the textual questions are solved. Also enormous additional creative questions are solved. Latest Govt. ‘model question paper is given at the end of this book. 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E-Mail: donbooks.chennai01@gmail.com aSS a ———— ne Contents _) ) Marnemaricat symBots 1 »> RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 2 »> NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES 5 )) coorpinate GEOMETRY 6 )) TRIGoNomeTRY 7 )) mensuration _ 8 )) statistics anv PRoBaBILITY * { )) ) GOVT.MODEL QUESTION PAPER 2020 BVBBRBUBUEU UES——— ae Or Redes Dear Teachers and Principals Thank you for your patronage to Dart Book. You are instrumental in our phenomenal success. 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(0861 - 2326694 2a. chide Book eae e1ea2 220783 sy. tag Soak conte tet 2320333 ADT TERRA aoe GSE EST? | 55 Sharan Bates wane ase ‘31, Sunmathi Traders oas2-2ssec66| 0 VIRUDHUNAGAR — Rehan Book Care oasez 2180 sua 61800 Scone 23549, o282-220728 _a eS i MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS (MEANING ‘SYMBOL Peon Addition V Square root Subtraction Y Cubic root Multiplication \ Parallel to Division L Perpendicular to Plus or Z Angle Equal to A Triangle # Not equal to QO Gircle Equivalent to O square ~ Approximately equal to [5 Rectangle (01) = Congruent Therefore = _Identically equal to E Since (or) because <_ Less than = Pi <__Less than or equal to era) sunimaticn > Greater than JA (en)A*| Complement. of A | 2 (Greater thanorequalto | @(or)f} | Empty set or null set or void set |_| Absolute value n(A) | Number of elements in the set A Proportional to f P(A) Power set of A | 2 Infinity IP | Simiterly U— Union A | Symmetric difference n Intersection N Set of Natural numbers | U_ Universal set W_ Set of Whole numbers © ___ Belongs to Z Set of all Integers € Does not belong to R__ Set of Real numbers C Proper subset of |: | Such that © _ Subset of or is contained in age x neconde “¢ Not a proper subset of fea & irinutes Z Nota subset of oris not contained in 0 degrees = implies AB Segment AB |< __Implies and is implied by AB ReyAB : Ratio + Decimal AB bine a % Percent fout of 1001 x" x to the power nRELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS MIND MAP. Pe |___, xgeserrra |__| arene | —__= > im |—_—— [iii | __. gree [pra eT corsa fonction] |— i Crt @ The set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that ac A and beB is called the Cartesian product of ‘non-emply sets A and B and is denoted by A x B. @ For three non-empty sets A, Band C, A x B x C is the set of all ordered triplets having first element from A, second element from B and third element from C. If A and B are two finite sets, then the number of elements in A * B, ie., n(A x B) = n(A) x n(B), If either A or B is an infinite set, then A x B is an infinite set. If A, Band C are finite sets, then n(A. x B x C) = n(A) x n(B) x n(C). ‘Two ordered pairs (a, b) and (¢, d) are equal if and only if a= ¢, b= 4. PR.DB_D>© fone of A and B or both A and B are null sets then Ax B= 4. @ Ax Band Bx A are equivalent sets, @ Forany three sets A, B and C @ Ax@BuC) @ Ax BQ) @ AX(B-C)=(AXB)-(AXQ) @ If ASB, then (A x B) m9 (Bx A)= A? i Worked Examples BBD IF 4 = (1, 3,5) and B = (2, 3} then (@ find A x Band Bx A. (ii) Is Ax BeBx At Ienot why? Gli) Show tharn (A xB)=n(BxA)=n(A)xn(B) Sol: Given that A = {1, 3, 5} and B= {2, 3) AxB = {13,5} x 23h = (1.2), (143) 3.24 G3) 62.63} BxA = {2,3}«{1,3,5F = (2,1), 2,3),(2,5), 3, Ds (3,3) 3,5)} (2) From (1) and (2) we conclude that 4x B# Bx A as (1,2)#(2,1) and (1,3)#G,1), et. n(A)=3n(B)=2 From (1) andl (2) we observe that, n(AxB) = m(BxA)=6 wwe see that, (A) x (B) =3x2-=6 and n(B) xn (A)= 2x3=6 Hence, n(A xB) = (BX A) =n(A) x n(B)=6 ‘Thus, (AB) = (Bx A) =n (A) xn (B) MAX B. 4(3, 2), 3,4), 6,2), 6, 4)} then ad AXB = {(,2)G,4) 6,2),6,0)) Wehave A = {set of all first co-ordinates of elements of A XB. ‘Therefore, A = {3,5} B = [sctof all second co-ordinates of elements of A x B} ‘Therefore, B = {2,4} Thus A= {3,5} and B= (2,4). MEBD et A = ee Nix) B= (xe Wl0Sx<2} and C= [xe N|x<3} ‘Then verify that (i) Ax(BUC) = (AxB)U(Ax0) @) Ax(BnG) Sol: A= {xeN[1 B= (2 C= 43,5} @ Ax(BUC) = (AxB)U(AxC) 4,5) 10,1} 12,3,4, 5) 5).(12), (0,3) (14)(0,5)}.0) 11} x (2,3, = {(0,2), (0, 3),(0,4), (1,2), (1,3),0,9} AxC = {0,1}%18,5} = {(0,3), (0,5) (1,3), (1,59) (AxB)(AXC) = {(0,2),(0,3).(0,4), (0.5), (1,2).(1, 3). (1,4). (1,3)} 2) From (1) x (2), itis dear that Ax(BUC) = (AXBIU(AxC) Hence verified. GD Ax(BO = (AxB)A(AxC) A=(0,1),B = 2.3,4,C=(3,5} BAC = 3} {0,1} 8} (1,3) (1) ,3),(0,4),(1,2)5(1,3), i) AxC = {(0,3),(0,3) (1,3) (1,5) (AxB)(AXC)= (0,3), (1,39) 2) ={,2).