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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views27 pages

    Capitulo 03

    Uploaded by

    Jesus Cacharuco

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 27
    Scope Purpose of Load Ratings Manufacturer's Responsibility Disclaimer. Definitions. a Required Load Ratings. Optional Advanced Load Rating. Advanced vs. Basic Load Rating... Load Rating of a Too! Model Non Load-bearing Tools... Other Optional Ratings... Availabilty of Methods and Results. Material Properties... EXAMPLETOOL Rated Load Rating Methods... Basic Tension Load Rating.. Basic Torsion Load Rating... ‘Advanced Tensile Load Rating by FEA. ‘Advanced Torsional Load Rating by FEA ‘Advanced Tension and Torsion Rating by Proof Test Load Rating EXAMPLETOOL. Basic Tensile Rating Basic Torsional Rating ‘Advanced Tensile Load Paling by FEA ‘Advanced Torsional Load Rating by FEA Correcting Figure 2.8 Curves fr Viel Strength Variations... Correcting EXAMPLETOOL. . Chapter 3 Load Rating Section Contents References -nnnnnnnnen List of Tables 3.1 EXAMPLETOOL Load Path Components and Specified Material Properties. 3.2 Cross Sectional Tensile Load Capacity by Component for EXAMPLETOOL. 3.3 _Intemal ACME Connection Thread Shear Capacity 34 EXAMPLETOOL Basic Tensile Load Rating .. 35 Torsional Capacity and Makeup Torque for EXAMPLETOOL Connections. 3.6 Summary of Basic Load Rating for EXAMPLETOOL.. 3.7 Advanced Tensile Load Rating for EXAMPLETOOL.... 3.8 Rotary Shouldered Connection Interchange List wr List of Figures 3.1 Load Paths for EXAMPLETOOL. . 32 Pin Nock Tensile Capacity for Lower Connection on EXAMPLETOOL.. 3.3 Connections in EXAMPLETOOL. 3 y 3.4 Shear Area on Mandrel Splines .. 3.5 First FEA Iteration on Mandel... 3.6 Second FEA Iteration on Mandrel 3.7 First FEAoon Iteration on Housing 3.8 Connection Combined Load Curves 3.9 Machine Drawings of Load Path Components in EXAMPLETOOL 3.10 Pin Neck Tensile Capacity for Lower Connection on EXAMPLETOOL.... List of Equations 3.1 ACME Connection Shear Strength... 3.2 Force to Shear Threads. 38 Torsional Capacity of Connection Box 3.4 Torsional Capacity of Connection Pin 35 Makeup Torque below which Makeup does not affect Pin Tensile Capacity 36 Torsional Capacity of a Cylindrical Cross Sectio 37 Calculation of 7 38 Revised Capacity of Pin Neck (Yield) 32 Revised Capacity of Pin (Leak). ROAR SERRKBSRBVBRRBSSBSBRBRBAKY 28 28 2 2 a 32 288 3 = = = = 6 DS-i® Fourth Edition, Volume 4, Drilling Specialty Tools Chapter 3 Specialty Tool Load Rating 3.0 Scope. The load rating of a drilling specialty tool is the maximum load of a specific type that the tool is, expected to carry with no detrimental effects to its struc- ture, function or ability to maintain a pressure seal. This chapter covers methods for determining load ratings. 3.1 Purpose of load ratings. Load ratings are re- quired for tools covered by this standard for two primary purposes 3.1.1 To help prevent misuse. By determining and clearly communicating tool load capacity to the customer before the tool goes into service, the manufacturer and vendor help ensure that the tool will not be overloaded. Also, these measures help establish responsibility in the event that in-service overload ocours. 3.1.2. To aid in tool selection. Often, only the customer will know in advance what loads may be applied in a particularhole. A uniform tool load rating process aids the customer in selecting the optimum tool for the intended service. 3.1.3 Caution. The user is cautioned that the load rating of a system using multiple tools may be less than the load rating of the system's weakest tool. For ‘example, suppose a system consists of a drill pipe elevator with a 350-ton load rating, lifting drill pipe with a 500-ton load rating. System capacity may be limited to 250 tons because of small contact areas between the elevator and drill pipe lft shoulders. 3.2. Manufacturer's responsibility. The manufac- turer is responsible for establishing load ratings on its tools, using the methods outlined herein. For many tools, DS-1 covers important qualification steps and processes that are not covered by any API specifica- tion. However, if a conflict arises between DS-1 and a relevant API specification, then the requirement in the API specification shall prevail. 3.2.1 Approval of load rating. Basic and advanced load calculations, proof load test procedures and proof load test reports shall be approved by a registered professional engineer or equivalent. 3.3 Disclaimer. The process presented herein is generally intended to ensure that the tool designer is properly diligent in establishing tool load ratings. How- ever, this standard is not intended to obviate the need, for sound engineering judgment in the design and load rating of any specialty tool. The standard necessarily, addresses capacity calculations in a general way, and given the variety of specialty tool geometries and pur- pose, itis likely that some specific component or load case will require treatment not given here. Therefore, in applying these methods, a certain latitude must be given to the manufacturer to deviate from the letter of the requirements when sound engineering judgment dictates. When such deviations are made however, the manufacturer shall indicate to the customer upon request which steps were modified and the reasons for such modifications. 