Scope
Purpose of Load Ratings
Manufacturer's Responsibility
Disclaimer.
Definitions. a
Required Load Ratings.
Optional Advanced Load Rating.
Advanced vs. Basic Load Rating...
Load Rating of a Too! Model
Non Load-bearing Tools...
Other Optional Ratings...
Availabilty of Methods and Results.
Material Properties...
EXAMPLETOOL Rated
Load Rating Methods...
Basic Tension Load Rating..
Basic Torsion Load Rating...
‘Advanced Tensile Load Rating by FEA.
‘Advanced Torsional Load Rating by FEA
‘Advanced Tension and Torsion Rating by Proof Test
Load Rating EXAMPLETOOL.
Basic Tensile Rating
Basic Torsional Rating
‘Advanced Tensile Load Paling by FEA
‘Advanced Torsional Load Rating by FEA
Correcting Figure 2.8 Curves fr Viel Strength Variations...
Correcting EXAMPLETOOL. .
Chapter 3 Load Rating
Section Contents
References -nnnnnnnnen
List of Tables
3.1 EXAMPLETOOL Load Path Components and Specified Material Properties.
3.2 Cross Sectional Tensile Load Capacity by Component for EXAMPLETOOL.
3.3 _Intemal ACME Connection Thread Shear Capacity
34 EXAMPLETOOL Basic Tensile Load Rating ..
35 Torsional Capacity and Makeup Torque for EXAMPLETOOL Connections.
3.6 Summary of Basic Load Rating for EXAMPLETOOL..
3.7 Advanced Tensile Load Rating for EXAMPLETOOL....
3.8 Rotary Shouldered Connection Interchange List wr
List of Figures
3.1 Load Paths for EXAMPLETOOL. .
32 Pin Nock Tensile Capacity for Lower Connection on EXAMPLETOOL..
3.3 Connections in EXAMPLETOOL. 3 y
3.4 Shear Area on Mandrel Splines ..
3.5 First FEA Iteration on Mandel...
3.6 Second FEA Iteration on Mandrel
3.7 First FEAoon Iteration on Housing
3.8 Connection Combined Load Curves
3.9 Machine Drawings of Load Path Components in EXAMPLETOOL
3.10 Pin Neck Tensile Capacity for Lower Connection on EXAMPLETOOL....
List of Equations
3.1 ACME Connection Shear Strength...
3.2 Force to Shear Threads.
38 Torsional Capacity of Connection Box
3.4 Torsional Capacity of Connection Pin
35 Makeup Torque below which Makeup does not affect Pin Tensile Capacity
36 Torsional Capacity of a Cylindrical Cross Sectio
37 Calculation of 7
38 Revised Capacity of Pin Neck (Yield)
32 Revised Capacity of Pin (Leak).
ROAR
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28
28
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2
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32
288
3
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6DS-i® Fourth Edition, Volume 4, Drilling Specialty Tools
Chapter 3
Specialty Tool Load Rating
3.0 Scope. The load rating of a drilling specialty tool
is the maximum load of a specific type that the tool is,
expected to carry with no detrimental effects to its struc-
ture, function or ability to maintain a pressure seal. This
chapter covers methods for determining load ratings.
3.1 Purpose of load ratings. Load ratings are re-
quired for tools covered by this standard for two primary
purposes
3.1.1 To help prevent misuse. By determining
and clearly communicating tool load capacity to
the customer before the tool goes into service, the
manufacturer and vendor help ensure that the tool
will not be overloaded. Also, these measures help
establish responsibility in the event that in-service
overload ocours.
3.1.2. To aid in tool selection. Often, only the
customer will know in advance what loads may be
applied in a particularhole. A uniform tool load rating
process aids the customer in selecting the optimum
tool for the intended service.
3.1.3 Caution. The user is cautioned that the load
rating of a system using multiple tools may be less
than the load rating of the system's weakest tool. For
‘example, suppose a system consists of a drill pipe
elevator with a 350-ton load rating, lifting drill pipe
with a 500-ton load rating. System capacity may be
limited to 250 tons because of small contact areas
between the elevator and drill pipe lft shoulders.
3.2. Manufacturer's responsibility. The manufac-
turer is responsible for establishing load ratings on its
tools, using the methods outlined herein. For many
tools, DS-1 covers important qualification steps and
processes that are not covered by any API specifica-
tion. However, if a conflict arises between DS-1 and a
relevant API specification, then the requirement in the
API specification shall prevail.
3.2.1 Approval of load rating. Basic and advanced
load calculations, proof load test procedures and
proof load test reports shall be approved by a
registered professional engineer or equivalent.
3.3 Disclaimer. The process presented herein is
generally intended to ensure that the tool designer is
properly diligent in establishing tool load ratings. How-
ever, this standard is not intended to obviate the need,
for sound engineering judgment in the design and load
rating of any specialty tool. The standard necessarily,
addresses capacity calculations in a general way, and
given the variety of specialty tool geometries and pur-
pose, itis likely that some specific component or load
case will require treatment not given here. Therefore,
in applying these methods, a certain latitude must be
given to the manufacturer to deviate from the letter of
the requirements when sound engineering judgment
dictates. When such deviations are made however,
the manufacturer shall indicate to the customer upon
request which steps were modified and the reasons for
such modifications.
