API 570 exam Questions

When preparing to inspect a piping system inspection personnel should?

Briefly review the history of the individual piping system before any of the inspections required
by API 570. API 570 5.3.5

As regards dead legs in piping circuits, what is recommended to be done by API 570 whenever
possible?
Consideration should be given to removing dead legs that serve no further purpose. API 570
5.3.2

When is it necessary to reevaluate the frequency of inspection for an existing piping system?
The inspection interval must be reviewed and adjusted as necessary after each inspection or
significant change in operating conditions. API 570 6.3

What is the 4th consideration when selecting TML's?

TML's at intermediate locations along the longer straight piping within the injection point circuit
may be required. API 570 5.3.1

When the inspector suspects or is advised that specific circuits may be susceptible to
environmental cracking; the inspector should schedule supplemental inspections. What types of
inspections may this include?
Radiography, Wet Fluorescent Magnetic Particle, and/or Ultrasonic Examinations. API 570 5.3.7

Supplemental inspection for piping systems is sometimes required. Which of the following may
be considered supplements to normal inspection techniques?
Periodic use of Radiography and/or Thermography to check for fouling or internal plugging.

To what inspection requirements must be applied to small bore class 1 secondary piping?
Class 1 secondary SBP shall be inspected to the same requirements as primary process piping.
API 570 6.6.1

When is API 570 inspection code not permitted to be applied to a piping system?
As a substitute for the original construction requirements or if in conflict with regulatory
requirements. API 570 1.1.3

Which of the following service fluids will justify rating a piping system class 2?
Hydrogen, Fuel Gas, and Natural Gas. API 570 6.2.2

Prior to hydrostatic tesing of piping system containing expansion joints it is determined that the
expansion joint will be damaged and cannot be isolated. What can be done per API 570?
Lines containing expansion joints may be tested at a reduced pressure. API 570 5

Corrosion products have built up around a piping system's supports, what additional inspection
work may be called for?
Lifting the pipe off of such supports may be required for inspection. API 570 5.4.3
Inspection for piping weld quality is normally accomplished as a part of the requirements for
new construction, repairs, or alterations. However, welds are often inspected for corrosion as
part of a radiographic profile inspection or as part of internal inspection. When preferential
corrosion in noted what is the appropriate action?
Additional welds in the same circuit or system should be examined for corrosion. API 570 5.10

After an external visual CUI inspection on a class 1 system found to have insulation damage, the
follow up examinations should include NDE testing and insulation removal of;
At least 75% of all damaged areas. API 570 6.4 Table 6-2

The selection of TML's within injection point circuits are established at (4) basic locations, (3) of
which are: 1-TML's on appropriate fittings within the injection circuit. 2-TML's on the pipe wall
at the location of expected pipe wall impingement of injected fluid. 3-Establish TML's at both the
upstream and downstream limits of the injection point circuit.
What is the 4th consideration when selecting TML's?
TML's at intermediate locations along the longer straight piping within the injection point circuit
may be required. API 570 5.3.1

The following can be said about inspection of refractory linings used in piping systems; system.
API 570 5.3.8
it is usually not necessary to remove them for inspection of the piping

What physical sign does not indicate leakage in buried piping?

Corrosion on the 1st flange above the ground. API 570 9.1.1

The inspector shall approve all repair and alteration work at the designated hold points and
after the repairs and alterations have been satisfactorily completed in accordance with the
requirements of;
API 570. API 570 8.1.2

A close- interval potential survey on a cathode protected line may be used to verify that the
buried piping;
has good insulation from the surrounding earth and a protective potential throughout it length.
API 570 9.2.2

What are the requirements of materials to be used in the welded repair of a piping system?
The materials used in making repairs or alterations shall be of known weldable quality, shall
conform to the applicable code, and shall be compatible with the original material. API 570 8.2.4

When performing welding on piping systems constructed to ASME B31.3, What must always be
in place prior to welding?
Qualified welding procedures, welders may be tested on production welds in many cases. B31.3
328.2.1
In some instances preheating to 300°F may be substituted for PWHT after welding P No. 1
materials, for which P No. 3 materials this is not allowed?
Materials classified as Mn-Mo. API 570 8.2.2.1

A welder makes a performance test using a pipe coupon that has an O.D. of 2.375". What range
of outside diameters is he qualified to weld in production?
1" to unlimited diameter. IX QW-452.3

A welders performance test was made in the 3G position. Which of the following describes his
test?
Vertical groove weld in plate. IX QW-461.3

Per B31.3 may consumable inserts be used for backing piping weld grooves?
Yes, provided the insert is of the same nominal composition as the filler metal. B31.3 328.3.3

When selecting the thickness measurement location (TML's) for piping, what should the
inspector take into account?
Patterns of corrosion experienced in other process units in the same or similar service. API 570
5.5.3

What must the owner/user determine when substituting alloy materials for carbon steel in a
piping system?material. API 578 1.2
The effects the process stream might have on the alloy

An external inspection of a piping system revealed sever piping movement had taken place. Your
1st action to correct the situation should be;
Consult with a piping engineer about the need for a piping stress analysis. API 570 7.5

When should material verification test be performed?

Verification should be performed at the point in time that assures proper alloy materials have
been used. API 578 4.2.3

Prior to a scheduled piping inspection previous inspection records should be reviewed. The
reason for the review is so;
A schedule can be made to determine the inspection force requirements, to locate areas reaching
retirement thickness, and predict repairs or replacements. API 574 12.5

Defects in protective coatings and the waterproof coating of insulation will permit moisture to
come into contact with the piping. To inspect for CUI, sections of the insulation should be
removed from;
Small connections, such as bleed lines and gauge connections. API 574 10.1.1.5

Threaded joints are usually limited to piping in non-critical service that had a nominal size of;
2" or smaller. API 574 4.5.2

As regards markings on fittings used in piping systems, what must always be present?
Manufactures name or trademark. B16.5 4.2.1

For flanged fitting the manufacture shall hold the hydrostatic shell test for ___ minutes on a NPS
8" flange.
2 minutes B16.5 8.2.4

Deviations from specifications or standards for material tolerances, or workmanship are usually
evaluated on the basis of; strength, corrosion resistance, and serviceability. API 574 10.4.3
their effects on such factors as safety,

The following is a true statement about the use of test reports for the purpose of PMI.
Mill test reports should not be used as a substitution for PMI. API 578 4.2.4

When establishing the minimum thickness of a valve body, the proper calculation would be;
1.5 times (1.35 times for Class 4500) the thickness of a simple cylinder designed for a stress of
7000 pounds per square inch. API 574 11.2

When determining the frequency of inspection for piping in general which of the following must
be considered?
The degree of risk, and the remaining corrosion allowance. API 574 7.1

If piping is to be butt welded and is to be in severe cyclic service the following type of welding
procedure must be used;
A welding procedure which provides a smooth, regular, fully penetrated inner surface. B31.3
328.5.6

When preheating to make a B31.3 weld, prior to welding what in the minimum distance from the
weld that preheat shall be applied?
The preheat zone shall extend at least 25mm (1") beyond each edge of the weld. B31.3 330.1.4

One of the main differences between nickel alloys and the carbon and stainless steels during
welding is;
Nickels are more difficult to welds because the molten weld metal is sluggish and does not flow
easily and good side wall fusion may not be accomplished. API 577 10.10.2

When welding in conducted on alloy piping components _____ should be tested and the marking
compared to the remainder of the lot to verify correctness.
One electrode or wire from lot or package. API 578 4.2.6

What shall new and replacement piping components comply with?

