ROE est mslcmocow lata) PASO J Antes de escribir --- 1. Haz una lista de ideas Asegiirate de que comprendes el tema y luego anota todas las ideas que se te ocurran. * Note fijes en sila idea es importante 0 no. * No te preocupes por la gramética ni la ortogratia. © Puedes escribirias en tu lengua. 2. Organiza tus ideas: ‘Tacha las que no son importantes, © Agrupa las que son parecidas. '* Describe cada grupo con una frase. © Ordena los grupos de forma ldgica. PASO 2 Haz un borrador ‘Ya estis preparado/a para empezar a escribir, Para el borrador utiliza las ideas del paso anterior. '* Escribe con lapiz. Deja mérgenes amplios a los. lados para hacer anotaciones y espacio suficiente centre las lineas para lo que quieras afiadir 0 corregir. * Escribe deprisa y no te preocupes todavia por la limpieza o la exactitud. * Sino sabes cémo se dice una palabra en inglés, escribela en tu lengua. terminado. Escribir un texto, pigina 125 ‘Si no sabes escribirla correctamente en inglés, andtala + como te suene y biscala en el diccionario cuando hayas HHoPic:: what ose ene advantaies and. dad onages of tra | (nkecrat 2 a e You con we it Be ps studios [© Soe xin ws te eed: Peano | esis homes, Pern ieee r ae ee Spand tis uch ® Erwaitlon the latexcet haa becowe | O PPpilor means of communication. |Groip & = latcoduekion | Gioup & = the odlvontoges of the Inlennct Group C =" ciaclieutdgen of te [oo neta etePASO 3 Repasa lo escrito « Cuando termines el borrador, Iéelo y corrige lo que haya que mejorar. Mira la lista de la derecha con los puntos que debes ‘comprobar. PASO 4 Redacta | Cuando este seguota de fo aus han eecrto, pasalo a limpio. ‘© Escribe con boligrato. ‘© Incluiye todas tus correcciones. © Deja un margen a la izquierda. © Separa claramente los pérrafos. Nota: Cl empezado con una fase adecuade? J Puedes indicar et principio de fos pérrafos de dos a me cn cri? Pa 1, Sangrando la primera linea. Para ello, debes Cl Inctuido detalles y efemplas signifcattvos? empezar a escribirla un poco hacia la derecha. ‘acabado con una fase adectada? 2. Dejando una linea en blanco antes de empezar [2 sad pronofnbrés para no Peper ls nombres Ya el siguiente. En este caso el pérrafo empieza ‘mencionados antes? egado al merger leaxioto, ‘empleado conectores para enfazar mis ideas? ‘Amibos estlos son correctos, pero usa sélo uno, no 2 un debes alternarlos en un mismo texto. El primer estilo se prefiere para las cartas informales. Trina ecaracmn sete ciassreqsan shapes: (3 repasad la gramética?. 3 comprobado (a ortograt 11) revisado at orden de tas palabras? ‘Cl usado fos conectores adecuados? 2 presentado (a informacién sigufendo un orden Kégioo?vv ttt tr er eww ew wwe ee ee "Writing Guide Ose CR Roo tale! EL ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS El orden de las palabras es muy importante en inglés y la estructura mds corriente es: Sujeto + verbo + complemento directo 0 inditecto + otros complementos No olvides que: 1. Si una frase tiene complemento directo e indirecto, estos pueden aparecer de dos formas: ‘She bought him a present. ‘She bought a present for him. / 2. Las expresiones temporales van al principio o al final de la frase. Every week he plays tennis. / He plays tennis every week. / 3. Nunca se debe separar él verbo de su complerhento, No podemos decir: He plass every week tennis. X 4. Los adverbios de modo pueden ir en varios sitios, pero nunca entre el verbo y el complemento, ‘Suddenly, he left the room. He left the room suddenly. / ‘He suddenly left the room. He left suddenly the room. X 5. Los adverbios de frecuencia van delante del verbo principal pero detras del verbo fo be. We usually eat together: We eat usually together. X We are usually on time, Nota: También pueden ir al principio de la frase: Usually we eat together: ‘Nota: Always y never jamas empiezan o acaban una frase. No podemos decir: Always we eat together: X We eat together never. X CONCORDANCIA SUJETO - VERBO El verbo concordaré con el sujeto dependiendo de si este va en singular o en plural. The singer travels alot. (singular) /The singers travel a lot. (plural) No olvides que: 1. Algunos nombres. en singular que se refieren @.un colectivo o grupo pueden ir con el verbo en singular o plural, pero otros precisan el verbo en plural ‘My family has / have decided to move house, ‘The police have arrested a suspect. 