3.4. Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this chapter: 3.4.1 Design factor or safety factor. As employed by a specialty tool designer, a number equal to or greater than 1.0 that is applied to design equations to account for lack of precision in the equation and for other factors about which the designer may not be certain. 3.4.2 End (Rig end) connection. A connection in the load path of a specialty too! that carries string loads, and that is the end connection that attaches the tool to the drill string or casing string, 3.4.3 Limiting component. The load-path component having the lowest calculated load capacity compared to all load-path components in the tool 3.4.4 1g element. That part of the limiting component, such as a connection, body or other feature that causes the component to be the weakest in the load path. 3.4.5. Load hold period. The five minute minimum period for which proof loads are applied to a tool, 3.4.6 Load path. The path through which string loads are transmitted through a tool, 3.4.7 Load path component. A component through which string loads are transmitted through a tool. 3.4.8 Load rating (of a specialty tool). The load capacity of the weakest component in the applicable load path, called the "limiting" component. 3.4.9 Load rating methods. The procedures given in this standard for establishing load ratings on a tool, 21 CTH) __ k Hie 3.4.10 Midbody connection. A connection in the load path of a specialty tool that carries string loads, and that is not one of the end connections that attach the tool to the drill string or casing string, 3.4.11 SMYS. An acronym that designates the manufacturer's specified minimum yield strength for the material in a component. 3.4.12 String-loaded tool. A tool having a normal funtion and placement that requires it to carry one or more string loads. 3.4.13 String loads. Loads transmitted along a drill string or casing string as a result of some operation being performed on or with the string. String loads would typically be one or more of the following types: a. Tension. In a free string, tension from carrying the buoyed weight of string elements hanging below. The tool may be at the surface or anywhere in the string. In a stuck string, tension caused by pull applied at the surface. The tool may be at the surface or anywhere in the string between the surface and the stuck point. b. Torsion. Torsion applied at the surface against resistance created by drag below the tool, or by the string being stuck below the tool. c. Pressure. Loads caused by differential pressure across a specialty tool and by hydrostatic pressure, d. Compression. Load caused by applying the weight of string elements above the tool against a resistance (hole bottom, hole drag or stuck point) below the tool. 3.4.14 Temperature rating. The maxithum temperature in which a tool may be expected to operate with no detrimental effects on its load rating, structure, funetion or ability to maintain a pressure seal, 3.5 Required load ratings. The manufacturer shall establish the basic load ratings listed below. However, load ratings are required only for an applicable load type. For example, a tool that is intended to carry tension loads but not torsion loads need not be rated in torsion. Basic tension load rating Basic torsion load rating 22 THHill Associates, Inc. 3.6 Optional advanced load rating. This standard also establishes optional advanced load rating meth- ods as indicated below. These load rating methods, though not required, may be advisable for tools that are routinely loaded at or near their basic load rating limits. A manufacturer of such a tool may undertake the advanced rating methods upon its own initiative or upon request from its customers. ‘Advanced tension load rating ‘Advanced torsion load rating 3.7 Advanced vs. Basic load rating. The essential differences between basic and advanced load rating methods are: 3.7.1 Basic load rating methods. These methods employ simple hand calculations and do not take stress concentrations into account. Neither do they necessarily employ the latest available stress analysis tools and methods. However, basic ratings are satisfactory for many tools that are rarely if ever loaded near capacity. 3.7.2 Advanced load rating methods. Advanced load rating methods will add cost and difficulty to the load rating process, but will also provide improved accuracy and/or heightened confidence. Advanced load rating may be done either by proof testing or by finite element analysis (FEA). Only one of these is required to achieve an advanced load rating, but either, if used, must be performed as required herein. Manufacturers and users of tools with load-path components of complex geometry that are routinely loaded beyond 60 percent of the tool's basic load rating should consider advanced ratings. 