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CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
4. DC TO MICROWAVE GENERATION
5. RECTENNA
7. SPACE SETTLEMENT
8. CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
The concept of the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is very simple. It is a gigantic satellite designed
as an electric power plant orbiting in the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). It consists of mainly
three segments.
1) Solar energy collector to convert the solar energy into DC (direct current) electricity
2) DC-to-microwave converter,
3) large antenna array to beam the microwave power to the ground.
The solar collector can be either photovoltaic cells or a solar thermal turbine. The DC-to-
microwave converter of the SPS can be a microwave tube system and/or a semiconductor
system, or their combination. The third segment is a gigantic antenna array. The SPS system has
that advantage of producing electricity with much higher efficiency than a photovoltaic system
on the ground. Since SPS is placed in space in GEO, there is no atmospheric absorption, the solar
input power is about 30% higher density than the ground solar power density, and power is
available 24 hours a day without being affected by weather conditions. It is confirmed that the
eclipses would not cause a problem on a grid because their occurrences are precisely predictable.
RECTENNA
A Schottky barrier diode is different from a common P/N silicon diode. The
common diode is formed by connecting a P type semiconductor with an N type semiconductor,
this is connecting between a semiconductor and another semiconductor; however, a Schottky
barrier diode is formed by connecting a metal with a semiconductor. When the metal contacts the
E.E.E DEPT GPCET Page 7
POWER GENERATION & TRANSMISSION THROUGH SOLAR POWER SATELLITE
semiconductor, there will be a layer of potential barrier (Schottky barrier) formed on the contact
surface of them, which shows a characteristic of rectification. The material of the semiconductor
usually is a semiconductor of n-type (occasionally p-type), and the material of metal generally is
chosen from different metals such as platinum, tungsten e.t.c. Sputtering technique connects the
metal and the semiconductor.
P=0.6*1=0.6W
P=1.1*1=1.1W
It appears that the standards of efficiency differ widely. Besides, the PIV of
the Schottky barrier diode is generally far smaller than that of the PN diode; on the basis of the
same unit, the PIV of the Schottky barrier diode is probably 50V while the PIV of the PN diode
may be as high as 150V. Another advantage of the Schottky barrier diode is a very low noise
index that is very important for a communication receiver; its working scope may reach 20 GHz.
surface facing to the earth, and the other two surfaces are used to deploy the solar panels.
SPS2000 moves on an equatorial LEO at an altitude of 1100km. The choice of the orbit
minimizes the transportation cost and the distance of power transmission from space. The
spacetenna is constructed as a phased-array antenna. It directs a microwave power beam to the
position where a pilot signal is transmitted from a ground-based segment of power system
(RECTENNA).
The Spacetenna has a square shape whose dimension is 132 meters by 132
meters and which is regularly filled with 1936 segments of sub array. The sub array is considered
to be a unit of phase control and also a square shape whose edges are 3 meters. It contains 1320
units of cavity-backed slot antenna element and DC-RF circuit. Therefore, there will be about 2.6
million antenna elements in the spacetenna.
The spacetenna is composed of pilot signal receiving antennas followed by detectors finding out
the location of the rectenna on the earth, power transmission antenna elements and phase control
systems. The left and right hand sides in Fig.4 correspond to parts of power transmission and
direction detection, respectively. The antenna elements receiving the pilot signal have a
polarization perpendicular to the antenna elements used in the power transmission so as to reduce
effectively interactions between both antenna elements. Moreover, the pilot signal frequency and
a frequency for the energy transmission are different from each other. Using two kinds of
frequency for the power transmission and the pilot signal prevents each other from interfering
and makes it possible to find out the accurate direction of a specified rectenna.
SPACE SETTLEMENT:
Space settlement is a unique concept for colonization beyond the Earth. While
most thinking regarding the expansion of the human race outward into space has focused on the
colonization of the surfaces of other planets, the space settlement concept suggests that planetary
surfaces may not be the best location for extraterrestrial colonies. Artificial, closed-ecology
habitats in free orbit would seem to have many advantages over any planetary home (Earth
included).
FIGURE 6.1
This is a solar-powered mass-driver, an electromagnetic linear accelerator. It
can be utilized as a reaction engine, which can use literally anything for fuel (even ground-up
chunks of Space Shuttle External Tanks). The mass-driver has been assembled from components
lifted by several shuttle flights, and soon will be ready to begin hauling cargo for a small moon
base to lunar orbit.
FIGURE 6.2
There, a lunar shuttle soft-lands cargo for the moon base onto the surface. The
cargo includes small habitats, solar arrays, mining equipment, and components for the assembly
of another mass-driver on the surface. This mass-driver will be used as a catapult to launch lunar
ores to a point in space where they can be collected.
FIGURE 6.3
FIGURE 6.4
FIGURE 6.5
The rectennas will be huge, but the land underneath need not go to waste.
Since the array absorbs the microwaves, but allows sunlight and rainfall through, the land could
be used for farming or ranching. Or, as in this case, the rectenna could be built as a vast set of
greenhouses, feeding millions.
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES:
1. P .Collins and R. Tomkins “A method for utilities to assess the SPS
commercially”sps power from space