2. Las cantidades normalmente se expresan con verbos en singular. A thousand euros was donated to charity. 3. Palabras como anybody, everyone y nobody en funcién de sujetd llevan el verbo en singular. Is anybody there? ‘Nobody speaks his language. Everyone is upset by the news. 4. La mayoria de los nombres no contabies llevar él verbo én singular. ‘The food is very good at this restaurant. 5. algunos nombres terminados en's, aunque sean singulay, evan el verbo en plural ‘My jeans are not new. ‘The scissors are in the drawer. USO DE LOS ADJETIVoS 1. Los agjetivos se colocan delante de los nombres y detras de algunos verbos como feel, be, ook. seem etd. 4 beautiful painting feel excited. / 2. Son invariables, es decir, tienen la misma forma en singular que en plural ‘careful driver /eareful drivers 3. Si hay varios, deben ir en este orden: opinién + tamatio 0 edad + color + origen o procedencia + material handsome, young, British man 7Writing Guide pte oy ‘Son conjunciones y expresiones que unen ideas y muestran la relacién que.existe entre elias: {often g0 10 the cinema, but some of my friends don’. (but expresa un contraste) prefer watching a film atthe cinema because it sa special experience. (because presenta la causa 0 el motivo) You see the flm on a huge screen s0 you feel part ofthe action. (so describe un resultado) También nos ayudan a organizar el texto para que al lector le resulte més fcil seguiro, "Tn general, prefer watching a fim atthe cinema than watching one on TV. Fiat ofa itis much more special when you leave your home to go and see a film. ‘you always see the latest films atthe cinema. Many of my friends, like to watch videos or DVDs they say it is much ‘more comfortable 10 watch a film at home. this is true, nothing, ‘can replace the ‘thrill of watching a film at the. ‘be lazy ~ make the effort and go to the cinema! Estudia el cuadro y fijate en los ejemplos de la derecha, Funcién Ejempios ‘afadir ideas sobre un mismo tema..| and /in addition (to) / furthermore / moreover / what's more 7 besides / also / too resentar la causa 0 e! motivo because (of) / since / due to / for this reason / that is why / cone / another reason for... is. desoribir un resultado '80// therefore / consequently / thus / as a result/‘as a consequence expresar un objetivo in order (not) to /t0/ 50 as (nat) to /o that expresar un contraste ‘but / however / nevertheless / yet / sti / although / even if/ ‘even though / in spite of / despite / whereas. mostrar puntos en comin similarly / likewise / in the same way expresar opiniones personales in my opinion / | (strongly) believe (that) / think / feel (that) /in my view /it seems to me (that) / personaly / as | see it escribir la realidad in fact /as a matter of fact / actually / the truth is (that) hacer afirmaciones generales in general / generally /as a rule /on the whole ‘enumerar una serie de puntos to begin / start with /in the first place / fist of al / firstly, secondly thirdly ete. / after that / then / next / finally / lastly dar ejemplos for example / for instance / such as / like / particularly /in particular / especially / (more) spectically j resentar ideas opvestas fon the one hand / on the other hand / in contrast / contrary to / it can also be argued that / but there are people who say (that) ‘mostrar una secuencia de hechos | first / at first /in the beginning / next / then / later / meanwhile / after that / afterwards / at last / finally /in the end expresar el tiempo when'/ while / before / after / until / as soon as / by the time hacer conctusiones in conclusion / to sum up / finally /n shortUn pérrato suele ser un conjunto de oraciones ‘sobre un tema y consta de las siguientes partes: MODELO |. La oraci6n introductoria que presenta el tema. Topic {] Television has had a great influence on our lives. 