(,3),(0.4), AxB a swe) | From (1) and (2), itis clear that AX(BOC) = (AxB)A(AxC) Hence verified. Gi) (AUB)xC = (AxC)U(BxC) A=(01, B=(2,3,4), C= (AUB) = 0,1,2,3,4) (AUB)xC = {0,1,2,3,4} « (3, 5} = {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,5), (3,3), (3, 5)4, 3), (4, 5} = Q) 10,1} 13,5) (0, 3) (0,5)(15 3), 1639 2,3, 4} x (3, 5} » 3), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5) 3)4.5)) (03).0.5.0.3.0.9.2.2), 25,3.3.G.5)(43.4 5) 2) From (1) and (2), it is clear that (AUB)x€ = (AxC)U(BxC) Hence verified. (AxQQUBKC) = ) TeLet Ais the set of all natural numbers less than, 8, Bis the set of all prime numbers less than 8, C is the set of even prime number, Verify that @ Gnayxc = (Ax0)n(Bxc) (ii) Ax (B-O (Ax B)-(AxC) Sol Given: ‘is the set of all natural numbers Hessthan 4 = 1,2,3,4,5,6,71 ‘Bis the et ofall prime numbers less than & B= [2,3,5,7) ‘C isthe set of ll even prime number c=8) @ verity (AAB)xC = (AXON(BxC) AOB = (2,3,5,7) (AN B)xC = (2,3,5,7}x 12) =12,2,8,2,6,2,0,2) () 1,2, 71x} 1,2), (2,2)5 (3,2) (42), 6.3.6.2, 07.2) 2,3,5,71x (2) 2,2), (352) (6,295 (7, 2) (Ax BO) = 12. 2B, G. 2s 6 2). D} From (1) and (2) itis clear that a (AM B)xC = (AXC)}A(BXC) Hence verified. Gi) Verity Ax(B-C) = (AxB)-(AxC) B-C = 12,3,5,7}-2}= 8.5.7 Bx5 6, 7} x {2h = 1.2, 0.2)(82\42N62\62) ERE EME RED Eh (6.3), (6,5).(6.7).(7.3)4(7,3), (AxB)-AXO = {(1,3)s(155)o(1s7)(23) (25), CO} 1) 27,.346,5,G,75 (43), AMB = {1,2345,6,71%(2,3,5,7} 4,3)(47) 6,3) 6.3), = (2) (1,3), (1.5),(1,7,2,2), 6363677373), 2.3.2,5,2.9,8.2,83), Gh ~@) (3.5).(3.7.(4,244,3) (45), From (1) and @), itis clear that (4.7 65,2),6,3)(5,5 6,7), Ax (B=C) = (AxB)-(AxC) Hence verified. RELATIONS @ Let A and B be two sets. Then a relation R from A to Bis a subset of A x B. ThusR © AXB @ AandB are po non-empty sets having 'm’ and ‘x’ number of elements respectively. Then A x B will have ‘mn’ elements, Total number of relations is 2™", ® Arelation from set A to a set B can be represented in any one of the following forms. (i) Roster form (ii) Set-Builder form (iii) An Arrow diagram (iv) Asset of ordered pairs @ If Risa relation from set A to set B, then the set of all first components or co-ordinates of the | ordered pairs belonging to R is called the domain of R, while the set of all second components or co-ordinates of the ordered pairs in R is called the range of R. ; @ Inanon-empty st A, a relation from A to itself Le, asubset of A % A is called a relation on set A. q Worked Examples 1 EB The arrow diagram shows a relate the sets P and Q Write the relation in (i) Set MBB Let A = (3, 4,7, 8) and 0}. Which of builder form (ii) Roster form (iii) What is the the following sets are relations from A to BY domain and range of R? (By = (8, 7), 4, 7), (7, 10), (8, 1) poR g 4G, 1), (4) 12)} 5 Gi) Ry = (G, 7)s 4, 10), (7, 2), (7, 8)s B, 11), oe 8,7), 8, 109} 7 Sol: AXB = ((,1),(3,7).(3,10), 4D, (4.7), 4,10), 7, D677 8 (7,10), (8, 1), 8, 7), (8, 10)} Sol: i) Set builder form of @ ~~ We note that, R, cAxB. Thus, R, isa ob : Rely = x-2.xePyeQ) relation from A to B, Gi) Here, (4,12) R, sbut (4,12)¢ Ax B.So, B, Gi) Roster form R= (5,3), (6,4), (7,39) is not a relation from A to B. Gi) Domainof R= {5,6,7: Gi) Here, (7,8)e R, , but (7,8)€AxB.So, R, Range of R= (3,4,5} isnot a relation from A to B. (“)(CY Progress Check 1. Which of the following are relations from A to B? @ (G1, d), A, &), B, a), @, bY (GL, a), (6, 4), (©, 3)) Gili) ((1, a), (a, 1), @, b), (b, 2) Let A= {1.2.3.4} and B= (a,b, ¢} Relations from A to B @ _{C.b). Go). Ga), 4b) 2, Which of the following are relations from B to A? @ (6, a), (€,b), (1) @) (© D, © 2), © 3), (© 4} Gili) {(@, 4), (b, 3), Ce, 23) Let A= {1,2,3,4) and B= {a,b,c} Relations from B to A Gi) (4). (6.3), 29} Oi Exercise 1.2 1, 2, 3, 7} dnd B = (8, 0, ~1, 7}, which of the following are telation from A to B? @ RB, ={2,1),G,1)} ii {-1, {2,-1), 7,7), 0, 3 {7,— 1), 0, 3); (3, 3), , 7) Sol: A= {1,2,3,7},B= (3, 0,-1, 7} AXB= ((1,3) (1,0) (1-1 (1, 7,3), (2,0), (2,1), 2,7), 8,3), (3,0), G, -1sG.7)67,3) (7,0), (2,-1.7) @ R=120,0.0) Since (2, 1) and (7,1) are not the elements of Ax BR, isnot a relation from A to B, Moreover 1B. R= Dh CLD EAKB. R, isnot a relation from A to B. But (-1,1)€(BxA) as -leB and le A. Gii) R= (2,-1.0, 0,3) Iisclearthat Ry CAxB R, isa relation from A to B. Gv) Ry=(7,- 1),0.3), B.3),0,7)} In this (0, 3) and (0,7) © Ry But (0,3) and (0,7) are not the elements of Ax B. Hence R, is nota relation from A to B. eM ud 2, Let A= {1, 2,3, 4-0, 45} and R be the relation defined as “is square of” on A. Write R as a subset of A x A. Also, find the domain and range of BR. Sol: Relation is “is square of” and A> A on A AX Am{(Ly Ds (1s 2) (15 3) (Us Adoon(45, 43) ‘The square of 'l'is Le A and (I,)e Ax A “The square of is 4 A and (4,2)€ AXA ‘The square of 3is 9€A and (9,3)E AXA “The square of is 16 A and (16,4) € AXA The square of Sis 25€A and (25,5)e Ax A “The square of 6is 36€ A and (36,6)€ AXA ‘The square of 7 is 49¢ A. R_=[(1s Ds (4,2), 3)s (16,4), (25,5), (36,6)} Domain of R = {1,4,9, 16,25, 36} Range of R = {1,2,3,4,5,6} 3. ARelation R isgivenby theset {(x,¥)/y=x+3, X€ {0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5}}. Determine its domain and range. Sol: Given Set={(xy) fy=x+3, ¥€ (0,1,2,3,4,51 When x=0, y=0+3=3 When When x =2, Whenx =3, y=3+3=6 When 4e357 Whenx =5, y=5+3=8 + Relation R= {(0,3),(1,4),(2,5), 8,6), 4.7). 