1.

direct modulation:

C F G C | F# B C# F# | C
I IV V I I IV V I I

2. TRITONE SUBSTITUTION
V in C: G7 = G B D F
V in Gb: Db7 = Db F Ab Cb

B and F give dominant sound for G7

F and Cb(B) give dominanat sound for Db7

They share 2 notes so the substitution is G7 <-> Db7

C F G7 | C F G7 | Gb Cb Db7 | Gb Cb Db7 | C

3. Diminished modulation

C F G7 Bdim7 |Gb Cb Db7 Bdim7

4. intermediate modulations

From C to F # we modulate firstly to D then to E than to F#

C F Em A
D G F#m B
E A G#m C#
F#

OR from C to Eb to Gb (all three are 3 half steps apart)

C F Bb7 (borrowed from Cm and Vth of Eb

Eb Ab Db7 (borrowed from Bg and Vth of Gb
Gb

Where not to use I chord:

- bridge - has to be different from the rest of the song
- either chorus or verse - that makes chorus or verse very unstable