3.4. Definitions. The following definitions apply to
terms used in this chapter:
3.4.1 Design factor or safety factor. As employed
by a specialty tool designer, a number equal to or
greater than 1.0 that is applied to design equations
to account for lack of precision in the equation and
for other factors about which the designer may not
be certain.
3.4.2 End (Rig end) connection. A connection in
the load path of a specialty too! that carries string
loads, and that is the end connection that attaches
the tool to the drill string or casing string,
3.4.3 Limiting component. The load-path component
having the lowest calculated load capacity compared
to all load-path components in the tool
3.4.4 1g element. That part of the limiting
component, such as a connection, body or other
feature that causes the component to be the weakest
in the load path.
3.4.5. Load hold period. The five minute minimum
period for which proof loads are applied to a tool,
3.4.6 Load path. The path through which string
loads are transmitted through a tool,
3.4.7 Load path component. A component through
which string loads are transmitted through a tool.
3.4.8 Load rating (of a specialty tool). The load
capacity of the weakest component in the applicable
load path, called the "limiting" component.
3.4.9 Load rating methods. The procedures given
in this standard for establishing load ratings on a tool,
21CTH) __ k
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3.4.10 Midbody connection. A connection in the
load path of a specialty tool that carries string loads,
and that is not one of the end connections that attach
the tool to the drill string or casing string,
3.4.11 SMYS. An acronym that designates the
manufacturer's specified minimum yield strength for
the material in a component.
3.4.12 String-loaded tool. A tool having a normal
funtion and placement that requires it to carry one
or more string loads.
3.4.13 String loads. Loads transmitted along a drill
string or casing string as a result of some operation
being performed on or with the string. String loads
would typically be one or more of the following types:
a. Tension. In a free string, tension from carrying the
buoyed weight of string elements hanging below.
The tool may be at the surface or anywhere in
the string. In a stuck string, tension caused by
pull applied at the surface. The tool may be at
the surface or anywhere in the string between the
surface and the stuck point.
b. Torsion. Torsion applied at the surface against
resistance created by drag below the tool, or by
the string being stuck below the tool.
c. Pressure. Loads caused by differential pressure
across a specialty tool and by hydrostatic
pressure,
d. Compression. Load caused by applying the
weight of string elements above the tool against a
resistance (hole bottom, hole drag or stuck point)
below the tool.
3.4.14 Temperature rating. The maxithum
temperature in which a tool may be expected to
operate with no detrimental effects on its load rating,
structure, funetion or ability to maintain a pressure
seal,
3.5 Required load ratings. The manufacturer shall
establish the basic load ratings listed below. However,
load ratings are required only for an applicable load
type. For example, a tool that is intended to carry
tension loads but not torsion loads need not be rated
in torsion.
Basic tension load rating
Basic torsion load rating
22
THHill Associates, Inc.
3.6 Optional advanced load rating. This standard
also establishes optional advanced load rating meth-
ods as indicated below. These load rating methods,
though not required, may be advisable for tools that
are routinely loaded at or near their basic load rating
limits. A manufacturer of such a tool may undertake
the advanced rating methods upon its own initiative or
upon request from its customers.
‘Advanced tension load rating
‘Advanced torsion load rating
3.7 Advanced vs. Basic load rating. The essential
differences between basic and advanced load rating
methods are:
3.7.1 Basic load rating methods. These methods
employ simple hand calculations and do not take
stress concentrations into account. Neither do
they necessarily employ the latest available stress
analysis tools and methods. However, basic ratings
are satisfactory for many tools that are rarely if ever
loaded near capacity.
3.7.2 Advanced load rating methods. Advanced
load rating methods will add cost and difficulty to the
load rating process, but will also provide improved
accuracy and/or heightened confidence. Advanced
load rating may be done either by proof testing or
by finite element analysis (FEA). Only one of these
is required to achieve an advanced load rating, but
either, if used, must be performed as required herein.
Manufacturers and users of tools with load-path
components of complex geometry that are routinely
loaded beyond 60 percent of the tool's basic load
rating should consider advanced ratings.
3.8 Load rating of a tool model. If advanced load
ratings are generated on a tool model using both FEA
and proof test methods, the lower load rating of the two
shall be the advanced load rating of the tool. The load
rating of a tool model shall be the lower of the advanced
load rating or the basic load rating,
3.9 Tools that carry no string loads. The require-
ments of this chapter do not apply to tools that carry
no string loads.
3.10 Other optional ratings. On its own initiative or
by agreement with the customer, the manufacturer
may issue the following ratings on a specialty tool. The
methods and formulas used shall be at the manufac-
turer's discretion.
Temperature rating