3.8 Load rating of a tool model. If advanced load ratings are generated on a tool model using both FEA and proof test methods, the lower load rating of the two shall be the advanced load rating of the tool. The load rating of a tool model shall be the lower of the advanced load rating or the basic load rating, 3.9 Tools that carry no string loads. The require- ments of this chapter do not apply to tools that carry no string loads. 3.10 Other optional ratings. On its own initiative or by agreement with the customer, the manufacturer may issue the following ratings on a specialty tool. The methods and formulas used shall be at the manufac- turer's discretion. Temperature rating Ds-1 Fourth Edition, Volume 4, Drilling Specialty Tools ial pressure rating Compressive load rating 2.11 Availability of calculation methods and results. Upon request, the manufacturer shall make available to She customer or the customer's authorized representa- Sve the methods it employed to establish any rating on a tool, and the results of those rating methods. However, "= calculation methods and results may not be copied ox removed from the premises. 3.12 Material properties. For every load-path com- ponent, the manufacturer shall establish minimum values or ranges for at least the material properties sted below. Upon request, the manufacturer shall make available to the customer or the customer's authorized representative the values for the required "ial properties. 2. Specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) ©. Specified minimum tensile strength (SMTS). © Ductilty (% elongation). Minimum single Charpy V-notch impact energy (set of three specimens) if the tool is intended for rotating service. The manufacturer shall also specify the specimen size, specimen orientation and the test temperature for the Charpy V-notch impact test. The test shall be conducted per ASTM A370 and E23. 3.13 EXAMPLETOOL rated. Basic and advanced icad rating methods are performed on EXAMPLETOOL to llustrate the requirements given below. The load saings for EXAMPLETOOL begin in paragraph 3.20. 3.14 Load rating methods. Basic and advanced ic2d rating methods follow. In making calculations, the manufacturer shall assume that a load-path component material is the SMYS and that all load-path components z= machined to the tolerance limit that would result w the least calculated load capacity. (The reader will note that steps 1 and 2 are essentially identical for all load rating methods. They are repeated in each sec- on for continuity.) 3.15 Basic tension load rating. To perform a basic tension load rating, do the followin, 3.15.1. Step 1. Determine tensile load paths. centify and list the tension load-path components. 3.15.2 Step 2. Determine SMYS. Determine and list the SMYS of each load-path component. 3.15.3 Step 3. Calculate minimum cross section tensile load capacity. First calculate the minimum tension-bearing cross sectional area in each load- path component. Multiply this area by the SMYS of that component. The product is the minimum cross- section tension capacity for that component. 3.15.4 Step 4. Calculate the tensile load capacities of all midbody connections. If a connection member has the smallest cross section in acomponent, as is often the case, this cross section would have been analyzed in step 3. Step 4 would apply to shear capacity for non-tapered connections. For tapered connections such as API casing threads, the manufacturer shall determine connection tensile capacity by other appropriate means. Ifa proprietary thread type is used on midbody connections, the manufacturer shall use formulas provided by the thread manufacturer. 3.15.5 Step 5. Calculate the tensile load capacities of the pin(s) on end connections. Applicable formulas can be found in Reference 2 for rotary shouldered connections. Several rotary shouldered connections are interchangeable with other connections having different names. A list of interchangeable connections is provided in Table 3.8. If a proprietary thread type is used on end connections, the manufacturer shall use formulas provided by the thread manufacturer. If the end connection is a rotary shouldered connection, the effects of makeup torque as outlined in Reference 4 shall be considered. 3.15.6 Step 6. Identify the limiting component and determine the tool's basic tension load rating. The limiting component is the load-path component having the lowest calculated tensile load capacity from any step above. The basic tension load rating for the tool is the smallest calculated tensile load capacity of the limiting component. 3.15.7 Step 7. Prepare a design file. The design file shall contain the calculations used and the results obtained in the basic load rating. 3.16 Basic torsion load rating. To perform a basic torsion load rating, do the following: 3.16.1 Step 1. Determine torsion load paths. Identify and list all torsion load-path components,

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