6,8)} Domain = {0,1,2,3,4,5} Range 4, Represent each of the given relations by (a) an arrow diagram, (b) a graph and (c) a set in roster, wherever possible. ( (Gs, y) | x= 2, *© (2,3,4, 5}, ye {1,2,3,4} (ii) &%, 9) | ¥=X+3, x, yare natural numbers < 10} Sol: (i) Given Set-Builder form (uy) /x=2y Fe 345) ye {1234} y )x=2(D=2ex When(a) Arrow diagram x Ry (6) Graph (©) Roster form R= {(2,1), (4.2)) Whenx=7, y=7+3= 101s not possible Since xand y are less than 10. RelationR = {(1,4),(2,5), (3,6), 4,7.6,8) 69} (a) Arrow diagram (b) Graph. ot sites (© Roster form R =((1, 4), 2.5)... 7.6.8), (6.9)) . A company has four categories of employees given by Assistants (A), Clerks(C), Managers (M) and an Executive Officer (E). The company provide 7 10,000, % 25,000, % 50,000 and % 1,00,000 as salaries to the people who work in the categories A, C, Mand E respectively. If Ay, ‘Agy As, Ay and Ay were Assistants; C,, Cy, C3, ‘Cy were Clerks; My, M3, M, were managers and Ey, F were Executive officers and if the relation B isdefined by xRy, where xis the salary given to person J, express the relation R through an ordered pair and an arrow diagram, Sol: Ordered Pair : The Domain of the relation is about the salaries given to person, Relation is R = {(10000, A,), (10000, 8,), (40000, A), (10000, A,), (10000, A,), (25000, C)), (25000, C,), (25000, C3). (25000 ,), (50000, My). (50000, M,), (50000, M,), (100000, E,), (100000, E,)} Relation R defined by x Ry “x is the salary given to person ‘y: Arrow dingram 2 (PPE EEODDO> >>>Da Ue FUNCTIONS # Let A and B be two nonempty sets, then a relation from A to B i. A Bis called a function from A to B, if (i) for each acA there exists beB such that (a, bef (ii) (@, bef and(a, clef > =e # A function ‘f” from a set ‘A’ to set ‘B’ associates each element of set A to a unique element of set B. of elements of A is known as the range of ‘f” or image set of A under f and is denoted by f(A). ie, f(A) = {f(x):xeA} = Range of f 2 fA) SB © Not every curve in the cartesian plane is the graph of a function. # Vertical line test: A set of points in the cartesian plane is the graph of a function if and only if | @ Letf: AB. Then, the set A is domain of ‘and Bis co-domain of ‘f. The set of all images ! t no vertical straight line intersects the curve more than once. Worked Examples ~ @ 2 fC 1) (-27-2 A 1-2 {25 4, 68, 10} and £0) = (OP-2 {(L, 2), (2, 4).(@56) (4, 8)}. Show that B is £@) = GF-2 Therefore, F=[(- 2.2 1,-1.0, 2.3.7) a function and find its domain, co-domain and a (ii) We note that each element in the domain Sol : Pictorial representation of R is given of f has a unique image. Therefore fis a in the figure. From the diagram, we see that function. foreach x€X, there exists onlyone yeY. — QBBEYICX = (- 5, 1, 3, 4} and Y = {a, b,c, then wl Thus all elements in X have only image of the following relations are functions from in Y, Therefore R is a function, es xX R Y (i) B, = (5, a), (1, a), (3, b)} 2 Gi) B, = (5,0) (1,8), G9), 4,9} Yo fa Gi) B, = 15,9), 1, 9), GB), @, 0, (LB) ia 6 Sol: Tos (Ry = 15.9), (1, 2), Gb) We may represent the relation B, in an 0, mrtonr diagram. Domain X= (1,2,3,4h x oR ¥ Co-domsin ¥ = (2.4,6,8,10) Ranges’ f= 2468 nge 2468) ry [EIB relation ‘fis defined by f(x) =x? - 2where, layt xel-2, 10,3} (i Listtheclementsof€ Gi) Isfafunction? » ; mn udieee cake | isnota function as 42% does not Sol: f(a) =a"-2uhere seb-2-103) nm eeeSE = 1 | RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS R, = 165, (14b), 8,0) O . True or False: If R : A+ Bisa relation thea the Arrow diagram of R, is shown in Figure domain of R =A xX R yx ‘True 5. If f: NN is defined as f (x) = x? the pre- Yd image(s) of 1 and 2 are and a 1 and None . The difference between relation and function is R, is function as each element of X has an unique image in Y. Every fimction is a Relation, but the relation Gi) By = (-5,9),(0,),8,b), (4,0) (1,b)}—|__ need not be a fametion. Representing R, in an arrow diagram. x oR ¥ 7. Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets, Then which one among the following two collection is 1 large? () The number of relations between A and B. (i) ‘Thenumber of functions between A and B. @) The umber of relations between A and B is ' 7 large. _R, fsnota faction as Le X has two re images a €Y and beY fonctions Note that the image of an element should always be unique. HEB] Given f(x) = 2x - 7 find —______— @ £0) Foe#1) Gi) t() +f) {1.15 the relation representing the association Sol between planets and their respective moons a function? EE Ys Hi Exercise 1.3 1, Let f= ((x,»)[x. ye Nandy =2s} be a relation on N, Find the domain, co-domain and range. Is this relation a function? Sol Replacing x with 1, we get £(1) = 24)-()?=2-121 Replacing x with x +1, we get £41) =2@+1)-&+ 1? 2x +2-(8 42x41) =oxtel Gil) FO +). = KX) 41 =x HOR HT [Note that f(x) + (1) # f+ D. In general (a+b) isnot equal to f(a) +F(b)] (CY Progress Check 1. Relations are subsets of ___; Functions are subsets of _ AEEE Cartesian product; Relations. i {Gx y)ix ye Nand y=23) Given that y=2x t 2 2 [/Sxh) NS | 5 3 \ 6] s | 2, True or False: All the elements of a relation should have images. ys WY False z y |. True or False: All the elements of a function Baie inp tl ues elaine should have images. So, Domain-Set of natural numbers =N and y is — MB me always an even number as y = 2x ()ae OO Range = Set of even natural numbers Co-domain = Set of natural numbers = N Here, the first elements (x) are having unique images. So, this relation isa function. 