New connections and replacements shall be designed and fabricated according to the principles
of the applicable code. API 570 8.2.3

What are the requirements for inspection of piping joints during leak test?
All joints, including welds and bonds, are to be left un-insulated and exposed for the examination
during leak testing. B31.3 8.2.3
Which of the following describes a globe valve?
Consist of a valve body that contains a disk which moves axially to the disk centerline against a
seat. API 574 4.3.3

An example of where creep cracking has been experienced in the industry is in;
1 ¼ Chrome steels above 900°F. API 570 5.3.10

What condition always requires reporting to the owner of the piping system?
Any significant increase in corrosion rates. API 570 7.6

A variety of test methods are available to identify materials the primary methods include;
Portable X-Ray fluorescence, Portable optical emission spectroscopy, and Laboratory chemical
analysis. API 574 5.2

If misalignment of piping was noted during operation. The cause should be determined and
corrected. Misalignment is usually caused by the following conditions;
Inadequate provision for expansion, broken hangers, and defective anchors. API 574 10.2.1.6

When a flange is manufactured in accordance with B16.5 the manufacturer is not required to;
Hydrostatically test the flange. B16.5 8.1

Which of the following best describe the a part of the Chemical Spot testing method;
Electrochemically removing a minute amount of the material's surface and depositing in on a
moistened filter paper. API 578 5.2.4.1

Describe a Class 1 piping system;

Services with the highest potential of resulting in an immediate emergency if a leak were to
occur. API 570 6.2.1

Give an example of environmental cracking;

- Chloride SCC of austenitic Stainless Steel, Polythionic Acid SCC of sensitized Austenitic
Stainless Steel, and Carbonate SCC. API 570 5.3.7

What type of flange is not commonly used in piping?

Threaded Socket Flange. API 570 4.5.4

The recommended practice API 574 covers the inspection of?

- Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings. API 574 1.0

The timing circuits in different ultrasonic contact pulse echo instruments use various conversion
schemes. A common method is the so-called ______ conversion.
- Time/Analog SE-797 4.6

Direct visual inspection may usually be made when access is sufficient to place an eye within;
- 6" to 24" of the surface to be examined. Sec. V Art. 9 T-952
The signature mark of _______ is a "clam shell" type fingerprint that has concentric rings called
"Beach Marks" emanating from the crack initiation site.
- Fatigue Failure API 571 4.2.16.5 (a)

The following is true about the content of a welding procedure qualification record?
- The record may include the nonessential variables. IX QW-200.2 (b)

P numbers 1 and 3 are welded together for a procedure qualification; this combination will
allow the writing of a WPS or WPS's to be used to weld the following parent metals in
production;
- P No. 1 to P No. 3 IX QW-424

Before any method of inspection is adopted for piping what should be checked? -
Regulatory Requirements. API 574 5.4

Who must be consulted when alterations to a piping system are being considered? -
A Piping Engineer. 570 8.1.1

What type of onstream welded repairs is not permitted by API 570? -

Square fillet welded patches without rounded corners. API 570 8.1.3.1 App C-2

Under what condition can unlisted materials be used to construct a piping system? -
When they conform to published specifications and otherwise meet the requirements of B31.3.
B31.3 323.1.2

When impact testing is required for a piping system constructed to B31.3 how many specimens
are normally required in a set?
(3) B31.3 323.3.3

What rights does the owners inspector have during the fabrication of a piping system?
They shall have access to any place where work concerned with the piping installation is being
performed, They shall have the right to audit any examinations, and the right to review all
certifications and records necessary to satisfy the owners responsibility. B31.3 340.3

In accordance with ASME B31.3 when spot radiography is to be used what is the least
recommended number of spot radiographs for circumferential butt welds?
One in 20 made by each welder or welding operator. B31.3 341.5.1

ASME B31.3 requires that nondestructive examination be trained and experienced. What
practice is acceptable to B31.3 for this purpose?
SNT-TC-1A B31.3 footnote 1

Threaded joints are suitable for Normal Fluid Service per B31.3, Describe Normal Fluid
Service;
A Fluid Service not subject to Category D, M, or High pressure services or subject to severe
cyclic conditions. B31.3 300.2 definitions

Low yield strength bolting is permitted for use with metallic flange combinations when;
Calculations have been done to show adequate strength to maintain joint tightness. B31.3 309.2.1

The classification and use of the Initial Service Leak Test it applies to;
Category D Fluid B31.3 345.7.

In general how is the extent of inspection for new piping construction determined?
The extent of inspection during fabrication and installation depends largely on the severity of the
service and the quality of the workmanship. API 574 10.4.1

The frequency and thoroughness of piping inspection will range from often and complete where
deterioration is extreme, to seldom and cursory in non-corrosive services, what could affect the
frequency of the inspection cycle?
The amount of corrosion allowance remaining, Historical data, and Regulatory requirements.
API 574 7.2.2

The major concerns when designing pressure relief discharge piping is?
They shall be designed to facilitate drainage, If discharging to atmosphere; discharge shall not
directly impinge on other piping or equipment and shall be directed away from platforms and
other areas used by personnel, Reactions on the piping system due to actuation of the safety
relief devices shall be considered. B31.3 322.6.2

Describe the scope of API 570:

API 570 covers the inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for metallic and
fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping systems and their associated pressure relieving devices
that have been placed into service. API 570 1.1.1

Steel and alloy piping are manufactured to standard dimensions in nominal pipe sizes up to;
48" API 574 4.1.1.1

A flanged joint is composed of (3) separate and independent, although inter-related components:
the flanges, the gasket, and the bolting, which are affected by yet another influence. What is this
influence?
The assembler B16.5 2.2

What is a physical property of metal?

Density, Hardness, Ductility, or Toughness Density API 577 10.3

The following Charpy impact results were obtained on a piping material with a required
minimum average of 13 ft-lbf, and a minimum value for a single specimen is 10 ft-lbf. The results
were 16, 17, and 12 ft-lbf are they acceptable?
Yes When the average value of the (3) specimens equals or exceeds the minimum value
permitted for a single specimen and the value for more than one specimen is below the required
average value, or when the value for one specimen is below the minimum value permitted for a
single specimen, a retest of (3) additional specimens shall be made B31.3 323.3.5 (d)(1)

What is safe guarding a piping system?

A provision of protective measures of the type outlined in appendix G, where deemed necessary.
B31.3 300.2 Definitions

Per B31.3 Threaded joints can be used where?

Where severe corrosion is not expected. B31.3 314.1

What is the definition of cold spring when used with piping?

The intentional deformation of piping during assembly to produce a desired initial displacement
and stress. B31.3 319.2.4

For calculating the MAWP of a system in service made of an unknown material the following
approach must be taken.
Computations may be made assuming the lowest grade material and the joint efficiency in the
applicable code. When the MAWP is re-calculated, the wall thickness used in these
computations shall be the actual thickness as determined by inspection minus (2X) the estimated
corrosion loss before the date of the next inspection. API 570 7.2

Dry and wet particles used in the magnetic particle examination method shall be in accordance
with;
SE-709 Sec. V T-731

Results of PMI testing of dissimilar metal welds should take into account the effects of?
The dilution of weld metal. API 578 6.2

A liquid penetrant comparator block used to prove a high temperature technique is best
described as;
An aluminum block 3/8" X 2" X 3" Sec. V Art. 6 T-653.2

You are inspecting a failure in a piping wall, what conditions would you look for if it was
believed that the fracture was brittle?
The material exhibits little or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation. API 571 4.2.7.1

A welding operator is to be qualified by radiography using his 1st production weld, what is the
minimum length of the radiograph to be performed on his weld?
6" Sec. IX QW-305.1

A welder makes performance test on pipe in the 1G position, How many bend test are required to
qualify his performance?
(2) 1-Face bend and 1-Root bend Sec. IX QW-302.3 Figure QW-461.4/QW-463.2 (d)(e)

The 6G position listed in Section IX of the ASME code can be described as;
Pipe in a 45° fixed position Sec. IX QW-461.4
An alternative or supplement to inspection of underground piping is leak testing with liquid at a
pressure at least;
At 10% greater than maximum operating pressure. API 570 9.3.7

Underground piping inspected periodically by excavation shall be inspected in lengths of;

6' to 8' at one or more locations judged to be the most susceptible to corrosion. API 570 9.3.6

Who shall establish thickness reading inspection frequencies on in-service piping systems?
The owner/user or the inspector shall establish inspection intervals for thickness measurements.
API 570 6.3.3

Acceptance of a welded repair shall include;

NDE of all Welds API 570 8.2.6

Rerating piping systems is defined as;

Changing the temperature rating or the MAWP. API 570 8.3

For coating repairs to underground piping, the inspector should be assured that the coating
meets what criteria?
It is free of voids and gaps in the coating (Holidays), it is sufficiently ductile to resist cracking,
and it has sufficient adhesion to the piping. API 570 9.4.1

What should all piping inspection records contain?

Original date of installation, Specifications for material used, Original thickness measurements,
Locations and Dates of all subsequent thickness measurements, Calculated retirement thickness,
Repairs and replacements, temporary repairs, Operational changed i.e. change in service, fitness
for service, and RBI assessments. API 574 12.1

The recommended downstream limit of an injection point circuit is?