2. El cuerpo del pérrafo, que desarrola la idea First of all it has made the world smaller and Eee ae acre ere oe allows us to see exotic places and people. cpa ahi te ol 3. La oracén nal, que resume la idea principal. sentences, | | Moreover its fantastic means of spreading No siempre es necesaria knowledge ad culture, Finally, television i a wonderful companion for old or sick people. Estas partes deben enlazarse de una manera I ocean fac ok ick poor l6gica para que el pérrafo se entienda con Concluding | | I8Comelusion itis probably one ofthe most faclidad, lo cual puedes conseguir: iene ye eied samy, 1. Usando pronombres para no reper los nombres que han aparecido antes en el text. 2. Usando conectores para relacionar as ideas (mira el cuadro dela pagina 124), Escribir un texto Un texto se compone de varios pérrafos sobre un mismo tem: ‘Aunque los hay de diferentes tipos, todos tienen esta estructura bésica: 1, INTRODUCCION Es la pfesentacion general del tera en una o dos frases y con ella debes intentar captar la atencién del lector. Estas son algurias ideas: ‘scribe una breve anécdota sobre algin hecho real oiventado. Tom's mother walked into his room. She could harily believe her eyes. There he was, siting watching TV. His clothes were ‘everywhere. He hadn't done his homework. Tom was in big trouble. b._Empieza con una o varias preguntas. Do yow always have the television switched on even if you're not watching it? Do you plan your social life acconing to our favourite TV programmes? Do you feel that television is taking over your life? ©. Comienza con el pronombre neutro it para despertar la curiosidad del lector. {eis in every home, whether you lke it or not. Some people almost consider it apart ofthe family. Others can't stant: Can you imagine a world without television? ‘Sino se te ocurre como empezar, no te preocupes. Ponte a desarrollar el tema y deja la introduccién para més adelante. Lo importante es ir avanzando. 2. DESARROLLO Consta de uno o varios parrafos en los que se desarrolla el tema. Antes de escribir, piensa lo que quieres decir (mira en la pagina 121), organiza las ideas en grupos y numéralos en un orden l6gico. Desarrolla las ideas de ‘cada grupo en un pérrato diferente. 3. CONCLUSION ‘Se compone de una 0 dos frases que resumen la idea principal. Puede expresar algo parecido 4 la introdiiccién ‘Pero dicho con otras palabras y siempre debe hacer pensar al lector sobre lo que ha leido. To sum up, whatever your opinion is, television is here to stay. It has a tremendous effect on our lives and will probably continue to do so for many years to come.A Farm esse see) Al escribir una biografia pretendemos dar informacién relevante sobre alguna persona siguiendo un orden cronolégico. Lee el tema, las notas y estructura del texto, y el modelo que te proponemos. TASK: Write a biography of Viggo Mortensen. NOTES: .. . [ yTGGO PETER MORTENSEN ave of Bivehe 200m Ocpober, 1958 irebolace: amily: American sother, Danish father. i * ‘ Fleet big part in film ~ witness, cer history: Appeared in over thirty filns. First ; - as played Amish farmer. Biggest ‘break - Aragorn in Lord of the Rings : aye Mending role in the 2005 film Alatriste, Is also an artist, poet, musician (has released 3 jazz (Ds) and photographer. Fan of Argentine football team San Lorenzo. Lived in South America from the age of two until PLAN: ‘MODEL, ‘Viggo Mortensen was bom on 20th October, 1958 in New York. His father was Danish and his mother was American. Viggo lived in South America between the ages of two and eleven. ‘Viggo Mortensen has appeared in over thirty films. His first major part was as an > ‘Amish farmer in the film Wimess. His most important role so far was Aragorn in carrera como actor en the Lord of the Ri it me ! ord ofthe Ring films. He also plays the main character inthe 2005 film een eee Alatriste. Sm ‘Viggo Mortensen is not only a talented actor. He is also an artist, a photographer |ccomee ceeeiceal And be writes posry. Moreover, he ia jazz musician and has recorded thee CDs, | poniendo mucho énfasis In his spare time, he supports the Argentine football