2. Let X= (3,4, 6,8}. Determine whether the relation R = ((x, f(x))|e X,f(x)= a7 +1) is a function from X to N? Sol : Given X = {3, 4,6, 8} Relation R= {(x,f(a))/xeX, f(x) =3° +H When x=3, 9+1=1WeN When x=4, ot 1= WEN When x=6, 36412 37EN When x=8, 64412 65EN R= (G10), 4 17), (6,37). (8,65), Since, all the elements of X are having natural numbers as images, itis a function from X to N. |. Given the function f 1 x* ~5x-+6, evaluate @ £C1) (ii) £ Qa) Git) £2) (i), £@-D) Sol: f(x) =x)-5x+6 @ FO) =C1P-SEN +6 = 14546 = 12 (i) £(2a) ii) 2) fv) f= 1) QapP-5 (2a) +6 = da? - 10046 2)7-5Q)+6 = 4-1046=0 = (e-DP-Se-) +6 xP-2x+1-5x 4546 xo Tx+12 4. A graph representing the function f (x) is given below figure. From figure itis clear that f (9) = 2. Da Ue (iv) Whats the image of 6 under f? Sol: @ @ FO) (b) £0) © £Q) (a) £(10) (ii) For what value of x is f(x) =1 From the graph, it is known that when x=95, (8.5) =1 Gil) (a) Domain = {x/00 = sx? — 96x? + 57x, x>0 So, the domain is 0. x1 9. A plane is flying at a speed of 500 km per hour. Express the distance d travelled by the plane as Function of time t in hours. Sol : Let the distance be Speed = 500 km/hr, Time = ‘ hours Distance = Speed x time d(@) = 5008 10. The data in the adjacent table depicts the length of a woman's forehand and her corresponding height. Based on this data, a student finds a relationship between the height (y) and the forehand length (x) as y= ax +b, where a, b are constants. [Length + of forchand (in cm) 35 a 50 5 55 74 (i) Check if this relation is a function. (ii) Find aandb, (ii) Find the height of a woman whose forehand length is 40cm. (iv) Find the length of forehand of a woman if her height is 53.3 inches. Sol: y=ax +b; x= forchand length; y= height For all the x-values, there is an image which is'¥. ‘Moreover the difference between two conse citive 'y’ values is constant = Iny=ax+b, (the Relation R= {(85, $6), (45,65), (60, 69.5), (55,74)} isa function wa Soiving(1) and (2), we peta ii) Given, forehand length is 40 em ieswhen x =40,y=ar+b So, = (0.90)(40) + 24.5 = 605 Height of woman is 60.5 inches Gv) Given height ie. when y= 533, 3533 = 0.9x4245 533-245 3 inchesDa Ue REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS i Worked Examples | WY Using vertical line test, determine which of the | _ following curves (figure a, b, ¢ d) represent a | $ fanction? | Y Cae a ee et 0 x —_—e : i bettie | [x x T Be ts | | aD Ay srf—-8 | Es ek [ H 3° 1 tg: i. we | P P Figure (a) 5 _ isa ol @ 4 s L 7 sg Figure (d) \ f Sol: : + “The curves in figure (a) and (c) do not represent lee o x a function as the vertical lines meet the curves in cd -2h- two points P and Q. Lt ‘The curves in figure (b) and (d) represent a function as the vertical lines meet the curve in at ye most one point. = Let A= (1, 2,3, 4) and B= (2,5, 8, 11, 14) be } | two sets, Let f: A B be a function given by a £(x) = 3x 1. Represent this funetion as 1x (by arrow diagram Figure (b) (i) ina table form (ii) as a set of ordered pairs " 2 iv) ima graphical form C:)ro) Fa) KI (et £Q)=3@)-1 £Q)=3@)-1= 9- fa)=4(3)-1=12-1=11 (Arrow diagram 1,2, 3,45 B= £2, 5,811, M4}; Let us represent the function f:A— B by an arrow diagram A f B \onef Len) Gi) Table form ‘The given function fean be represented. tabular form as given below 3 4 fo) | 2 5 8 Gi). Set of ordered pairs ‘The function f can be represented asa set of ‘ordered pairs as = (C1,2) 2,5), (3,8), 4 LDF Gv) Graphical form In the adjacent xy-plane the points (1,2), (2.5), (3.8), G4, 11) are plotted. 7Y ; a i Can 1 8) ++ ear O | Sy al EBEEA Using horizontal linc test fig (a), fig (b)s ig (©) determine which ofthe following functions are one-one ¥ be ¥ © Sol: ‘the curves in fig (a) and fig (c), represent a ‘one-one funetion as the horizontal lines meet the curves in only one point P. “The curve in fig (b) does not represent a one-one function, since, the horizontal line meet the curve in two points P and Q. DEM Let A = (1, 2 3), B= (4 5 6 7) and ‘1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. Show that fis one-one but not onto function. Sol: A={1,2,3} (4,5, 6 7h f= [(1,4,2.3)G,0)) ‘Then fis a function from A to B and for different clementsin A, therearedifferentimagesin B. Hence fisone-onefunction. Notethat the element 7in the co-domain does not have any pre-image in the domain, Hence fis not onto. A f ‘Therefore fis one-one but not an onto function, Q) BLet fe a fu If fanction defined by f(x) =x? +x-+1 then find B. Sol: Given A= {-2,~ 1,0, 1,2} and vexed (2% 2D41 CI+CD+ C4041 FU) = P+141=3 £Q)= 24241 Since, Fis an onto function, range of f= B Co-domain. ‘Therefore, B= {1,3,7h ctionf:N +N defined by f(x) =3x+2, xeN (i) Find the images of 1, 2, 3 (Gi) Find the pre-images of 29, 53 (iii) Identify the type of function Sol : ‘the