Judgment based technological forecasting technique

Trend analysis

Delphi Technique

Scenario development

Cross impact analysis

Morphological analysis.

9.a) What is the role of technology forecasting ?

Ans: Section 1: TF definition 1 M

Explanation of TF 4 M

Section 2: role of Technology forecasting in society can be explained as:

Use current knowledge to build the future

Specific scientific refinement

Promises to serve some useful purpose

Quantitative conclusions to guide judgment

role of Technology forecasting in organization can be explained as:

Better understanding of the future

Face challenges head on

Redesign business properly

Used to Avoid costly mistakes

9.b) What are the common mistakes and pitfalls in technology forecasting?

Ans:

Section 1: TF definition 1 M

Explanation of common mistakes or pitfalls in TF 4 M

Section 2: Five common forecasting pitfalls in technology forecasting are:

Even with the perfect forecast and best intentions, things dont always go to plan and mistakes can happen.
Here are the most common reasons for incorrect forecasts:

1. Lack of historical data

2. The validation process— fail to plan, plan to fail applies to forecasting.
3. Working in isolation— make sure planning teams communicate and work with other parts of the business
to improve forecasting.
4. What about what ifs— why waste time and money on forecasts that dont work when a what if exercise can
help with forecasting and reliably model for future requirements.

10
5. Once is not enough— processes like businesses are not static. They are constantly moving and require
frequent re-evaluation to increase efficiencies and gain a competitive edge.

10.a) What are the modes of technology transfer?

Ans: Section 1: TT definition 1 M

Explanation of Modes of TT 4 M

Section 2: “ Technology Transfer is a process by which science and technology are transferred from one
individual or group to another that incorporates this into new knowledge into its way of doing things”.

Three different types of Technology transfer modes are discussed in detail:

The Passive mode

The semi-Active mode

The Active mode

10.b) What are the features of technology package?

Ans:

Section 1: definition of TP 2 M

Explanation of TP 3 M

Section 2 : “Technology Package means all relevant documents relating to the Intellectual Property,
regulatory information, biological materials, manufacturing and CMC and other materials owned and/or
Controlled by Moment”, necessary for CSL to exercise its rights under the license, to be included in the
Technology Transfer Plan.

Features of technology package may include:

Product design

Production techniques

Service facilities

Management systems

11.a) What is the importance of assessing the technology absorption capabilities of recipients enterprise and
competence of know-how of supplier ?

Ans:

Section 1: Technology absorption introduction 1 M

11
 Explanation of capabilities of recipient and supplier enterprises. 4 M

Section 2: the absorption capabilities of recipient enterprise depends upon its resources capabilities and
transfer capabilities of supplier enterprise. The following are some of the issues discuss about recipient
enterprise:

Service facilities

Manufacturing

Equipment

The capabilities of the enterprise supplying the technology have an important bearing upon the effectiveness
and efficiency of technology transfers. The competence of the transfer agents, including their ability to design
an easily transferable technology package, is an important factor. The supplier enterprise and its transfer
package represent a combination of documentation, training and technical assistance. Motivation of the
technology supplier depends largely on the transfer mode and the potential return the supplier hope to realize
from an effective and efficient transplant.

11.b) What is the role of negotiation in Transfer of Technology?

Ans:

Section 1: Negotiation introduction 1 M

Role of negotiation in Transfer of Technology 4 M

Section 2: Negotiation is a popular method of bringing about an agreement between two parties. There is no
rigid formula for determining the price of intellectual property and thus estimate varies from case to case.
The negotiation concept generally discuss about

The price of intellectual property normally ranges between 2 to 10 percentage

The price would depend on the estimates of opportunity value

The realization of price could be divided between lump sum amount and recurring royalty payments.

Role of negotiation in Transfer of Technology involve:

Mutually satisfactory structure

Executed agreement

Long term relationship

12