team San Lorenzo. Pethaps en ella. these interests are what make him a versatile actor who continues to succeed. BSS iai ae) Tal te aadAn Opinior ie opinion) Escribimos textos de opinién para convencer a alguien de que nuestro punto de vista es correcto. Lee el tema del texto, su estructura y el modelo que te proponemos. TASK: Write about why people shouldn't download songs from the Internet. Paragraph 1 downloading songs is stealing Paragraph 2 hard work, show ‘admiration by buying discs, downloaded ‘songs bad quality Paragraph 3 { think i's wrong MODEL ‘Many people download songs from the Internet because it is free. Personally, I'm against this, as in my opinion it is stealing, First of all, musicians work hard to make dises and they deserve to be paid for their work. Moreover, a I see it, if xyou admire an artist, the best way to show your approval is to buy their disc. In addition, the quality of many songs that are downloaded is unfortunately very poor. ‘Therefore, while itis obviously very tempting to ‘steal’ an autist’s songs, I think it's wrong. I strongly believe everyone! should pay for them. If we don’t, artists will stop creating!Writing Guide COR e NMG Late Tear ets) Cuando debatimos sobre un tema intentamos ser. tema del texto, su estructura y el modelo que te TASK; Disouss the advantages and disadvantages of Paragraph 1 ‘opening questions ~ advantages and. disadvantages Paragraph 2 arguments for: ‘Companion for Young and old, guards the house Paragraph 3 ‘arguments against: requires care, must be looked after when ‘owners away from home Paragraph 4 answer question asked in opening objetivos y dar los argumentos a favor y en contra. Lee el Proponemos. keeping a dog. MODEL gar crc aaie ean KEEPING A DOG AS A PET Have you got a pet dog? Is keeping a dog a good idea? ‘What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a dog? (On the one hand, a dog is a faithful friend, and can be a ‘companion for old people and young children. Moreover, ‘dog can protect your home when there is nobody there. ‘On the other hand, having a dog means you have to look after it properly. You must feed it and walk it regulaely. Furthermore, someone needs to look after it when you go holiday. : Obviously, there are many sides to keeping a dog as a pet. In my opinion, a dog can be a friend and an important part of the family | | | |A Summary (Resumen) Cuando resumimos un texto debemos inciuir sélo la informacién més importante. Lee el tema y el articulo original; luego, las notas del resumen, la estructura y el, modelo que te proponemos. TASK: Write a summary using 60-80 words. WRITER'S NOTES: Paragraph 1 Famous Naked Chef star, Jamie Oliver, announces opening of new non-profit restaurant. Paragraph 2 Restaurant becomes subject of popular reality programme, Participants see a negative side to Oliver. Paragraph 3 Oliver plans same project in other cites. (eee | importantes en un pérrafo | bien organizado. | Utiliza un estilo Sencillo, i ORIGINAL ARTICLE, FIFTEEN Jamie Oliver ~ star of the famous Naked Chef series ~ seemed to have reached the peak of his career by the age of 27. His TV show was broadcast in over 50 countries, his cookbooks had been translated into 11 languages and he had signed a contract ‘with a national supermarket chain which eamed him approximately £1 million a year. ‘Then Oliver announced that he was going to open a non-profit restaurant in which he ‘would train young unemployed people to become top-notch chefs. ‘More than 1,500 young people applied, but only 15 were accepted to work in the aptly-named Fifieen restaurant. It became the subject of a popular reality TV series ‘in which viewers followed the ups and downs of all the participants. They discovered a different side to the usually charming and laid-back Oli ‘impatient and bad-tempered, and often shouted and swore at the young students. Sometimes they deserved it, turing up late for work, or not at all (five of them Paragraph 1 first date town centre ‘excitement Paragraph 2 arived late approached the wrong ‘person tripped fot stupid Paragraph 3 was never