function f: N—N defined by F(x) =3x42 @ ‘The images of 1, 2, Sare 5,8, 11 respectively, Gi) fis the pre-image of 29, then f(x) = 29. Hence 3x +2= 29 => 3x Similarly, ifx is the pre-image of 53, then f(x) = 53. Hence 3x +2= 53 3x=5] > x ‘Thus the pre-images of 29 and 53 are9 and. 17 respectively. Gi) Since different elements of NT have different images in the co-domain, the function fis one-one function. ‘The co-domain of fis N But the range of f= {5,8 11, 14,17, subset of N ‘Therefore fis not an onto function, That is, isan into function, ‘Thus fis one-one and into function. jc scientists cai ems) of a person based on the len their thigh bone. They usually do so function h (b) = 2, 47 b+ 54 .10 where b is the length of the thigh bone, = 2,-1,0,1,2}and fA > B isan onto 2 > x29 t (i) Check if the function Gi) Also find the height of a person if the length of his thigh bone is 50 cms. (iii) Find the length of the thigh bone if the height of a person is 147.96 cms. Sol: @ To check if his one - one, we assume that h(by) =h iby). “Then we get, 27 by + 54.10 = 2.47 by + 54.10 247 b, = 2A7b, => by =by ‘Thus, h (by) = h(b;) > by=by. So, the function h is one - one. (Gi) Ir the length of the thigh bone b = 50, then the height is bh (50) =2.47 x 50) + 54.10 = 177.6 ems, Gi) IF the height of a person is 147. 96 ems, then h (b) = 147. 96and so the length of the thigh bone is given by 2.47 b + 54. 10= 147. 96, 93.86 247 “Therefore, the length of the thigh bone is 38 cms. BEAL ct fhe function from R to R defined by f(x) = 3x —5. Find the values of a and b given that (a, 4) and (1,b) belong tof. £0) ‘can be written as (x, 3x-5)|x€ R} (a, 4) means the image of ais “That is, f(a 3a~5 Sa (1, b) means the ‘That is, (0 3()-5 =b > b= ‘The distance S (in kms) travelled in time'Y hours is given by $ (0) ii ARERR RO alee (i) three and half hours (ii) eight hours and fifteen minutes. Sol: The distance travelled by the particle is given by s@ +t 2 5 hours. Therefore, @ t=1 | RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS B.5743.5 2 TR = 9, $(33) 1 =8.25 hours. Therefore, ses) -& asiuig _ 763125 3 = 38.15625 “The distance travelled in 8.25 hours is 38.16 kms, approximately. Ifthe function & RR defined by 2et feyed 3x @ fa i), £2) Gi) £) +26) sh LOE RTOs 3) Soll: ‘The function Fis defined by three vales in intervals II, II as shown below 1 ol m1 6-3 -4- fa)= 2247 Fora given value of 2-1012345 6 f)=¥-2 f= 3x-2 the pasticular value defined in that interval First, we see that, x= 4 lie in the third interval. Therefore, f(x) = 3x-2:f(4)=3@)-2=10 2 lies in the second interval ‘Therefore, F(x) x2 = 25-2) = 27-22 Gi) From G, £(4) = 10. ‘To find £(1), first we see that x= the second interval ‘Therefore, iQ) =28-2> eay=2- ‘Therefore, F(4) +2 £(1) = 10+2(- 1 (iv) We know that f(1) =~ 1 and f( For finding f (~ 3), we see that x in the first interval. ro) lies in a find out the interval at which the point ais located, there after find f (a) F(x) =2x+ 7s thus, £(3)=23) +721 £0)-3f4) _ 1-309) __ 5) 3) f ‘Therefore, Hence, State True (or) False 1, All one - one functions are onto functions. False 2. There will be no one - one function from A to B when a (A) = 4, 0(B)=3. ‘True 3. All onto functions are one - one functions. False 4. There will be no onto function from A to B when n(A)=4,0(B)=5. 5. IF isa bijection from A to B, then n (A) = n (B). Tine 6. Ifn(A) = @), then Pisa bijection from A to B. AMEE False a All constant fanetions are False bijections. Thinking Corner 1. Can there bea one to many function? ‘There cannot be a one to many function as the elements in Co-domain should have only one pre- ‘mage in the domain. 2, Is an identity function one-one function? Yes. It is one-to-one fimction. 14 1, Determine whether the graph given below represent functions. Give reason for your answers concerning each graph. @ qu) - [»)= ae De Mi aU = {G, 2), 2, 2), @, 2) 3. Represent the function (4, 3), G, 4)} through (9) an arrow diagram z xg Gi) a table form Gi) a graph Sol : Given function f= [(1, 2) (2,2), 3.2), fe . (4,3),(5,4)} a ma G Arrow ding Sol ; (Iris nota function. Since, a vertical line 2 intersects the curve in two points. 3 (i) It isa function. Any vertical line drawn, s ‘will intersect the curve at only one point. ii) Te is not a function, Vertical tine (ii) Table form intersecting the curve at two points. x]t1]2]3])4]5 (iv) It is a function. Vertical line intersects the curve at only one point, fo | 2 [2 [2 [3 2.Let f : A+B be a function defined by Bal crapa f (x) = X-1, where A = (2,4, 6, 10, 12}, ¥ B= (0,1, 2,4, 5, 9}. Represent f by ' () set of ordered pairs; (ii) a table; (iii) an arrow diagrams (iv) a graph } Sol: f: A> B, £(@) ‘ 69 2, 4,6, 10, 12}, B= {0,1,2,4,5,9} : wun Set of ordered pairs =((2,0), (4,1), 6,2), (10,4), (12,5)} at ta da ba Table ta dy ba x[2]74][«][wo[n fo [a [2 [4 Gi) Arrow diagram . Gv) Gray ae ‘This function maps every element from the y domain to element that is twice minus one the * triginal dx | iaabeaysanceda mimber when ‘ xeN : Clearly, each element from the domain : tas is mapped to different element in the ‘ “too co-domain. So, the function is one-to-one. On the : Hs other hand, there are no elements in the clomain ‘Tgp ye that would map to even numbers. So, the function aa is not onto.1 | RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS |, £1) =2(0)- » £2)=2@)- whenx=3, f(3)=2(3)-1= Nf 5. Show that the function f : NN defined by £ (m) = m? + m + 3 is one-one function, Sol: f:NoN m+m+3 whenm=3, {(3) = (3) +3 +3= 15nd soon. Clearly, A function for which every element of the range ofthe function correspondsto exactly cone element of the domain. :. So, it is one-to-one function. 