LGBT rights in Africa

With the exception of South Africa and Cape Verde, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
(LGBT) rights in Africa are limited in comparison to Western Europe and much of the Americas and LGBT rights in Africa
Oceania.

Out of the 54 states recognised by the United Nations or African Union or both, the International Gay
and Lesbian Association stated in 2015 that homosexuality is outlawed in 34 African countries.[1]
Human Rights Watch notes that another two countries, Benin and the Central African Republic, do not
outlaw homosexuality, but have certain laws which apply differently to heterosexual and homosexual
individuals.[2]

Homosexuality has never been criminalised in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, and Rwanda. It has
been decriminalised in Angola, Botswana, Cape Verde, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho,
Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, the Seychelles and South Africa.

Since 2011, some developed countries have been considering or implementing laws that limit or
prohibit general budget support to countries that restrict the rights of LGBT people.[3] In spite of this, Same-sex marriage
many African countries have refused to consider increasing LGBT rights,[4] and in some cases have Homosexuality legal but no
drafted laws to increase sanctions against LGBT people.[5] Some African leaders claim that it was recognition
brought into the continent from other parts of the world. Nevertheless, most scholarship and research Illegal but unenforced
demonstrates that homosexuality has long been a part of various African cultures.[6][7][8][9] Punishable by prison
Prison, unenforced death penalty
In Somalia, Somaliland, Mauritania and northern Nigeria, homosexuality is punishable by death.[1][10] Enforced death penalty
In Uganda, Tanzania, and Sierra Leone, offenders can receive life imprisonment for homosexual acts,
although the law is not enforced in Sierra Leone. In addition to criminalizing homosexuality, Nigeria Status Legal in 22 out of 54
has enacted legislation that would make it illegal for heterosexual family members, allies and friends of countries
LGBT people to be supportive. According to Nigerian law, a heterosexual ally "who administers, Legal in all 8
witnesses, abets or aids" any form of gender non-conforming and homosexual activity could receive a territories
10-year jail sentence.[11] The Republic of South Africa has the most liberal attitudes toward gays and
Gender Legal in 3 out of 54
lesbians, as the country has legalized same-sex marriage and its Constitution guarantees gay and
identity countries
lesbian rights and protections. South Africa is the only country in Africa where any form of
discrimination against the LGBT community is constitutionally forbidden. In 2006, South Africa Legal in 7 out of 8
became the first country in Africa and the fifth in the world to enact same-sex marriage. However, territories
despite this protection, social discrimination against South African LGBT people does still occur, Military Allowed to serve
particularly in rural areas, where it is fueled by a number of religious figures and traditions. openly in 1 out of 54
Discrimination is , however, far rarer in bigger cities, and there are large LGBT communities in cities countries
like Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Allowed in all 8
Nelspruit, Pietermaritzburg, Kimberley and George. South Africa's three largest cities, Johannesburg,
territories
Durban and Cape Town, are considered fairly accepting of the LGBT community and are promoted as
tourist destinations for LGBT people. Spanish, Portuguese, British and French territories legalised Discrimination Protected in 7 out of
same-sex marriages.[12][13] protections 54 countries
Protected in all 8
For their own safety, gay and lesbian travellers have been encouraged by some to use discretion whilst territories
in Africa, including advice to avoid public displays of affection (advice which applies equally to both
homosexual and heterosexual couples).[14] South Africa is generally considered to be the most gay- Family rights
friendly African country in respect of the legal status of LGBT rights, although Cape Verde is also Recognition Recognized in 1 out
frequently regarded as being very socially accepting of LGBT rights.[15] of of 54 countries
relationships Recognized in all 8
territories
Contents Restrictions Same-sex marriage
constitutionally
History of male homosexuality in Africa
banned in 9 out of 54
Ancient history
countries
Egypt
Adoption Legal in 1 out of 54
Modern history
North Africa countries
Legal in all 8
East Africa
territories
West Africa
Southern Africa
Legislation by country or territory
Northern Africa
Western Africa
 Central Africa
Southeast Africa
Horn of Africa
Indian Ocean states
Southern Africa
Public opinion
Views of African leaders on homosexuality
Adoption
See also
References
External links

History of male homosexuality in Africa

Ancient history

Egypt

It remains unclear, what exact view the ancient Egyptians fostered about homosexuality. Any document and literature that actually contains sexual
orientated stories, never named the nature of the sexual deeds, but instead uses stilted and flowery paraphrases. Ancient Egyptian documents never
clearly say that same-sex relationships were seen as reprehensible or despicable. No ancient Egyptian document mentions that homosexual acts
were set under penalty. Thus, a straight evaluation remains problematic.[16][17]

The best known case of possible homosexuality in ancient Egypt is that of the two high officials Nyankh-
Khnum and Khnum-hotep. Both men lived and served under pharaoh Niuserre during the 5th Dynasty (c.
2494–2345 BC).[16] Nyankh-Khnum and Khnum-hotep each had families of their own with children and
wives, but when they died their families apparently decided to bury them together in one and the same
mastaba tomb. In this mastaba, several paintings depict both men embracing each other and touching their
faces nose-on-nose. These depictions leave plenty of room for speculation, because in ancient Egypt the
nose-on-nose touching normally represented a kiss.[16]