called MODEL, WHAT A DATE! ll never forget a date with a guy called David. It all began when a mutual friend of ours, Anne, gave him my telephone number. We planned to meet one evening in the town centre, and T imagined a pleasant date in my favourite café in the centre of town. I was really excited and wore ‘my trendiest clothes. However, everything went wrong from the first moment. First ofall, Tarrived very late because I missed the bus. ‘Then T introduced myself to the wrong person! When I eventually saw David (he was wearing a black jacket as he said he would), I tripped as I approached him and fell at his feet. After that, we went to café. I couldn’ think of anything to say, and I felt really stupid. Finally, he made an excuse and left very quickly. ‘The following day I asked Anne if David had said anything to her. She said that he thought I was very nice. However, he never got in touch with me again. ea ae a on om ol cams a ct a a a‘Writing Guide 5 A Formal Letter (Carta formal) Normaimente, escribimos una carta formal cuando queremos presentar una queja, solicitar un puesto de trabajo 0 pedir informacién. Lee el tema de Ia carta, su estructura y el modelo que te proponemos. b TASK: Write a letter to the Summer Camp Agency which has just advertised for camp counsellors in your local é newspaper. 6 MODEL ' PLAN: b 36 Morpeth Way c | Detalles. peal Durham DUS 6YF t Escrbe ress of person e io writing the etter 28th April 2006 b direccién, ta " fecha, e! nombre DOR casein v Mr Peter Hunter : yee ct person or business || Summer Camp Agency b destinatario, y belicgeol te 62 Fairfield Road crvelog London NWIO 3TC Dear Mr Hunter, Paragraph 1 am writing in response to the advertisement: you ‘apply for position of placed in The Daily News, in which you adverticed the counsellor position of counsellor at a summer camp in the USA. | am finishing echo! this year and am currently looking ~ pagan? for a summer job. | feel that thie would be an ideal posttion for me as | get along very well with children and lama group leader in the Scoute. | have been playing ‘tennis for the last eight: years and believe that: | could coach younger players. | am also a qualified ifequard. state qualifications Working at: your camp would be a great experience for me Paragraph 3 express wish to be and | am eure | could contribute a lot to the camp. contacted and given | enclose my CV and | look forward to hearing from you Job opportunity signature with full name written under it‘Writing Guide An Informal Letter (( re Tae Escribir una carta informal es como hablar con alguien a quien conoces bien. Lee el tema de la carta, su estructura y el modelo que te proponemos. TASK: Write a letter to a friend in which you tell him / her about a holiday you have just had. PLAN: Fecha > Date Saludo Greeting r Paragraph 1 Epa lmetvo Pe tr tet (Ay Paragraph 2 Chae othlee: description of summer | Fearn cekcies holiday and meeting | detalles. lertarictaes Paragraph 3 repeat thank you suggest plans to meet signature with just your first name (ee tS ore eee rere Nee MODEL 28th August, 2006 Dear Debbie, How are things? Thank you 60 much for the lovely sweater you sent for my birthday. | love the colour and it fite perfectly. Ive got 60 much to tell you. | have just come back from a Wonderful holiday. | went to Wales with a few friends, We travelled all over and etayed at youth hostels. It Is euch a beautiful country! One evening at one of the youth hostels, we met a group of people from Norway. We had a ‘great time with them and | got along really well with a guy called Lars. In fact, we got on 60 well that: he is coming, ‘over to visit: me next month l'm eo excited! hope you had a great summer holiday a well, Write and tell me all your news! Perhaps we can arrange to meet ‘soon. Anyway, thanks again for the great gift. Can't walt to hear from you. Love, Cathy + Cuando escribimos uno, ponemos el tema del que vamos a tratar en el cajetin Subject. ‘+ Ladireccién del destinatario va en To. * Siescribimos a alguien con frecuencia, podemos empezar simplemente con Hi. * Elestilo de los correos electrénicos de negocios es més formal que el de los personales.