6. LetA=(1,2,3,4}andB=N.Letf; 4+ be defined by f (x) =" (@ Find the range of f i) Identify the type of function Sol: A= (1, 2,3,4} and B=N f: ASB fy =¢ fa) = @=1eN £@) = @)? £3) = @) £4) = (i= 64 eN Range of f = [1,8,27, 64} Gi)‘ isa function from ‘4 to’B' and all the clements in ‘¥ having different images in ‘B: 4 f) AB isa function. Itis one-to-one and into function and also called a cubic function, 7, In each of the following cases state whether the function is bijective or not. Justify your answer. () £: RR defined by f (3) = 2r+1 (i) £: RR defined by f (@) = 3-42 Sol: (i)f: RR and f(x) = 2x41 when r= 1,66 1)=2(-1)+1= when r=0,f(0)=2(0)+1=1eR when x= 1,£(1)=2(1) +1=3 Rand so on. 1eR For every value of x € R, £(2) also € R “- ‘The function is well defined and itis one-to-one function (Injective) For f(x): R-> R. the domain and range are also well defined, So itis an onto function, (Surjective) “Thus, the function is one -to -one onto i Bijective function, (i) f: RR, f()= 3-42 3-4()=3eR 1eR eR =1eR whena=-1, £(-1)=3~4 (-1) when x=-2, f(-2)=3-4(-2)'=-13 €R From this, it is clear that two or more clements having same image in the co-domain, So, it is not one-to-one and it is many-to-one function. Hence it isnot Bijective. &.Let A = ( 1, I} and B= (0, 2). If the function f : AB defined by £ (x) = ax +b. Is an onto function? Find a and b. Sol: A={- 1,1), {2 A> BF fl) =2 Since, there is a constant difference between x and f (9), its an onto function. Substituting the values, we get ~atb a+b Solving these equations, we get a= 1, b= 1 9. If the function f is defined by x+2 if a> F(@)=42-f -1S.8S1. ; Find the values of rol if -31and-3<-2<-1] &)ae OO 10. A function f :[-5, 9] +R is defined as follows: [ort y-ssx<2 5 if 25x<6 [ae-4 if oxes9 Find (@(-3)+F@) GiE™-F) F@)= 2f 2)-F (6) Gi 2°) +B) OM TDF) Sol: f:[-89]9R 6x41 if —Ssx<2 f(@)=457-1 if 2sx<6 Bx-4 if 6Sx59 @ 6-3)+f@) (6-3) + 11+ 152-1) (- 18 +1) + (20-1) 17+19= 5$-3<2 2s2<6] 3.(7)- 4} - (61) + 1) 21-4) =(6+1) 10 i £)-£0) 265789 5S1<2] {5(4)*- 1] + [3 (8)=4) [80-1] + 24-4] = 158-+20=178 [e2S4<6 y 2£2)-16) 65859] (4) + £2) £-2)=6(-2) +1 =i FO=3 0-4 fr6s6<9] (4) =5 (4)? ~ 79 [2s4<6] £2) 22)- 106) _ 1-14 FG) +2) 79-11 =2-14 36 9 8 687 11. The distance $ an object travels under the influence of gravity in time t seconds is given by S(O ets atth, whee, (i thewcctetitton ‘due to gravity), a, b are constants. Check function $ (t) is one-one. ‘the Sol Distance travelled by an object i given to beS()= ie +ateb C) Da Ue 'g- acceleration due to gravity isa constant. ‘¢ Is the acceleration due to gravity ‘ and *¥ are constants. ‘Visa variable. (t- time) At different values of , S(O is having different values. (images in codomain) clearly f: t> S(t) is one-to-one function, Given $.(0)= ren (= > {= time in seconds Let us take t= 1, 2,3 w.« Seconds 1 ge +at+b (@ bare constants) Whent=1 st)=£4a+b When t=2 > S(2) =2g+2a+b Whent=3 > 83) = 2g4+38 + band soon 1 50 Alltkelements oft ing diferent mages in S(t). Hence itis an One-to-one function, 12. The function ‘1? which maps temperature in Celsius (C) nto temperature in Faron (Eis defined by t (C) = F where F= "© Oo w Gi) 110) Gs) the value of C when ¢(C) = 212 (©) the temperature when the Celsius value is equal to the Fahrenheit value. Sol: 9c Given t (C) = F where F = “5 +32. C-- Celsius, F - Fahrenheit © = Case 90) @@ ="Oem =0rn=ne 908) a vas) 949 - Baw 25041432 = B0E Gi) 1-10) = 2 49 = 82241 | RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS Gv) Given t(€)= 212 28,222 28-22-32 3 5 = 1802 = 100%: (¥) The temperature when the Celsius value is, «equal to the Fahrenheit value. BPeC COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS, rei » > Xx. BR lo= £ 2 > ® Composition of functions is always associative, From the above, we see that fog ge f. TEEN Represent the function f(x) = 2? — 5x43 as 4 composition of two functions Sol: Weset f(x) = 2x?—5x+3and f (x) = Vx ‘Then, fQ)= fox? 5x43 Er provided a(x) #0, xeX. 1FFG The composition of two functions f and g is denoted by f © g and (f © gx) = flg(x)]. Composition of functions is not always commutative ie., fog + gef. £16001 3x-2,8 (9 Let f : XR and g ; XR be any two real functions, where XCR, then their sum ! f +g ie, (f +g): XR is the function dafined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x), for all xeX. | Their difference i.., (f -g) : XR is the function defined by (f — 2)(x) = f(x) — g(x), forall xeX. | The multiplication (af) is a function from XR defined by a sealar by (/\x)=« f(s), xeX. ‘The product fg : XR is defined by (fg(%) =flx).g(8), for all xe X. then find the value of k. Sol: f(x) = 3x-2,g()=2x +k (fea) = fe) =fQx+k) (2x4) -2 = 6x4 3K-2 Thus, (fog) (sof) Thus, (gef)to Given that f°¢ ‘Therefore, 6x-+ 3k — Find Sol: 6x ~ 6x4 3k-k kif fof (k) = S where f(k) = feof (k) = £( (k))=f@k-1) 2]2(@k-1) Thus, fof (k)= 4k-3 But, itisgiven that fof ‘Therefore 4k-3.