ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Almighty, the supreme guide, for
bestowing his blessings upon us. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our
Principal, Dr. Prof.Vinu Thomas who gave us this opportunity and provided the required
facilities to implement this project.

We would also like to thank the Head of the Department of Electronics and Biomedical
Engineering, Dr.Prof. Minimol B, for providing us the support for our project. We are
extremely thankful to our project co-ordinators Ms.Sincy PS and Ms.Vijayalakshmi K, for
their guidance and valuable advice.

We would also like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our project guide, Ms.Sincy PS,who
helped us through every stage of our project.

We also thank our family and friends without whom we couldn’t have completed the project.

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 ABSTRACT
Three adults suffer from a stroke every minute in India. And about 5 million people are
disabled due to stroke globally every year. Almost 95% percent of people affected by stroke
experience paralysis of limbs that ranges from moderate to severe. This causes those
affected to seek treatment usually, physiotherapy. This entails regular visits to the
physiotherapist and therapy assisted by one.

The project proposes a prototype for an EMG(Electromyography) based ankle foot

orthosis- physiotherapy device for the treatment of ankle paralysis that arises as a result of
stroke. The device acquires EMGs from the paralyzed leg and compares them with
reference EMGs form the unparalyzed leg to return a correlation coefficient that indicates
the progress of the patient. The higher the correlation coefficient, the better the progress of
the patient.

The device is aimed at being active assisted. That is, as the EMG analysis of the patient
starts indicating a positive progress in the rehabilitation of the patient, the rate of speed
change of the orthosis(that would be fitted with a motor)will be accordingly reduced.

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 CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1

2. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................4

3. RELATED THEORY..................................................................................................10
3.1 STROKE.......................................................................................................10
3.2 ANKLE MOVEMENTS...............................................................................12
3.3 SURFACE EMG...........................................................................................17
3.4 SVM...............................................................................................................20
3.5 MUSCLE SENSOR.......................................................................................22
3.6 ARDUINO NANO.........................................................................................23
3.7 RASPBERRY PI............................................................................................24
3.8 FEATURE EXTRACTION............................................................................27
4. PROJECT DESIGN.......................................................................................................17
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM.......................................................................................28
4.2 HARDWARE DESIGN..................................................................................29
4.3 SOFTWARE DESIGN....................................................................................31
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION..................................................................................19
5.1 SIGNAL ACQUISITION...............................................................................34
5.2 FEATURE EXTRACTION............................................................................35
5.3 SVM................................................................................................................38
6. RESULTS......................................................................................................................39

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE......................................................................40

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 LIST OF TABLES

T5.1 EMG FEATURES.............................................................................................................35

T5.2 SVM DATASET................................................................................................................38

T5.3 ACCURACY......................................................................................................................41

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Surface EMG...........................................................................................................................7

Figure 3.1 leg muscles..............................................................................................................................16

Figure 3.2 Muscle sensor...........................................................................................................................22

Figure 3.3 Arduino Nano...........................................................................................................................23

Figure 3.4 Raspberry Pi 3B........................................................................................................................24

Figure 4.1 Block Diagram..........................................................................................................................28

Figure 4.2.1 Acquisition.............................................................................................................................29

Figure 5.1 Arduino Program.......................................................................................................................34

Figure 5.2 Feature Extraction......................................................................................................................38

Figure 5.3 SVM............................................................................................................................................39

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

EMG Electromyography

SVM Support Vector Machine

EEG Electroencephalography

CNS Central Nervous System

ANN Artificial Neural Network

VAR Variance

AR Asymmetric Ratio

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