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Current prevalence of female genital cutting and factors driving the practice in Nigeria

David B. Olarinloye*, M.D. Dairo

*Corresponding author: David B. Olarinloye. Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory


Training Programme. adavide4ever@yahoo.com

Authors’ affiliation: Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme

Abstract

Introduction/Background: Female genital cutting (FGC) includes all procedures involving


partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital
organs. It is a public health issue to which more than 125 million girls and women in 29
countries of Africa and the Middle East have been subjected to. FGC has been preserved over
generations by social dynamics which makes it difficult for families to abandon it. Although
some successes have been made on reduction of the practice, the overall rate of decline in the
prevalence is slow, while in many areas, like Egypt, it remains high.

The purpose of this study is to determine the current prevalence of FGC in Nigeria and factors
associated with it.

Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of Women Dataset (ngir6asv) of 2013 Nigeria
Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Stratified sampling method was used to collect
information from 40,320 households. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.There were
missing data.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.86 ± 9.69 years. Among them, 14407 (37.0%)
had secondary education while 13740 (35.3%) had no education. More than half, 26202 (67.3%),
have heard of FGC while 9426 (36.1%) were circumcised and 3114 (23.0%) circumcised their
first daughters. Respondents that had 2nd degree FGC were 6405 (86.3%) while traditional
circumcisers circumcised majority, 6543 (76.3%). Some factors, lack of formal education, belief
that it is required by religion, mother being circumcised and lack of desire for caessation of FGC
were found to be associated with a daughter being circumcised. Prevalence of FGC is less among
younger age group.
Conclusion: The awareness of FGC among women is high and there is reduction in its
prevalence. Intervention should be targeted at traditional circumcisers, female education and
religious belief.

Key words: female genital mutilation, prevalence, female education, traditional circumciser and
religious belief.

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