‘Writing Guide oC Siesta 3 Al describir @ alguien queremos que el lector sienta texto, su estructura y el modelo que te proponemos. TASK: Write a description of a person you admire. también que conoce a esa persona. Lee el tema del MODEL MY OLDER SISTER | A person that I admire very much is my sister, Tanya. She is ten years older than me and she is the manager of a big hotel in Manchester. PLAN: Introduecién Al Presenta ala Paragraph 1 Persona y da My sister Tanya — works in informacion general. a hotel | sobre ella. | Desarrale' Paragraph 2 Desoribe'su aspecto hp: Physical appearance: tal, fisio y slim, black hair, trendy ‘su personalidad. cessor Da ejemplos. Paragraph 3 Personality: easy-going, Popular, open | Conelusién Expresa lo que Paragraph 4 sientes hacia ta feels proud and lucky persona que has ‘escogido. ‘Tanya is twenty-seven years old and she is my only sister. | think she is stunning. She has long straight black hair and beautiful blue eyes. She is tall and slim and she always First sentence a kidnapped woman's lite depends on a phone call to a total stranger Middle sentences Jessica Martin — kidnapped but manages to use cellular phone yan ~ stranger who is contacted by chance by Martin Good performances, ‘entertaining but also full of suspense, great chase ‘Scenes, not very realistic, end could have been better Last sentence good entertainment, worth seeing USEFUL LANGUAGE MODEL Cellular is about how a kidnapped woman's life depends on a chance phone call toa total stranger. If you like suspense, you'll love this film. Jessica Martin, played by Kim Basinger, is kidnapped. Although her kidnappers try to ‘destroy her cellular phone, she manages to ‘make a chance call to Ryan (Chris Evans). From then on, Ryan has to keep in contact with Jessica by phone in order to save her. ‘The acting is excellent and the film is very entertaining. The chase scenes are really exciting. However, the plot is not at all realistic and the ending could have been better. Jn conclusion, i's quite an entertaining film that is definitely worth seeing.Writing a Complaint Letter When writing a complaint letter, you want to keep it short and to the point to help ensure that your letter will be read in its entirety. If you write a seven page complaint letter, it's highly unlikely that Someone will sit down and read all seven pages. ‘The complaint letter should be addressed to the customer service/consumer affairs department or the head office if there is no customer service department. The address and contact information of the customer service department should be available on the company’s products or website. Ahard-copy complaint letter should be written in the business letter format, while an email should be sent in the same format but without the heading (your return address, their address, and the date). Complaint Letter Writing In the first/paragraph you should identify what the issue is and any relevant information that you believe is important. Be sure to include the following information if it’s applicable to the situation: the date/time of the issue, location, name of person on duty, name of product, what the problem was, your account number, model number, price, warranty information and reference number. Be sure to stick with the facts and avoid putting emotions into your letter. The next paragraph should state what you would like done to resolve the situation. Ifyou received poor service, you could request an apology or a coupon. Ifa product malfunctioned, you could request that you could exchange the product for a new one or request a refund. The last paragraph should thank the reader for the time. You can also throw in some compliments about something you liked about their company's product or service. You should include your telephone number/e-mail address after your printed name so that they can contact you ASAP if necessary. Be sure to keep a copy of the letter for yourself and include photocopies of any relevant documents and enclose them with your letter.