The 2nd change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25' beyond the 1st change in low
direction, whichever is less. API 570 5.5.9

The most common forms of CUI are;

Localized corrosion of carbon steel and Chloride Stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless
steel. API 574 7.4.4.1

ASME B16.5 covers flanges of various materials through nominal pipe size of 24" which of the
following covers larger flanges?
B16.47 API 574 4.5.1

Flanged joints that have been opened should be visually inspected for;
Corrosion and defects such as scratches, cuts, and gouges in the gasket seating faces. API 574
10.3.3

Gate valves should be measured for thickness between the;

The seats API 574 10.3.4.4.1

The sensitive leak test method of B31.3 will be performed in accordance with what code?
Sec. V Art. 10 or by another method demonstrated to have equal sensitivity. B31.3 345.8

Unless otherwise specified by the engineering design, the following records shall be retained
after the record is generated for a piping project: Examination procedures, and examination
personnel qualifications. For how long must they be retained?
5 years B31.3 346.3

In accordance with B31.3 it is permitted to increase the joint Ej (Efficiency) for some types of
piping by the use of additional examination of the piping beyond the specification for the piping.
What piping is this not allowed with?
Furnace butt welded continuous weld Electric resistance weld / B31.3 Table 302.3.4 See note 1

In the liquid penetrant process drying after preparation should;

Be allowed adequate time for evaporation prior to application of the penetrant. Sec V Art. 6 T-
643

The GMAW ______ mode results in a highly directed stream of discrete drops that are
accelerated by arc forces. Spatter is negligible.
Spray Transfer API 577 5.4.3

In low temperature service some flange materials may need impact testing above the B16.5
designated temperatures of ___°C and ___°F.
-29°C and -20°F B16.5 2.5.3

When is protective equipment required for inspection personnel?

Protective equipment shall be worn when required by regulations or by the owner/user. API 570
5.3.1

The extent of a CUI inspection program may vary depending on;

Local Climate API 574 7.4.4

Individuals performing PMI testing should obtain and follow the PMI test procedure approved
by the _____.
Owner/User API 578 7.3

What is the responsibility of the Owner/User as regards to piping inspected to the 570 piping
code?
The Owner/User of a piping installation within the scope of API 570 shall have overall
responsibility for compliance with API 570. Establish requirements for inspection, repair,
alteration, and re-rating. Documenting and maintaining inspection and quality assurance
procedures. API 570 4.3.1.1

For the purpose of planning repairs and other needs how can inspection records be used?
A list can be made of all predictable repairs and replacements. API 574 12.5

Describe an Alloy material per API RP 578; Molybdenum. API 578 3.1
mechanical or physical properties or corrosion resistance, or a combination thereof (e.g.
Chromium, Nickel, or Any material (including welding filler materials) that contain alloying
elements that are intentionally added to enhance

What methods are used to fabricate valve bodies used in piping systems;
Cast, forged, machined from bar stock, or fabricated by welding a combination of two or more
materials. API 574 4.3.1

Hot cracking is ______________.

Cracking formed at temperatures near the completion of solidification during welding. API 577
3.27

What category of fluid service can an initial service leak test be used with?
Category D Fluid Service B31.3 345.1 b

What temperature markings required on a fitting made to B16.5 standard?

No temperature markings are required. B16.5 4.2.5

What characteristics classify bolting as being low strength?

Bolting having no more than 206MPa (30 ksi). B16.5 5.3.4

Who is responsible for determining that welding equipment has been calibrated?
Authorized Inspector API 577 1 / API 577 4.2.5.1

As regards class 3 systems what extent of follow up NDE examination or insulation removal
from piping with damaged insulation is normally required for a CUI inspection?
The examination should include 25% of all suspect areas and areas of damaged insulation. API
570 6.4 Table 3

What types of small bore piping (SBP) is required to be inspected in accordance with API 570?
Class 1 secondary SBP shall be inspected to the same requirements as primary process piping.
Inspection of class 2 and class 3 secondary SBP is optional. SBP deadlegs (such as level bridles)
in class 3 and class 3 systems should be inspected where corrosion has been experienced or
anticipated.

Is it ever permitted by B31.3 to accept a welder's performance qualifications for a previous

employer?
Yes, Provided that the inspector specifically approves. B31.3 328.2.3

What pipe material specifications are not limited to use in category D fluid service?
ASTM A 134 made from other than ASTM A 285 plate. B31.3 305.2.1

What types of fittings are allowed in severe cyclic service?

Forged, Wrought with a factor E_j ≥ 〖0.09〗^8, or Cast with a factor E_c ≥ 〖0.09〗^8B31.3
306.1.4

What types of joints may be welded in accordance with B31.3?

Joints may be made by welding in any material for which it is possible to qualify welding
procedures. B31.3 311

It is not permitted to use split backing rings when welding piping in accordance with B31.3
when?
Split backing rings shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions B31.3 311.2.4 (b)

Describe a random sampling for the purpose of PMI testing?

Selection process by which choices are made in an arbitrary and unbiased manner. API RP 578
3.15 (Definitions)

The temperature rating is actually based on what part(s) of the flange?

The pressure containing shell of the component. B16.5 2.4

When consumable inserts are permitted by B31.3 what are the conditions of their use?
They are the same nominal composition as the filler metal, will not cause detrimental alloying of
the weld metal, and the welding procedure using them is qualified as required by Para. 328.2
B31.3 328.3.3

How does API 574 address the inspection of materials used in piping systems?
All should meet the principles of B31.3 API RP 574 10.11.1

What is the recommended method(s) to evaluate locally thinned areas of piping per API 570?
Perform fitness for service evaluation API 570 7.4

What type of temporary repair by welding is not permitted by API 570?

Cracks that occurred in-service (e.g. cracking caused by vibration, thermal cycling, thermal
expansion problems, and environmental cracking) API 570 8.1.3

Where the base metal will not withstand the 180° guided bend test required by Section IX what
must be done?
Where the base metal will not withstand the 180° guided bend required by Section IX, a
qualifying welded specimen is required to undergo the same degree of bending as the base metal
within 5°. B31.3 328.2.1

The _______is responsible for quality craftsmanship of weldments.

Welder API 577 4.3.1.1 (a)

The _______is responsible for determining if a retroactive PMI program is appropriate for each
existing piping system.
Owner/User API 578 4.3.2
Some examples of piping components that are covered by API RP 578 include;
Pipe, pipe fittings, flanges, special forgings, process valves, pressure containing welds,
instruments, weld overlays or claddings, expansion joints, and gaskets. API 578 4.2.5 (a-k)

How much strength does a seal weld add to a welded threaded joint per B31.3?
None B31.3 311.2.7

In what service is an expanded joint not allowed?

Severe cyclic conditions B31.3 313

What type of cracking might go undetected in a piping system by NDE, before failure?
Brittle Fracture API 571 4.2.7.7 (Study guide shows answer to be fatigue and it's located in API
570 5.3.9 (This section has been removed))

When a manufacturer of a flanged fitting is performing a hydrostatic shell test;

The test fluid shall be water or other suitable test fluids may be used provided there viscosity is
no greater than water. B16.5 8.2.3
The test fluid shall be water or other suitable test fluids may be used provided there viscosity is
no greater than water. B16.5 8.2.3

What is the recommended minimum to be done during inspection of valves in severe service? In
severe services, such as hydrofluoric acid, slurry, fluidized catalyst services, valves may need to
be dismantled and inspected at specified intervals to assure internal parts of sufficient integrity to
provide reliable and safe operation. API 574 10.3.4.2

In accordance with API 570 what should all repairs by welding made on piping adhere to? The
principles of B31.3 or the code to which the piping system was built shall be followed to the
extent practical for in-service repairs. API 570 8.1.1
The principles of B31.3 or the code to which the piping system was built shall be followed to the
extent practical for in-service repairs. API 570 8.1.1

When an expansion joint is to be pressure tested in a new piping system it shall be;
tested without temporary restraints at 150% of the expansion joint design pressure. If the
required pressure test exceeds 150% of the expansion joint design pressure and the main anchors
are not designed to resist the pressure thrust forces at the required test pressure for that portion of
the test the expansion joint will either be temporarily removed or temporary restraints shall be
added to resist the pressure thrust forces. B31.3 345.3.3

What is the test fluid when applying the initial service leak test of B31.3?
The service fluid B31.3 345.7.1

The alternative leak test of B31.3 is permitted when the following conditions are met;
A hydrostatic test would damage linings or internal insulation, or contaminate a process which
would be hazardous, corrosive, or would present the danger of brittle fracture due to low metal
temperature during the test. A pneumatic test would present an undue hazard of possible release
of energy stored in the system, or would present the danger of brittle fracture due to low metal
temperature. B31.3 345.1 (c,1&2)

When selecting thickness measurement locations (TML's) on threaded connections;

include only those that can be radiographed during scheduled inspections. API 570 6.62

At what temperature is carbon steel piping subject to brittle fracture?

