CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
ARTICLE 161
COUNTERFEITING THE GREAT SEAAL OF THE GOV’T OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,
FORGING THE SIGNATURE OR STAMPT OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Forging the “Great Seal” of the government of the Philippines
2. Forging the signature of the President
3. Forging the stamp of the President
ARTICLE 162
USING FORGED SIGNATURE OR COUNTERFEIT SEAL OR STAMP
Elements:
1. That the “Great Seal” of the Republic was counterfeited or the signature or stamp
of the Chief Executive was forged by another person.
2. That the offender knew of the counterfeiting or forgery.
3. That he used the counterfeit seal or forged signature or stamp.
ARTICLE 163
MAKING AND IMPORTING AND UTTERING FALSE COINS
Elements:
1. That there be false or counterfeited coins.
2. That the offender either made, imported or uttered such coins.
3. That in case of uttering such false or counterfeited coins, he connived with the
counterfeiters or importers.
ARTICLE 164
MUTILATION OF COINS
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Mutilating coins of the legal currency with the further requirement that there be
intent to damage or to defraud another.
2. Importing or uttering such mutilated coins, with the further requirement that
there must be connivance with the mutilator or importer in case of uttering.
ARTICLE 165
SELLING OF FALSE OR MUTILATED COIN, WITHOUT CONNIVANCE
ACT 1 ELEMENTS:
1. Possession
2. With intent to utter and
3. Knowledge
ACT 2 ELEMENTS:
1. Actually uttering and
2. Knowledge
ARTICLE 166
FORGING TREASURE OR BANK NOTES OR OTHER DOCUMENTS PAYABLE TO BEARER;
IMPORTING AND UTTERING SUCH FALSE OR FORGED NOTES AND DOCUMENTS
ACTS PUNISHED (3)
1. Forging or falsification of treasury or bank notes or other documents payable to
bearer.
2. Importation of such false or forged obligation or notes.
3. Uttering of such false or forged obligation or notes in connivance with the forgers
or importers.
ARTICLE 167
COUNTERFEITING, IMPORTING AND UTTERING INSTRUMENTS NOT PAYABLE TO
BEARER
Elements:
1. That there be an instrument payable to order or other document of credit not
payable to bearer.
2. That the offender either forged, imported or uttered such instrument.
3. That in case of uttering, he connived with the forger or importer
ARTICLE 168
ILLEGAL POSSESSION AND USE OF FALSE TREASURY OR BANK NOTES AND OTHER
INSTRUMENTS OF CREDITS
Elements:
1. That any treasury or bank note or certificate or other obligation and security
payable to bearer, or any instrument payable to order or other document of credit
not payable to bearer is forged or falsified by another person.
2. That the offender knows that any of those instruments is forged or falsified.
3. That he performs any of these acts –
a. Using any of such forged or falsified instruments or
b. Possessing with intent to use any of such forged or falsified instruments
ARTICLE 169
HOW FORGERY IS COMMITTED
1. By giving to a treasury or bank note or any instrument payable to bearer or to
order mentioned therein, the appearance of a true and genuine document.
2. By erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by any means the figures,
letters, words or sign contained therein.
ARTICLE 173
FALSIFICATION OF WIRELESS, CABLE, TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE MESSAGES AND
USE OF SAID FALSIFIED MESSAGES
ACT 1 ( UTTERING FICTITIOUS MESSAGE OR FALSIFYING THE SAME )
Elements:
1. That the offender is an officer or employee of the Government or an officer or
employee of a private corporation, engaged in the service of sending or receiving
wireless, cable or telephone message.
2. That the offender commits any of the following acts:
a. Uttering fictitious wireless, cable , telegraph or telephone message; or
b. Falsifying wireless, cable, telegraph or telephone message.
ACT 2 ( USE OF FALSIFIED MESSAGED )
Elements:
1. That the accused knew that wireless, cable, telegraph or telephone message was
falsified by any of the persons specified in the first paragraph of Article 173.
2. That the accused used such falsified dispatch
3. That the use of the falsified dispatch resulted in the prejudice of a third party or
that the use thereof was with intent to cause such prejudice.
ARTICLE 174
FALSE MEDICAL CERTIFICATES, FALSE CERTIFICATES OF MERIT OR SERVICE, ETC.
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Any physician or surgeon who, in connection with the practice of his profession,
shall issue a false certificate;
2. Any public officer who shall issue a false certificate of merit or service, good
conduct or similar circumstance
3. Private person who shall falsify a certificate falling within the classes mentioned.
ARTICLE 175
USING FALSE CERTIFICATES
Elements:
1. That a physician or surgeon had issued a false medical certificate or a public officer
had issued a false certificate of merit or service, good conduct or similar
circumstances or a private person had falsified any of said certificates.
2. That the offender knew that the certificate was false.
3. That he used the same.
Article 176
MANUFACTURING AND POSSESSION OF INSTRUMENTS OR IMPLEMENTS FOR
FALSIFICATION
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Making or introducing into the Philippines any stamps, dies, marks or other
instruments or implements for counterfeiting or falsification.
2. Possessing with intent to use the instruments or implements for counterfeiting or
falsification made in or introduced into the Philippines by another person.
OTHER FALSITIES
ARTICLE 177
USURPATION OF AUTHORITY OR OFFICIAL FUNCTIONS
ACTS PUNISHED
1. By knowingly and falsely representing oneself to be an officer, agent or
representative of any department or agency of the Philippine Government or any
foreign government.
2. By performing any act pertaining Philippine Government or of a foreign
government or any agency thereof, under pretense of official position and without
being lawfully entitled to do so.
ARTICLE 178
USING FICTITIOUS NAME AND CONCEALING TRUE NAME.
ACT 1 (USING FICTITIOUS NAME)
1. That the offender uses a name other than his real name.
2. That he uses that fictitious name publicly.
3. That the purpose of the offender is
a. To conceal a crime;
b. To evade the execution of judgment;
c. To cause damage to public interest.
ACT 2 ( CONCEALING TRUE NAME )
1. That the offender conceals
a. His true name; and
b. All other personal circumstances
2. That the purpose is only to conceal his identity.
ARTICLE 179
ILLEGAL USE OF UNIFORMS OR INSIGNIA
Elements:
1. That the offender makes use of insignia, uniforms or dress.
2. That the insignia, uniform or dress pertains to an office not held by the offender or
to a class of persons of which he is not a member.
3. That said insignia, uniform or dress is used publicly and improperly.
Note: foreign state = RA 75