=5 = WH HF (x) = 2+ 3,2) Prove that f 2 (ge h) Sol: f(3) =2x +3, g(x) = 1~2x,h() = 3x Now,(/2g)(x) = £(g (9) = F(1-28) = 2(1-2x)+3 = 5-4 Since, (fog)2h (x)= (fog) (h(a) ~ 2xand h (x) = 3x. fog)oh = (fog) Gx) = 5-4 (3x)= 5- 12x (1) (S21) = g(h (a) = B30) = 1-2 (3x) = 1-6x since, f(@°h)(#) =£(1 6x) = 2(1 - 6x) 43 =5-12x .. (2) From (1) and (2), we get (fegyeh = fo(geh) Find x if gif (x) = fgg (2), given f(x) = 38+ 1 eff(x) = effi Goi (This means "g off of fof x”) = glf@x+D] = eB Gx+ 141] = x44) =[(0x+4) 43] =9K47 fee (0 = fig (gG0I] Cris means “fof g of g of x") = flg (+3) = Fle+3)+3] £(x+6) = [3(6+6) +1] = 3x+19 “These two quantities being equal, wwe get 9x +7 = 3x + 19. Solving this equation we obtain x=2. (CY Progress Check State your answer for the following questions by selecting the correct option. 1. Composition of functions is commutative (a) Always true (0) Never true (6) Sometimes true ERIE (c) Sometimes true 2. Composition of functions is associative (a) Always true (0) Never true (6) Sometimes true EMTE (@) Always tre Cc) 1. Iff() =x" and g ( f(x) eM ud 3. Is.a constant function a linear function? 4, Is quadratic function a one-one function? No 5. Is cubic function a one -one function? Yes 6, Is the reciprocal function a bijection? AMIE Yes 7.1s f+ AB is a constant function, then the range of f will have ‘elements. Fog =£[g(x)] = f(x) = @)" = x gof =a(FQ)] = gh] = Gy =x ofeg = gef Mibrerisen5 1.Using the functions f and g given below, find f° and g°f.Check whether fog = gof. @ £@)=x-6,8@) =" (i) £0)= —,g (0) = 28-1 Gi) ===, Gv) £()=3 +x, 80) =x-4 (y) f(x) =4x°-1, g(x) =14+x Sol: @ FG) =x-6 a= fog =flg (ol = fle] = 7-6 E°F =s{F()] = glx-6] = (x-6)* C- 12x + 36 2 fegeges G 1@)=2,96)=28-1 2 fog = fg 00] = fae—1) = 53 g(x)=3-x gef = gifs] = «| a (2) Gp « fogegefF(x) = 248, g(x) (= 8.86 fog = flgG@)] = (3-x)= x+6 gef = g{fOo] = fash _9-x-6 Gv) £09 fog sof im few @) f(x)=4x*- Lets lex fog =f[a@)] =f +x=40. 4x1 (42x ¢x)-1 * fesegef 2, Find the value of k, such that / (@ £00) = 3x42, g(@) = 6x—k 2x hye) =4x45 =3x+2.g(0 = 6x-ke Fle @)] = f6x-K) 3 @x-k) +2 18x - 3k +2 alt] 18x-+ 12- eS 18x412-k = 1242 =10 -5 2x-kg (x) = 4x45 ig Go] = fl4s +5] (Gx+5)-k (e+2)-k i f= 3. IEf(x) =2x-1, 00) = 211, : 2 show that Sol: f(x) = dx-1g()= =F Seg =flg@l= ()- 222) eet-tex 2x-141 gef = glf@))=gQ2x-1) = de 2 . fogs gef-=x Hence proved. 4. (@) WE @ =~ -1,¢()=x-2 finda, if go f@ =1. (ii) Find k, if f (k) =2k-Land fo f(k) = Sol: @ f@)=8- La) f(a) = a= 1 Given, (go f)@) alf(a)l gi 1) a-1-2=1 3 Gi) f(y =2k-1 Given (fos)(h) FIFO] f12k—1] + 2Qk-1)- 4ak-2-1 4k 3 5.Let 4,8,CCN and a function f : A+B be defined by £ (3) by Sol: 4.B,CoN £: A+B defined by f (x) &: B+C defined by g(x) fog =f [g(x] = fx) = 27 +1 g°f =g{f ()] =9@x—1)=@x+1P =4x+4x41 ‘3’ can take any real value and can produce any real value. Thus, the domain and range of f°. and £°F is R (Set of real numbers). ()6. IEE (s) Sol: f(x) =x2-1 @) fof = flO] =fe-1) = (0-1? -1 = xt-2041- (e) foses = FTEL 2 (2x If f: RR and g: RR are defined by £ (x) = x and g (x) = x* then check if f, g are one-one and f>¢ isone-one. Sol: £@=x, £@) For any value of ‘x’, f(x) gives us a different value (image) in co domain. 2 f (3) is one-one function ed)= 1 eCt=1 Hence g(x) is not one-one function Fes = flg(o = fix!) =P =x” ‘fog isalso One - One function asxis mapped with different value of fog 8. Consider the function f (x), g (x), h (x) as given below. Show that (feg)eh = fe(geh) in each ()=xt 1, g(x) = 3x + Land hy) ?, g(x) = 2xandh(x)=x+4 a4, shoe ead he) =aS F(x) =x~ 1g) =3x+ hax? Fog = Flg (0) =M9x+ 1) Gx 1)=1=3e (fegieh = (Fes) [hol= (Fog) b2]=32 geht be felgeh) [3x41] ss (fog)oh Hence proved. Gi) £1) =x. 86) =26hOd=x+4 Fog =flg@)]=f24 £20 = Ox) (Feghon = (Fog) thin = 4G c) = 400 + 8x4 16) = 4x7 432K + 64 geh =g{h(]=glx+4] = 2044) eM ud Folgeh) = f(g th(x))] = flex +4)) R&+)]=2 e+ NP =4 Oc +4? (2 + 8x+16) = dx? 432x464 (fegeh = fo(geh) (Fog) th(x)} = (S28) [3x-5] Bx-5)*—4 = 9x? 30K+ 25-4 2 30x +21 geh =a (h@)] (3x-5)= (3x5)? 9x2 ~ 30x +25, f1Gx-5)] n?