Brittle fracture was removed from API 510 and 571 If this is going to be on the test I need to
know???

What is a clear indication of a possible hot spot in a piping system?

Some hot spots can be detected by a red glow, particularly if the inspection is made in the dark.
API 573 10.1.8.2

When sever fouling is found in a piping system, what should be done prior to cleaning the lines?
Fouling should be investigated to determine whether it consist of deposits from the product
stream or is a buildup of corrosion products. Taking samples for chemical analysis may be
necessary. API 574 10.3.1.2

When inspecting quarter turn valves what should they always be inspected for?
Quarter-turn valves can be inspected for ease of operation and the ability to open and close
completely by operators. When they are serviced, all seating surfaces should also be examined.
API 574 10.3.4.6

When may corrosion measurement locations be reduced or eliminated?

CML's can be eliminated for piping systems with any of the following characteristics; extremely
low potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency in the event of a leak;
noncorrosive systems, as demonstrated by history or similar service; and systems not subject to
changes that could cause corrosion as demonstrated by history and/or periodic reviews. API 570
5.6.3

With SMAW depending on the type of electrode being used, the covering performs what
functions?
Provides a gas to shield the arc and prevent excessive atmospheric contamination of the molten
filler metal. Provides scavengers, deoxidizers, and fluxing agents to cleanse the weld and prevent
excessive grain growth in the weld metal. Establishes the electrical characteristics of the
electrode. Provides a slag blanket to protect the hot weld metal from the air and enhances the
mechanical properties, bead shape, and surface cleanliness of the weld metal. Provides a means
of adding alloying elements to change the mechanical properties of the weld metal. API 577
5.2.1

If the two flanges in a flanged joint do not have the same pressure/temperature ratings, the
rating of the joint at the operating temperature is the;
If the two flanges in a flanged joint do not have the same pressure temperature rating, the rating
of the joint at any temperature is the lower of the two flange ratings at that temperature. B16.5
2.3.2
What is the responsibility of the flange and fitting user per B16.5?
Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of the contained fluid is
the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable codes and regulations. For
any temperature below -29°C (-20°F), the rating shall no greater than the rating shown for -29°C
(-20°F). B 16.5 2.4

If impact testing is a requirement of B31.3 for a given material by what procedure shall they be
performed?
Impact testing of each product form of material for any specification (including welds in the
components) shall be done using procedures and apparatus in accordance with ASTM A 370.
B31.3 323.3.2

What are the fluid service and temperature limitations placed upon cast iron per B31.3?
Shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions. Shall not be used above ground within process
units limits in hydrocarbon or other flammable fluid service at temperatures above 149°C
(300°F) nor at gage pressures above 1035 kPa (150psi). In other locations the pressure limit shall
be 2760 kpa (400 psi).

What code is used to evaluate locally thinned areas?

Pressure containing components found to have degradation that could affect their load carrying
capability [pressure loads and other applicable loads (e.g. weight, wind, etc., per API 579-
1/ASME FFS-1)] shall be evaluated continued service. API 570 7.4 Study guide says B31.3?

If insert patches are to be used in a repair to a piping system what requirements must be met?
Full penetration groove welds, for class 1 and class 2 piping systems, the welds shall be 100%
radiographed or ultrasonically tested using NDE procedures that are approved by the inspector,
patches may be any shape but shall have rounded corners [1" (25mm) minimum radius].

What standard will be applied to all repair welding?

The principles of B31.3 or the code to which the piping systems was built shall be followed to
the extent practical for in-service repairs. API 570 8.1.1

CUI damage is aggravated by contaminates that may be leached out of the insulation, such
as______.
Chloride API 571 4.5.1.3

PMI testing within a warehouse should not be considered an alternative to________?

PMI testing of the fabricated piping system when testing is specified. API 578 4.4.2

When supporting piping systems by connecting to adjacent structures, what must always be a
consideration?
The load from piping and pipe supporting elements (including restraints and braces) shall be
suitably transmitted to a pressure vessel, building, platform, support structure, foundation, or to
other piping capable of bearing the load without deleterious effects. B31.3 321.4
When considering relief device settings the definition of design pressure contained in B31.3 is;
The required relieving capacity of any pressure relieving device shall include consideration of all
piping systems which it protects. B31.3 322.6.3

Per Section IX the F No. is defined to be;

F No. grouping of electrodes and welding rods are essentially based on their usability
characteristics. Sec. IX QW-431

What type of metals are assigned group no.'s with P no.'s?

Ferrous base metals Sec. IX QW-420

Per section IX radiographic acceptance criteria, cracks and slag are represented on the
radiograph as;
Linear Indications Sec. IX QW-191.1.2.2 (a)

Describe portable X-Ray Fluorescence PMI testing;

One or more gama ray or x-ray sources generate a beam of low energy radiation to excite the
materials under analysis. API 578 5.2.2

When performing fluorescent particle examination, the examiner must be in a darkened area for;
5 minutes Sec. V T-777.2 (b)

Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place the eye within;
Within 24" at an angle no less than 30°. Sec. V T-952

When it is necessary to verify the adequacy or direction of a magnetizing field using magnetic
particle NDE the technique used shall be;
The placement of a magnetic field indicator on the surface to be examined. Sec. V T-753.1
(could not locate this exactly)

After magnetization and magnetic particle examination of a part it shall be demagnetized;

The part shall be demagnetized any time after completion of the examination. Sec V T-778

Commonly accepted advantages of the GTAW process is:

Produces high purity welds, generally free of from defects. Little post-weld cleaning is required.
Allows for excellent control of root pass weld penetration. Can be used with or without filler
metal, dependant on the application. API 577 5.3.1

Brittle fracture in piping is a concern for;

For thick walled pipe at temperatures below the Charpy impact transition temperature (Ductile to
Brittle transition temperature). Thicker material also have lower resistance due to higher
constraint which increases triaxial stresses at the crack tip. API 571 4.2.7.3

What are common causes for a clamped joint to leak?

Dirt, Corrosion of mating faces, mechanical damage, failure of the clamp to provide sufficient
force on the mating faces for proper contact, damaged or dirty gasket seating surfaces, or failure
of the clamp to provide sufficient pressure on the gasket. API 574 10.3.5.4

How shall thickness measurement locations be identified for future reference?

CML's should be marked on inspection drawings and on the piping system to allow repetitive
measurements at the same CML's. API 510 5.6.2

The PMI techniques eddy current testing is useful for__________?

Limited sorting and not for specific alloy identification. API 578 5.2.5.3

What are the advantages of radiography over other inspection methods?

Pipe insulation can remain intact. Metal temperatures of the line have little bearing on the quality
of the radiograph, provided the film cassette can be protected from the heat of the piping.
Radiographs of small piping connections, such as nipples and couplings, can be examined for
thread contact, corrosion, and weld quality. Film provides a permanent visual record of the
condition of the piping at the time of the radiograph. The position of internal parts of valves can
be observed. Equipment is easily maneuverable in the refinery or chemical plant. Isotope
radiography is not an ignition source in the presence of hydrocarbons. Pitting and other uniform
corrosion can be identified. Provides a view of a large area. API 574 10.2.2.1

What should be done prior to hydrostatic testing if pressure relief valves are to remain in place?
The relief valves should be removed or blanked for the duration of the test. API 570 5.8.4

When performing a pneumatic pressure test per B31.3 the pressure should be gradually raised to;
The pressure will be gradually increased until a gage pressure which is the lesser of ½ the test
pressure or 170 kPa (25psi) is attained, at which time a preliminary check shall be made,
including examination of joints in accordance with para. 341.4.1 (a). Thereafter, the pressure
chall be gradually increased in steps until the test pressure is reached, holding the pressure at
each step long enough to equalize pipe strains. The pressure shall then be reduced to the design
pressure before examining for leakage in accordance with para. 345.2.2 (a)

Regulatory requirements normally address what concerns with piping?

