LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 1981 BIOLOGY—ORDINARY LEVEL TUESDAY, 16 JUNE—MORNING, 9.30 to 12.30 ‘six questions from Part I and four questions from Part II. ‘oa sbould not spend more than 45 minutes on Part I, leaving about 135 minutes for Part II PART I (120 marks) jr six questions. Each question carries 20 marks, ite your answers in the spaces provided. a9 your answers short. fre your examination number at top. ‘mur to return this Part of the examination paper; enclose it in the answer-book you use for answering Part IZ. (#) Give the name of an enzyme which breaks down fate. me . (© Where is pollen produced in the flowering plant? a (@ Pathogens are, (©) Spirogyra reproduces sexually by « method called which cause .. Answer each of the following. In each ease put the symbol +/ in the box under the correct answer. (a) Which of the following helps to bind the soil? ‘sand minerals silt clay (0) Tho genotype of an organism describes its gametes genitals genetic content germination | (0) Which of tho following diseases is caused by a virus? ‘Tuberculosis Chicken pox ‘Pneumonis Typhoid (@) Which of the following dandelion oak spruce (©) In the human female, fertilisation usually takes place in the oriduct ovary vagina uterus PTO.> 1.48 & 8, Give one food source and one function in the body for cach of the fellowing constituenta of balanced Constituent Food Souree Funetion Protein Vitomin © o Fat ‘Mark with tho letter X the position of the adrenal glands. Name one hormone produced Ly the adrenal glands and stato ita function. Hormone .. 6. Name the parts labelled J, K, L, Mon the diagram of the maize grain shown in longitudinal section. J. |__K } Give the function of J..... Is tho maize grain a fruit or a sood?.. Give a reason for your answer.‘The diagram shows the skull of a mammal. State whether you think this animal isa carnivore, herbivore dr omnivore. ‘io Support your choice. Fig. ) What happens to the water level in the tube at the end of 48 hours. ‘which labelled tissue (B, G or H) you would now expect to find the red dye... Name this tisene. . ‘Tho seedling for this experiment should be dug up carefully from the soil and not pulled out of the ground. Suggest a reason for this.LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 1981 BIOLOGY—ORDINARY LEVEL TUESDAY, 16 JUNE—MORNING, 9.30 to 12.30 Lis on 8 separate sheet which provides spaces for your answers. The completed shect should be enclosed in gaswer book: Part IT (280 marks) jto your answers to this part in your answer-book. four questions, Each question earries 70 marks. Jain the part played by (i) frst, (i) temperature change, (it) water, iv) wind, in the formation of soil Doles un Sopcast 0 soars i ateentrrectaey 5) wae Ge) wind, elay soil. Which soll type ‘would you expect to have the greater porosity f Give a zeason for your answer. Aadition of lime to soil is « common agriculéural practice, Briefly outline the physical, chemieal and biological lfets of liming a soil. (2) Explain the terms: incomplete dominance, haploid. () In man there are 46 chromosomes in each somatic (body) cell. How many chromosomes are there in (i) a stomach cel, (i) an egg cell, (ii) liver cellt (6) In humans, normal skin pigment (N) is dominant to albinism (n) and normal height (H) is dominant to short height (h). Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring from the following sors; NNHL 3 Nall, ‘What is meant by a reflex action ? Desoribe with the aid of a labelled diagram what happens when your hand ‘seoidentally touches a hot object. tli a simple experiment to demonstrate that the human tongue is sensitive to different tastes, State two ways in which nerve action differs from hormonal action. (0) Drow a fully labelled diagram of a leaf in transverse section. Explain how the structure ofthe leaf is _ _% well suited to its rolo in photosynthesis, (©) Describe how you would show that there are several pigments in a chlorophyll extract, List any three Pigments you would expoot to find, Pro.2a atom (ae) mora ve eseterWall ‘The diagram shows the structure of the mammalian hearin section. From the information inthe di (i) state two differences between the atria (auricles) and the ventricles. (ii) which side of the heart is the larger? Suggest why this should be so. (Gi) what is the fanetion of the bicuspid valvet (Gv) name and give one function of the structure in tne position X. (© In an experiment, some frog red blood corpuscles wore placed in each of the following solutionss A~0.9% sodium chloride solution, B~0-79, sodium chloride slation, G-1-09j sums cory After a few minutes the corpuscles were examined under the microscope. ‘The corpuscles in A ‘burst; the corpuscles in B remained unchanged; and the corpuscles in C had shtivelled up. (Tn terma of osmonia, uggent an explanation for the appearance ofthe red blood corpus solution 0. (i) Which of the three sodium chloride solutions approximates to the concentration of blood pl (©) Describe the structural and functional differences between an artery and a vein. 18. ‘The diagram represents part of a food web of a woodland. Ss a T thrushes Jy [blackbirds (@) rom the food web, name: (i) @ primary producer. SN (8) 8 primary consumer. Tabbis caterpillars (ii) all the secondary consumers, () From the food web extract: (i) a simple food chain. ns and eves () « pyramid of numbers Pisa ead be (6) Imagine that large numbers of hawks were killed, Predict the short term effect this would have hadi the numbers of (i) foxes, (i) blackbitds, (i) plants and leaves, (@) Describe two methods used to estimate the number of animels and tuo methods used to estimate number of plants in the habitat you studied. 14. (a) By meens of « well labelled diagram only, describe the oxternal structure of a named moss of fora. (®) Give an eccount of (i) the circulatory system, and (ji) the process of nutrition, in the earthworm. arthworms are considered important to agriculture, Give three reasons to support this state 15. (a) List five structures you would expect to sco in a typical plant cell when viewed with an € ‘microscope. State the function of each structure you mention. (©) Draw a large Inbelled diagram of a yeast cell and desoribo its main method of reproduction. State ‘waysin which yeast is economically useful and two ways in whioh it is harmful. (©) What isan ensymot ‘Describe an experiment to show the effect of pH on the rate of enzymo action.