— 30x-+ 21 9. Let f = {© 1, 3), @, ~ 1), 2, —9)} be a linear function from Z into Z . Find f (x). Sol: f= ((-1,3),0,-0,Q,-9hf: ZZ Since "is linear function f() = a+b in (0,~ 1), when x =0,(0)=—1 a(0)+b in(-1,3), when x sal I+b “15 Lic ja-a- 4> 4x-1 . In electrical circuit theory, a circuit C(t) is called a linear circuit if it satisfies the superposition principle given by C (at, + bt) = aC (t,) + BC (1), where a, b are constants, Show that the circuit C= 3tistinear. Sol: Given superposition principle is Cat, + bi) = a€ (t) + BC (t) a, bare constants, Ifall the independent sources except for C (t) have known fixed values, then Cid :. C(t) is linear, Ait C(t) is linear and t= t, +t, Let C(t) = tand C(t) = 2t By Given data, Clat, + bt) = aC{ty) + BCL) @ Now C(t) = Clty +t) Le t= t+] = C(t) + Olt) from (1) att ttt Hence the function C(t) is linearHi Exercise 1.6 Multiple Choice Questions: 1, Ifa (Ax B) =6 and A = (1, 3} then n (B) is amt @)2 @ 3 6 [Ans: (3)] Sol: n(AxB) = 6 A= {1,3} > n(Ay=2 MAX) 6 n(B) = WA) 2 2. A= (a, b, p}, B= (2, 3}, C= ( & 5 5} then | nl(AUC)% 8) is Ms @ 20 @ 2 (16 {Ans: (3)] | Sol: A=labph B=Q3) C=lpans AUC = [a,b pans) (AUC) = 6 n(B) = 2 nl(AUO) xB]= 6x2=12 3. If A = {1, 2}, B= (1, 2, 3, 4}, C = (5, 6) and | D= {5, 6, 7, 8} then state which of the following statement is true. (1) (AxC)e(BxD) (2) (BxD)E(AxO) @) (AxB)c(AxD) () (DxA)c(BxA) [A Sol:A= {1,2}, B= {1,2,3,4}, C={5,6}and D={5,6,7, 8} AXC = (0,5), (1,6), 2,5), 2,03 BxD = {(1,5),(1,6),(1,7) (1,8), 2,5), 2,6). (2.7),2,8), G5), G6). (3.7). 8.8), (4,5), (4,6), (4, 7), (4, 8)} Hence (Ax €)< (Bx D) 4. If there are 1024 relations from a set A= (1, 2,3, 4, 5} to a set B, then the number of elements in Bis () 3 @ 4 Q)2 ws [a Sol: A= {1,2,3,4,5}, n(A)=5,n(B) ‘Number of relations from A to B is 1024. ie,2™ inAxB, 124 where ‘ma is number of elements 2!=>mn=10 AB) _ 10 mA)” 5 n(B) = 5. The range of the relation R = {(x, x°) | xis a prime number less than 13) is ) 2.3.5.7) @ 2357 @) 14,9,25,49, 121) @) (1,4,9,25, 49, 121} {a Sol: Sct of prime numbers less than 13 is 2.3,5,7,1)) Relation R= [6x9 xiva prime ‘number less than 13} R= (2,4),G,9), 6,25), (7,49), (1, 121)) Range = {(4,9,25.49, 121) 6. Ifthe ordered pairs (a +2, 4) and (5, 2a +b) are equal then (a, b)is a) @-2 ©) 23) 2) 61) @) G.-2) (Ans: (4)] Sol: Given (a+ 2,4) = (5,224) a+2=5 2a+b=4 2)+b=4 b=4-6 “3 2 . Let (A) = mand n (B) =n then the total number of non-empty relations that can be defined from AtoBis qm @) 2-1 @) n™ (@) 2" - 8. If (a, 8), (6, b)} represents an identity function, then the value of a and b are respectively a) 6) @) @.3) @) (6.3) ) 69) [Ans:(1)] Sol: Given {(a, 8), (6, b)} is an Identity function ie, (8, 8), 6,6) . a=8,b=6 (>)Ss ae Da Ue ~ 9 Let A= {1, 2, 3, 4} and B= (4, 8, 9, 10}, A 1 12, Let fand g be two functions given by function f : A> B given by £={(0, 1), 2, 0) Br -4)s 4:2) 6 I} F148) G9, Cn toes = {(05 2)s (1y 0), (2s 4), (4, 2), (7, 0)} then (1) Many-one funetion the range of fr is (2) Identity function @) (0,2,3,4,5} @) 41,027) (3) One-to-one funetion @) {1,234.3} @) {01,2} [Ans (4) Into function (Ans: (3)] Sol £ ='(0,1),(2,0),(3,-4),(4,2),6,7)) si {1,2,3,4}, B= (4,89, 10} & = 10,24 (1,0), 2,4), (4,2), (7, 00) A RB Now fog(0) fog) 4 fog) a fog-4) = fog?) a) Range of fog’ 10 13. Let (x)= Jiyy7 then ae C) Fly) =FO9. FO) a. Foz (9.0) and f ={(1,4), 2,8), (3, 9), (6 10 Saesoane funciona! @) fers foo.so) (4) None of these [Aas: (3)] 10. IF (x)= 23? and g(x)= ,, Then fg is Sol: fis) = fie? w 3 ayek then fy) = fie 9 * f and f(xy) = fiexy? ®o Oa Hence, iris clear that f(xy) < f(x) fy) * ~ (Ans: Ol 4 Teg = ‘ =2 = IF g = (1, 1), 2, 3), , 3), , 1) is a function fis) = 2x*, 260) oe by g(x) = a +p then the values of «and B woe sre =f = 1y t @ ©1,2) @ @-1) 23( 2) nf 3) C1 a (2) (+) @Cr-r (4) 0,2) [Aas: @)] -(4) g= 0, D,(2,3), 3,54, 7) ox? glx) = ax tp When a =2and B =~ 1, (x) =2e-1 IL If ft AB is a bijective function and if Whichisaitingyg (B) =7, then n (A) is equal to = 5 w7 O09 15. £ (a) = (x + 1)? —(&- 1)" sepresents @1 @ia (1). alinear function Aas: (yp) Seabicfanetion ao G) a reciprocal function J (@)_aquadratic function [Ass (4)] f: A> Bis a bijective function and n(B) = 7. fis. bijective function i., one-to-one onto nals f(x) = (+ 1)°-(x-1)° function. ‘Aand B should have equal number of = (x + 3x74 3x +1) - (x - 3x7 + 3-1) elements = oxte2 n(A)= 7 ss Cc)a ada ind UNIT EXERCISE 1, If the ordered pairs (x? — 3x, y? + 4y) and (-2, 5) | are equal, then find x and y. Given (x? ~ 3x, y7 + 4y) =(- 2,5) os XP-3K So3r42 (-N@-2 2. The Cartesian product A x A has 9 elements among which (- I, 0) and (0, 1) are found. Find the set A and the remaining elements of Ax A. Sol: Since A x A has9 elements , ‘Awould have 3 elements (23329) Ax A contains (~ 1,0) and (0,1) . “MOE a ~@ Similarly (0,1) isin Ax A So, 1eA ~Q From (1) and 2) = —10. 164 A= {-1,0,1} 8,1} «(-1,0,1} FACL=D.CL0.¢ bi) (0,1), (0,0),(0,1), (y= Ds (0) (1, DP :. The remaining elements of A Aare {C1,- D.C 1,0, @.-1,,0).(,-D, ,0),0,0} oT x2 ven that (x)=), | f Find @ £@ Gi) £@) Git) £ (@+ 1) in terms of a, (Given that « eT x21 40 xel 3-1 = V2 Iv fla¢1)= Ja+I=1 = Va [ te Sol: oe 321 Givena20 a4121 f: AN be defined by f (n) = the highest prime factor of " rel leviaw < LI] ie. (- 1,0, 1) 6. If f (x) = x°, g (x) = 3x and h (x) = x— 2. Prove that (feg)2h = fo(geh). Sol: Fx) =x4,g()=3x,h(x)=x-2 Fes = fle) =fGx 3x (Fog)eh =(Feg) th(x)] = (Fog) [x-2] (&-2P seh =g{h (| = glx-2] = 3(¢~2) Folgeh) = fle @o)] = £3 (x-2)] = [3(x-2) = 9-27 » (fegheh = fo(goh) Hence proved. 7. A= (1, 2} and 1, 2,3, 4}, C = (5, 6) D = (5, 6, 7, 8}. Verify that whether A x Cis a subset of B x D? Sol: A= {1,2),B=1,2,34),C=15,6),D=(5,6,7,8) AxC = 11,2) (5,65 {(1, 5), (1, 6) (25 5), (2, 6)} C)