Regulatory requirements usually cover only those conditions that effect safety and environmental
concerns. API 574 6.4

How should the frequency of piping inspection be determined?

Corrosion rate, remaining life calculations, piping service classifications, applicable
jurisdictional requirements, and the judgment of the inspector, piping engineer, or corrosion
specialist.

What are the benefits to performing on stream inspections?

On-stream inspection can increase unit run lengths by giving assurance that piping is fit for
continued service. When piping must be replaced, on-stream inspection allows an inspector to
define the extent of replacement necessary and have replacement piping fabricated before the
shutdown. Units are often crowded during a shutdown, and on-stream piping inspection can
increase the safety and efficiency of shutdown operations by reducing the number of people who
need to be in the unit during that time. On-stream inspection can reduce surges in workload and
thus stabilize personnel requirements. API 574 8.2.2

One advantage of steam pressure testing piping after a welded repair is;
Heating or purging equipment, popping flux from welds. API 574 10.5.2.6

One of the concerns of leak testing is the exceeding of the yield strength of the piping material.
What steps can be taken per B31.3 to avoid this?
A pressure relief device shall be provided, having a set pressure not higher than the test pressure
plus the lesser of 345 kPa (50psi) or 10% of the test pressure. B31.3 345.5.2

When applying a pneumatic test to piping if air is not used, the testing medium must be;
Nonflammable and nontoxic B31.3 345.5.3

FCAW equipment is ______, ______, and ______portable than that for SMAW.
more complex, more costly, and Less. API 577 5.5.2

Personnel performing PMI testing must be _______________;

Approved by the owner/user. API 578 5.5

Atmospheric corrosion affects __________________.

Carbon steel, low alloy steels, and copper alloyed aluminum. API 571 4.3.2.2

What are the requirements for clamped repairs to buried piping?

If piping leak clamps are reburied, the location of the clamp shall be logged in the inspection
record and may be surface marked. Both the marker and the record shall note the date of
installation and the location of the clamp. API 570 9.4.2

If during PMI testing a rejected component is discovered the following action should be taken;
If any one of a representative sample is rejected, all items o9f that inspection lot should be
considered suspect. A more extensive inspection of the remaining lot should be considered. API
578 6.3

As regards leak testing of jacketed piping the internal line shall be leak tested based on;
The internal line shall be leak tested on the basis of the internal or external design pressure,
whichever is critical. B31.3 345.2.5

Piping must be supported and guided so that (a) its weight is carried safely; (b) it has sufficient
flexibility for thermal expansion or contraction, and (c);
Does not vibrate excessively. API 570 7.5

ASME B31.3 requires that the following be taken into account when pipe thickness is
determined.
Corrosion allowance, Threads and other mechanical allowances, Stress caused by mechanical
loading, hydraulic surge pressure, thermal expansion, and reinforcement of openings. API 574
11.1.1.1

The thickness of valves and flanged fittings is substantially greater than that of a simple cylinder
because;
Stresses from internal pressure and from mechanical loadings, temperature changes, closing
stresses, stress concentrations due to their shape.

A pressure relief device is required when performing pneumatic leak test on piping, the PRD
should be set to;
50 psi or 10% above the test pressure whichever is less. B31.3 345.5.2

Cast structures, depending on their chemical composition can exhibit a wide range of
mechanical properties for several reasons. In general, it is desirable to keep the size of grains
small, which improves_________;
The strength and toughness. API 577 10.2.1

It is permissible to identify PMI tested components by using___________;

Color coding by alloy, A low stress stamp marking indicating that the test has been performed, or
documentation showing both the PMI test results and the PMI test locations. API 578 7.1

B31.3 defines the maximum relieving pressure for piping systems as;
The maximum system pressure during a pressure relieving event. B31.3 322.6.3 (13)

Why may leaks occur at flanged joints?

During startup or shutdowns and sometimes after reaching operating conditions. API 574 5.3
(Could not locate this answer)

Those individuals performing PMI testing should obtain and follow_____________;

The PMI test procedure approved by the owner/user. API 578 7.3

The inspection of secondary, auxiliary SBP associated with instruments is optional. What should
be considered when determining if inspections will be performed?
Classification, potential for environmental fatigue or cracking, potential for corrison based on
experience with adjacent primary systems, and potential for CUI. API 570 6.6.2

If a piping system has a change in its service what should be done?

The probable new corrosion rate should be determined. API 570 7.1.2

To determine the short term corrosion rate of a piping system the;

The last (2) thicknesses shall be used. API 570 7.1.1

What is the simplest formula to determine the required thickness of in service piping?
The Barlow Formula API 574 11.1.2
The hammer test to piping not under pressure is a useful inspection technique;
however it should never be used on; Per API 574 this is an outdated should not be performed
unless specifically allowed by the site. API 574 10.6

Special consideration must be given to bolting used with gray cast iron flanges. Why?
Due to its lack of ductility B16.5 5.3.5

Above what diameter is piping also constructed by the rolling and welding of plate?
16" API 574 4.1.1

Local PWHT may be substituted for 360° banding when repair process meets certain
requirements. What is the correct minimum preheat for welding when using a local PWHT?
300°F or higher API 570 8.2.3.2

After welding is completed on a piping system, a pressure test shall be performed;

If practical and deemed necessary by the inspector. API 570 8.2.7

What type of bolting is recommended for flanges, especially in high temperature service?
Stud bolts with nuts on each end B16.5 6.10.3

Describe erosion in piping?

The accelerated mechanical removal of surface material as a result of relative movement
between, or impact from solids, liquids, vapor, or any combination thereof. API 571 4.2.14.1

Where can erosion normally be found in piping systems?

Bends, elbows, tees, and reducers; downstream of letdown valves, block valves, pumps, blowers,
propellers, impellers, agitators, agitated vessels, heat exchanger tubing, measuring device
orifices, turbine blades, nozzles, ducts, vapor lines, scrapers, cutters, and wear plates. API 571
4.2.14.4

Thicker material sections also have a lower resistance to brittle fracture due to higher constraint
which increases ________stresses at the crack tip.
Triaxial API 574 4.2.7.3 (d)

What type of liquid penetrant should be used on austenitic materials?

Low Chloride, Fluorine, and other halogens. Sec. V Art. 6 II-642 (This information is not in API
574)

Above what temperature are special precautions needed when taking ultrasonic measurements?
150°F API 570 5.7.1

Typical ultrasonic digital thickness readings are suspected of inaccuracy at thicknesses less
than;
1/8" for typical digital thickness gauges. API 570 5.7.1

When flanges are to be used in severe cyclic conditions they must be safeguarded unless;
They are weld neck flanges conforming to ASME B16.5 or B16.47. B31.3 308.2.4

If excessive temperatures are encountered in piping;

Mechanical properties and micro-structural changes may take place. API 574 7.4.11.1 (this
information was not in API 570)

What areas are required to be inspected when vibration is observed in piping during visual
inspections?
Locations where vibrating pipe systems are restrained to resist dynamic pipe stresses (shoes,
anchors, guides, struts, dampeners, hangers). Special attention should be paid to branch
connections especially unbraced small bore piping. API 570 5.5.7

As regards the calculating thickness required for a valve made of unknown material:
It shall be calculated to be 1.5 times a simple cylinder of the same diameter as the valve opening
using a stress value of 7000 psi. API 574 11.2

Which appendix of ASME B31.3 list the total thermal expansion for metals?
Appendix C B31.3

An alteration is?
A physical change in any component that has design implications affecting the pressure
containing capability or flexibility of a piping system beyond the scope of its original design.
API 570 3.1.2

As used in the API 570 code what does the term examiner mean, Who is this person? A
person who assist the inspector by performing specific NDE on piping system components but
does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 570, Unless
specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner/user. API 570 3.1.22

What was the API 570 code developed for?

API 570 was developed for the petroleum refining and chemical process industries but may be
used, Where practical, for any piping system. API 570 1.1.2

What document is referenced in the API 570 for the application of the "fitness for service"
concept?
API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 API 570 7.4

What important aspects of piping system do sketches address?

Identify particular piping systems and circuits in terms of location, size, material specification,
general process flow, and service conditions. Show points to be opened for visual inspection and
parts that require replacement or repair. Serve as field datasheets on which can be recorded the
locations of thickness measurements, corrosion findings, and sections requiring replacement.
Assist at future inspections in determining locations that require examination. API 574 12.2

What is an example of non-service specific corrosion?

CUI API 571 4.3.3.1
Describe a butterfly valve;
A butterfly valve consist of a disc mounted on a stem in the flow path within the valve body. The
body is usually flanged and of the lug or wafer type. A one quarter turn of the stem changes the
valve from fully closed to completely open. API 574 4.3.7

The advantages of special joints described as proprietary are;

Higher pressure and temperature ratings, smaller dimensions, easier installation-Axial and
angular alignment requirements are less stringent, greater force and moment toleration. API 574
5.7

In accordance with B16.5 standard straight hub welded flanges are provided with a hub end that
is;
The standard flange shall be provided with square cut end. The end user may specify welding
end preparation in accordance with para. 6.7. B16.5 2.8.4

When designating an injection point circuit for the purpose of inspection;

The recommended upstream limit of the injection point circuit is a minimum of 12" or (3) pipe
diameters upstream of the injection point whichever is greater. The recommended downstream
limit of the injection point circuit is the 2nd change in flow direction past the injection point or
25' beyond the first change in flow direction, whichever is less. API 570 5.5.9

Describe an inspection lot per API RP 578;

A group of items or materials of the same type from a common source from which a sample is to
be drawn for examination. API 578 3.4

Creep cracking is dependant of what variables in piping systems?

Time, Temperature, and Stress. API 570 7.4.11

Who has the ultimate responsibility for the compliance of piping systems to API 570?
Owner/User API 570 4.3.1.1

Who has the responsibility for determining that the requirements of API 570 are being met?
Authorized piping inspector API 570 4.3.4

Describe the difference between tubing and piping;

With the exception of heater, boiler, and exchanger tubes, tubing is similar to piping, but is
manufactured in many O.D.'s and wall thicknesses. Tubing is generally seamless, but can be
welded. Its stated size is the actual O.D. rather than NPS. [ASTM B88 tubing, which is often
used for steam tracing, is an exception in that it size designation 1/8". Less than the actual O.D.]
Tubing is usally made in small diameters and is used for heat exchangers, instrument piping,
lubricating oil services, steam tracing, and similar services. API 574 4.2

Name a cautionary technique required during assembly of a socket welded pipe fitting;
Space should be provided between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket to allow for
pipe expansion and weld shrinkage. API 574 5.3.3
When PMI is being performed by the supplier or a third party the procedures should be reviewed
by?
The owner/user or designee. API 578 4.2.2

If piping is found to be swaying what should be examined?

Welds should be inspected for cracks, particularly at points of restraint, such as areas where
piping is attached to equipment and near anchors. Problems frequently occur at small welded and
screwed connections which have a heavy valve that accentuates vibration and at small lines that
are tied down to a larger line and forced to move with it. API 574 10.1.5

What types of service demand the greatest number of TML's?

Class 1 Services with the highest potential of resulting in an immediate emergency if a leak were
to occur. Such an emergency may be safety or environmental in nature. API 570 6.3.4.2

Are there mandatory temperature makings required on flanged fittings?

No B16.5 4.2.5

What is the purpose of the Close Interval Potential Survey?

Locate active corrosion points on the pipes surface. API 570 9.2.2

What indications of leakage should be inspected for above ground, when examining buried
piping?
Indications of leaks in buried piping may include a change in the surface contour of the ground,
discoloration of the soil, softening of paving asphalt, pool formation, bubbling water puddles, or
noticeable odor. API 570 9.2.1

Longitudinal welds in pipe should receive________PMI inspections.

Random PMI verification of the base metal and weld metal. API 578 4.2.6.1

B31.3 allows the limited use of performance qualifications for welders from one employer by
another, what are those limits?
Acceptance is limited to qualification on piping using the same or equivalent procedure wherein
the essential variables are within the limits of section IX. The employer shall obtain a copy from
the previous employer of the performance qualification test record, showing the name of the
employer, name of the welder or welding operator, procedure identification, date of successful
qualification, and the date the individual last used the procedure on pressure piping. B31.3
328.2.3

Stub in fittings are restricted from what services per B31.3?

Severe Cyclic Service B31.3 306.1.4

Under what service conditions is it not advisable to leave a backing ring for piping welds in
place?
Severe Cyclic Service B31.3 311.2.4
The process for evaluating a piping system flaws for continued service is defined as________.
Fitness For Service (FFS) API 570 7.4

What are the temperature limitations set on austenitic ductile iron components used in piping
systems as a pressure boundary?
Austenitic ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 571 may be used down to the temperatures below
-29°C (-20°F) down to the temperature of the impact test conducted in accordance with that
specification but not below -196°C (-320°F). B31.3 323.4.2

What are the requirements for the use of ferrous metal backing rings in B31.3;
These shall be of weldable quality. Sulfur content shall not exceed 0.05%.

How far away from the weld will the preheat be maintained per B31.3?
The preheat zone shall extend at least 1" beyond each edge of the weld. B31.3 330.1.4

A piping system will operate from 50°F to 750°F, what must be considered during design?
Thermal Expansion and contraction. B31.3 307.1

By what approach are the required thicknesses t, of bolted blind flanges determined per B31.3?
To calculate t, the rules of Section VIII, Division 1, UG-34 may be used.

The term "Autogenous welds" as used in API RP 578 means___________?

Welding with no added filler metal. API 578 4.2.6.1

A discontinuity resulting from an arc, consisting of any localized re-melted metal, heat affected
metal, or change in the surface profile of any metal object is a description of_________.
Arc Strike API 577 3.5

Radiographs shall have permanent identification marked on the film traceable to;
The contract, component, weld, or weld seam, or part numbers, as appropriate. In addition, the
manufacture's symbol or name and the date of the radiograph shall be plainly and permanently
included on the radiograph. Sec. V T-224

Per SE-797 recommends how many block thicknesses should an ultrasonic device be calibrated
on before thickness readings?
It is recommended that standardization blocks providing a minimum of two thickness that span
the thickness range be used to check the full-range accuracy. Sec. V 7.1.2

Procedures for liquid penetrant must be revised when?

When changes of essential or nonessential variables from the specified within the written
procedure shall require revision of, or an addendum to, the written procedure. Sec. V Art. 6 T-
621.2

Any magnetic particle equipment which has;

An ammeter shall be calibrated once a year. Sec. V Art. 7 T-761.1
P numbers are assigned to metals for the purpose of;
P-Numbers are assigned to base metals for the purpose of reducing the number of welding and
brazing procedure qualifications. Sec. IX QW-420

S numbers are?
In 2009, S-numbers were removed from table QW/QB-422. S-Numbers were assigned to
materials that were acceptable for use by the ASME B31 Code for pressure piping, or by selected
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Cases, but which were not included within ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code Material Specifications (Section II). Base metals previously assigned S-
Numbers were reassigned the corresponding P-Numbers or P-Numbers plus Group Numbers.
Sec. IX QW-420

For welding procedure qualifications base metals welded will qualify the procedure for use with;
Those welded and others listed as being permitted by Sec. IX (See table below QW-424.1). Sec.
IX QW-424.1

The AWS designation for a low hydrogen electrode is;

E-XX18 Sec. IX QW-431

Electrodes are grouped by a designation based on their usability, that designation is called the;
Grouping of electrodes and welding rods in Table QW-432 is based essentially on their usability
characteristics. QW-431

The 3G test position designation used in welding performance qualifications refers to;
Plate groove weld test in the vertical position. It qualifies you for Pipe over 24" O.D. Flat (1G)
Vertical (3G), and Horizontal (2G). Table QW-461.9 and Figures 461.3 (a, b, c, and d),

When performing a tension test on a full section of small diameter pipe specimen the weld
reinforcement;
Weld Reinforcement shall be machined flush with the base metal. QW-462.1 (e)

In some instances alloys are used in piping system for other than corrosion resistance or
structural integrity, for example stainless steel may be used to insure purity of the product the
piping carries and it could determine that_______.
There is no need to prioritize those systems for PMI test. API 578 4.3.3

Explain what must be exposed during piping leak test.

All joints, welds (including structural attachment welds to pressure-containing components), and
bonds shall be left uninsulated and exposed for examination during leak testing, except that
joints previously tested in accordance with this code may be insulated or covered. All joints may
be primed or painted prior to leak testing unless a sensitive leak test is required. B31.3 345.3.1

What are the primary purposes of piping inspections?

To identify active deterioration mechanisms and to specify repair, replacement, or future
inspections for affected piping. API 574 6.1
The person calibrating PMI equipment should verify test equipment performance based on
the__________.
As specified by the manufacturer. API 578 5.3

Process conditions should be monitored to ensure that a proper pressurization sequence is

followed to help prevent_________due to temper embrittlement.
Brittle Fracture API 571 4.2.7.4

As concerns PMI and acceptance of materials the owner/user may_________.

Use any of the (4) criteria described in API 578. Materials can be confirmed to contain the
nominal amounts of alloying elements specified in the relevant materials specifications (e.g.
ASME Section II or ASTM specifications). API 578 6.1

A test point is an area defined by a circle having a diameter not greater than____for a line
diameter not exceeding 10 inches or not greater than____for larger lines.
2"-3" API 570 3.46 This is not in 570 and I could not locate it in API 574.

It has become necessary to fabricate a branch connection for a piping system in the field, this is
acceptable for; .
Normal Fluid Service B31.3 306.5.1. B31.3 306.5.2 states that a fabricated branch connection to
be used under severe cyclic conditions shall conform to the requirements of para. 306.5.1 except
that welding shall be in accordance with para. 311.2.2. with fabrication limited to a detail
equivalent to Fig. 328.5.4D sketch (2) or (4) or to Fig. 328.5.4E

You observe that the bonnet of a valve that has less than (4) bolts, what service must it be in by
the rules of B31.3?
A bolted bonnet valve whose bonnet is secured to the body by less than (4) bolts, or by U-bolt,
may be used only for Category D fluid service. B31.3 307.2.1

Small Bore Piping (SBP) is defined to be piping that is less than or equal to _________.
Piping that is less than or equal to 2" NPS. API 570 3.1.86

B31.3 requires visual inspections be performed to;

Visual inspection shall be performed in accordance with the BPV code, Section V, Article 9.

B31.3 Filler metals shall conform to;

Welding electrodes and filler metal, including consumable inserts, shall conform to the
requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part C.

Services that are flammable but do not significantly vaporize when they leak and are not located
in high activity areas are in;
Class 3 API 570 6.3.4.3

An example of class 1 fluid service is;

Flammable services that can autorefrigerate and lead to brittle fracture, Pressurized services that
can rapidly vaporize during release, creating vapors that can collect and form an explosive
mixture, such as C2,C3, and C4 streams. Fluids that can rapidly vaporize are those with
atmospheric boiling temperatures below 50° F or where the atmospheric boiling point is below
the operating temperature (high temp services)., Hydrogen sulfide (greater than 3% weight) in a
gaseous stream., Anhydrous hydrogen chloride, hydrofluoric acid, piping over adjacent water
and piping over public highways., Flammable services operating above their auto ignition
temperature.

Increasing hardness of the metal substrate is not always a good indicator of improved resistance
to_______, particularly where corrosion plays a significant role.
Erosion API 571 4.2.14.3 (d)

Inserted patches for welded repairs to piping must be?

Full penetration groove welds, For class 1 and class 2 piping systems, the welds shall be 100%
radiographed or ultrasonically tested using NDE procedures that are approved by the inspector,
patches may be any shape but shall have rounded corners [1" radius]. API 570 8.1.4.2

After welding is completed on a piping system, a pressure test in accordance with API 570 8.2.7
shall be performed if;
Practical and deemed necessary by the inspector. API 570 8.2.7

What accelerates corrosion in piping?

Erosion is accelerated as a result of relative movement between, or impact from solids, liquids,
vapor or any combination thereof. API 571 4.2.14.1 (a)

The refining industry generally uses seamless piping for;

Severe service API 574 4.1.1 The industry uses both seamless and electric resistance welded
(ERW) piping for process services depending upon current economics and the potential for
accelerated corrosion of the weld seam in the service. API 574 4.1.1.1

Reduced port valves are one type of;

Gate valves - reduced port gate valves have port openings that are smaller than the end openings.
API 574 4.3.2

A packless valve that contains an element made of flexible material is called;

Diaphragm Valve API 574 4.3.6

_______welded joints are made by inserting the end of the pipe into a recess in a fitting or valve
and then fillet welding the joint.
Socket - welded joints API 574 5.3.3

_______pipe joints can be of the flanged, packed, sleeve, hub-and-spigot-end or hub-and-plain-

end or bell-and-spigot-end or bell-and plain-end type.
Cast iron API 574 5.5

Tubing can be joined by;

Welding, soldering, or brazing or by using flared or compression fittings. API 574 5.6
Historical records of piping should be studied to determine;
Records of previous insoections and of current inspections conducted during the current
operating period should be reviewed soon after the inspections are conducted to schedule the
next inspection date. This review should provide a list of areas that are approaching retirement
thickness, areas that have previously shown high corrosion rates, and areas in which current
inspection has indicated a need for further investigation. API 574 12.5

On-stream inspection will reduce downtime by the following means;

increasing unit run lengths by giving assurance that piping is fit for continued service, defining
the extent of replacement necessary and have replacement piping fabricated before the shutdown,
reducing the number of people who need to be in the unit, reducing surges in work load. API 574
8.2.2

The actual thickness of wrought piping may vary from its nominal thickness by a manufacturing
under tolerance of as much as;
12.5% API 4.1.1.3 Table 3

A large number of piping failures occur at;

Elbows, reducers, mixing tees, control valves, and orifices because of increase velocity and/or
turbulence. API 574 7.3.3

When PMI tests are conducted on new or existing piping systems records should be
kept_______.
As long as the piping system is kept in its original location. API 578 7.4

Whenever the term inspector is used in the API 570 document. It refers to;
Authorized piping inspector API 574 3.1.16

These materials exhibit an endurance limit below which fatigue cracking will not occur,
regardless of the number of cycles.
Carbon steel and Titanium API 571 4.2.16.3 (c)

Define "Representative Sample" per API RP 578;

One or more items selected at random from the inspection lot that are to be examined to
determine acceptability of the inspection lot. API 578 3.16

A higher degree of PMI testing should be performed on alloy materials supplied by a_______.
Distributor API 578 4.2.7

Fracture Toughness is defined as;

The ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing. API 577 10.4.4

During periodic scheduled inspections, more extensive inspections should be applied to an area
beginning;
12" or 3X the pipe diameter whichever is greater upstream of an injection point and downstream
of the injection point to the 2nd change in flow direction or 25' beyond the 1st change in
direction whichever is less. API 570 5.5.9

What should all linings in piping be inspected for?

Separations, Holes, and Blisters. API 570 5.3.8 (Could not locate this)

Where operating deposits, such as coke, are present on the pipe surface, it is particularly
important to determine whether such deposits have;
Active corrosion beneath them. API 570 5.3.8 (Could not locate this)

As concerns brittle fracture of a piping material during testing, special attention should be given
to low-alloy steels (especially 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo Material), because they may be prone to;
Temper embrittlement API 570 5.3.11 (No longer in 570 or 571) Brittle fracture in API 571
identifies low alloy steels as susceptible. Also API 570 5.8.3 in the hydrostatic testing section
indentifies 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo as susceptible.

A welding electrode has the following marking E-7018. Explain the meaning of the numbers;
(70) 70,000 tensile strength, (1) position, (8) Coating operating characteristics API 577 Fig. A-6

When a valve body and/or closure pressure test are performed after servicing, they should be
conducted in accordance with;
ASME B31.3 API 570 5.8

In accordance with SE-797 what are the recommended thicknesses of calibration test blocks that
have 5 steps of thickness?
.100", .200", .300", .400", and .500" Sec. V Art. 23 SE-797 Fig. X12

In liquid penetrant examination of steel the proper dwell time is__________.

5 minutes Sec. V Art. 6 Table 672

What party is responsible for the review, interpretation, evaluation, and acceptance of completed
weld radiographs?
The manufacturer Sec. V Art. 2 II-292

When conducting magnetic particle inspection what type of gaussmeters are used to verify field
strength?
Hall-Effect probe Sec. V Art. 7 T-763

In order for a tensile specimen to pass in accordance with Section IX it;

The specimen will have a tensile strength that is not less than
(a) the minimum tensile strength of the base metal.
(b) The minimum specified tensile strength of the weaker of the two, if base metals of different
minimum tensile strengths are used.
(c) The minimum specified tensile strength of the weld metal when the applicable Section
provides for the use of weld metal having lower room temperature strength than the base metal.

(d) If the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or weld interface, the test shall
be accepted as meeting the requirements, provided the strength is not more than 5% below the
minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal.

(e) The specified minimum tensile strength is for full thickness specimens including cladding for
aluminum Alclad materials (P No. 21 through P No. 23) less than ½". For aluminum Alclad
materials ½" and greater, the specified minimum tensile strength is for both full thickness
specimens that include cladding and specimens taken from the core. QW-153.1 (a, b, c, d, and e)

A welder's radiographic examination for performance shall be deemed unacceptable when?

(1) Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

(2) Any elongated slag inclusion which has a length greater than (a) 1/8" for t up to 3/8"
inclusive. (b) 1/3 t for t over 3/8" to 2 ¼" inclusive. (c) ¾" for t over 2 ¼".
(3)any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of
12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is
length of the longest imperfection in the group.
(b) Rounded Indications
(1) the maximum permissible dimension for rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 1/8"
whichever is smaller.
(2) For welds in material less than 1/8" in thickness, the maximum number of rounded
indications shall not exceed 12 in 6" length of weld. A proportionately fewer number of rounded
indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6" in length.
(3) For welds in material 1/8" or greater in thickness, the charts in Appendix 1 represents the
maximum acceptable types of rounded indications illustrated in typically clustered, assorted, and
randomly dispersed configuration. Rounded indications less than 1/32" in maximum diameter
shall not be considered in the radiograph acceptance test of welders and welding operators in
these ranges of material thicknesses. Sec IX QW-191.1.2.2

A welder is to make a groove weld performance test coupon in a material classified as being P
No. 21. It is to be qualified by radiography, this is permissible if he uses what process;
GTAW Sec. IX QW-304

The definition of a procedure essential variable is;

A change in a welding condition which will affect the mechanical properties (other than notch
toughness) of the weldment (e.g., change in P-Number, welding process, filler metal, electrode,
preheat, or postweld heat treatment). Sec. IX QW-401.1

How is the term coalescence defined for welding in section IX?

The growing together or growth into one body of the materials being joined. Sec. IX QW/QB-
492

The Macro-Test of Section IX is used to qualify?

Fillet weld procedure qualifications Sec. QW-462.4 (a)

When a welder has failed the visual examination portion of a performance qualification test;
The welder or welding operator shall make (2) consecutive test coupons for each position which
has failed, all of which shall pass the visual examination requirements. Sec. IX QW-321.1

A welder has not welded with the SMAW process for 7 months, in order to renew his
qualification he must;
Renewal of qualification expired under QW-322.1 (a) may be made for any process by welding a
single test coupon of either plate or pipe, of any material, thickness or diameter, in any position,
and testing of that coupon as required by QW-301 and QW-302.

Per B16.5 what are the requirements for material used to make flanged fittings?
Materials required for flanges and flanged fittings are listed in table 1A with the restriction that
plate materials shall be used only for blind flanges and reducing flanges without hubs. B16.5 5.1

Primary process piping normally includes all process piping greater than NPS______.
Process piping in normal, active service that cannot be valved off, or if it were vavled off would
significantly affect unit operability. Primary Process piping normally includes most process
piping greater than NPS 2", and typically does not include small bore or auxiliary process piping.
API 570 3.1.72

When used above 200°C (400°F),________flanged joints may develop leaks unless special care
is taken.
Class 150 B16.5 2.5.2

What are the requirements for flange bolt holes per B16.5?
Bolt holes are in multiples of 5 B16.5 6.5

A section of pipe encompassed by flanges or other connecting fittings such as unions is the
definition for?
Spool API 570 3.1.88

What shall be done when welding is interrupted per B31.3?

If welding is interrupted, the rate of cooling shall be controlled or other means shall be used to
prevent detrimental effects in the piping. B31.3 330.2.4

Where shall the preheat requirements be found for an unlisted piping material?
Preheat requirements for unlisted material shall be specified in the WPS. B31.3 330.1.2

The weld joint quality factors Ej tabulated in table A-1 of B31.3 are?
Basic quality factors for longitudinal weld joints in pipe, tubes, and fittings. B31.3 Table A-1B

A loss of ductility and notch toughness in susceptible low alloy steels, such as 1 ¼ Cr and 2 ¼ Cr,
due to prolonged exposure to high temperature service [700°F - 1070°F (370°C - 575°C)]. Is
defined as_________.
Temper Embrittlement 570 3.34 (Temper Embrittlement is no longer in 570 or 571)

When an unlisted material is to be used, or when a listed material is to be used above the highest
temperature for which stress values appear in appendix A of B31.3;
The designer is responsible for demonstrating the validity of the allowable stresses and other
limits used in design and of the approach taken in using the material., including the derivation of
stress data and the establishment of temperature limits. B31.3 323.2.4

What fluid services and classes of piping systems are excluded from the specific requirements of
API 570?

Class 1-Flammable services that con auto refrigerate and lead to brittle fracture, Pressurized
services that can rapidly vaporize during release, creating vapors that can collect and form an
explosive mixture, such as C2, C3, and C4 streams. Fluids that can rapidly vaporize are those
with atmospheric boiling temperatures below 50°F or where the atmospheric boiling point is
below the operating temperature., Hydrogen sulfide in a gaseous stream, Anhydrous hydrogen
chloride, Hydrofluoric acid, Piping over or adjacent to water and piping over public
throughways, Flammable services operating above their auto-ignition temperature.

Class-2 Services not included in other classes are in class 2. This classification includes the
majority of unit process piping and selected off-site piping. e.g., On-site hydrocarbons that will
slowly vaporize during release such as those operating below the flash point, hydrogen, fuel gas,
and natural gas, on-site strong acids and caustics.

Class-3 Services that are flammable but do not significantly vaporize when they leak and are not
located in high activity areas are in class 3. Services that are potentially harmful to human tissue
but are located in remote areas may be included in this class. e.g., On-site hydrocarbons that will
not significantly vaporize during release such as those operating below the flash point; Distillate
and product lines to and from storage and loading; tank farm piping; offsite acids and caustics.

Class-4 Services that are essentially nonflammable and nontoxic are in class 4, as most are utility
services. Inspection of class 4 piping is optional and usually based on reliability needs and
business impacts as opposed to safety or environmental impact. e.g., steam, steam condensate,
air, nitrogen, water, including boiler feed water, stripped sourwater, lube oil, seal oil, ASME
B31.3 Category D services, plumbing and sewers. API 570 6.3.4

Operations should report______piping to engineering or inspection personnel for assessment.

Vibrating or swaying API 570 5.5.7

In general for inspection preparation, piping inspectors should familiarize themselves with;
Prior history; specifically prior inspection results, prior repairs, current inspection plans, and
similar service inspections. API 570 5.3.5

A combination of corrosion and erosion (Corrosion/Erosion) results in significantly greater metal

loss than can be expected from corrosion or erosion alone.
This type of corrosion often occurs; Bends, elbows, tees, reducers, downstream of let down
valves and block valves, pumps, blowers, propellers, impellers, agitators, agitated vessels, heat
exchanger tubing, measuring device orifices, turbine blades, nozzles, ducts and vapor lines,
scrapers, cutters, and wear plates. API 571 4.2.14.4

The traditional thickness designations-standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong-
differ from schedules for nominal pipe sizes up to: The traditional thickness designations -
standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong - differ from schedules and are used for
NPSs up to 48". API 574 4.1.1.2
This type of corrosion often occurs; Bends, elbows, tees, reducers, downstream of let down
valves and block valves, pumps, blowers, propellers, impellers, agitators, agitated vessels, heat
exchanger tubing, measuring device orifices, turbine blades, nozzles, ducts and vapor lines,
scrapers, cutters, and wear plates. API 571 4.2.14.4

A______valve consist of a tapered or cylindrical plug fitted snugly into a correspondingly

shaped seat in the valve body.
Plug Valve API 574 4.3.4