Egyptologists and historians disagree about how to interpret the paintings of Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-
hotep. Some scholars believe that the paintings reflect an example of homosexuality between two married
Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep
men and prove that the ancient Egyptians accepted same-sex relationships.[18] Other scholars disagree and kissing
interpret the scenes as an evidence that Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep were twins, even possibly
conjoined twins. No matter what interpretation is correct, the paintings show at the very least that Nyankh-
khnum and Khnum-hotep must have been very close to each other in life as in death.[16]

The Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century AD is said to have exterminated a large number of "effeminate priests" based in Alexandria.[6]

Modern history

North Africa

North Africa contained some of the most visible and well-documented traditions of homosexuality in the world – particularly during the period of
Mamluk rule. Arabic poetry emerging from cosmopolitan and literate societies frequently described the pleasures of pederastic relationships. There
are accounts of Christian boys being sent from Europe to become sex workers in Egypt. In Cairo, cross-dressing men called "khawal" would
entertain audiences with song and dance (potentially of pre-Islamic origin).[6]

The Siwa Oasis in Egypt was described by several early twentieth century travellers as a place where same-sex sexual relationships were quite
common. A group of warriors in this area were known for paying reverse dowries to younger men; a practice that was outlawed in the 1940s.[6]

Siegfried Frederick Nadel wrote about the Nuba tribes in Sudan the late 1930s.[19] He noted that among the Otoro, a special transvestitic role
existed whereby men dressed and lived as women. Transvestitic homosexuality also existed amongst the Moru, Nyima, and Tira people, and
reported marriages of Korongo londo and Mesakin tubele for the bride price of one goat. In the Korongo and Mesakin tribes, Nadel reported a
common reluctance among men to abandon the pleasure of all-male camp life for the fetters of permanent settlement.

East Africa

In Ethiopia, most of society rejects homosexuality and LGBT people while promoting Ethiopian nationalism and depicting them as moral panic
and causative agent for HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted diseases. Hence, Ethiopia is regarded as the most socially conservative country in
Africa.[20]
According to 2007 Pew Research Center, 97% of Ethiopians said that homosexuality is the way of life that society should not accept, becoming
the highest level of rejection after Mali. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is the domain religion with respect of promoting Ethiopian
nationalism and strongly condemns LGBT people.

Gender-nonconforming and homosexuality has been reported in a number of East African societies. In pre-colonial East Africa there have been
examples of male priests in traditional religions dressing as women. British social anthropologist Rodney Needham has described such a religious
leadership role called "mugawe" among the Meru people and Kikuyu people of Kenya which included wearing women's clothes and hairstyle.[21]
Mugawe are frequently homosexual, and sometimes are formally married to a man.

Such men were known as "ikihindu" among the Hutu and Tutsi peoples of Burundi and Rwanda. A similar role is played by some men within the
Swahili-speaking Mashoga—who often take on women's names and cook and clean for their husbands.[6]

Swedish anthropologist Felix Bryk reported active (i.e., insertive) Kikuyu pederasts called onek, and also mentioned "homo-erotic bachelors"
among the pastoralist Nandi and Maragoli (Wanga). The Nandi as well as the Maasai would sometimes cross-dress as women during initiation
ceremonies.

Among the Maale people of southern Ethiopia, historian Donald Donham documented "a small minority [of men] crossed over to feminine roles.
Called "ashtime", these (biological) males dressed like women, performed female tasks, cared for their own houses, and apparently had sexual
relations with men". They were also protected by the king.

In Uganda, religious roles for cross-dressing men (homosexual priests) were historically found among the Bunyoro people. Similarly, the kingdom
of Buganda (part of modern-day Uganda) institutionalised certain forms of same-sex relations. Young men served in the royal courts and provided
sexual services for visitors and elites. King Mwanga II of Buganda had several such men executed when they converted to Christianity and refused
to carry out their assigned duties (the "Uganda Martyrs").[6][22] The Teso people of Uganda also have a category of men who dress as women.

West Africa

In West Africa there is extensive historical evidence of homosexuality. In the kingdom of Dahomey, eunuchs were known as royal wives and
played an important part at court.

The Dagaaba people, who lived in Burkina Faso, believed that homosexual men were able to mediate between the spirit and human worlds.[23]

Southern Africa

Writing in the 19th century about the area of today's southwestern Zimbabwe, David Livingstone asserted that the monopolization of women by
elderly chiefs was essentially responsible for the "immorality" practised by younger men.[24] Edwin W. Smith and A. Murray Dale mention one
Ila-speaking man who dressed as a woman, did women's work, lived and slept among, but not with, women. The Ila label "mwaami" they
translated as "prophet". They also mentioned that pederasty was not rare, "but was considered dangerous because of the risk that the boy will
become pregnant".[25]

Marc Epprecht's review of 250 court cases from 1892 to 1923 found cases from the beginnings of the records. The five 1892 cases all involved
black Africans. A defense offered was that "sodomy" was part of local "custom". In one case a chief was summoned to testify about customary
penalties and reported that the penalty was a fine of one cow, which was less than the penalty for adultery. Over the entire period, Epprecht found
the balance of black and white defendants proportional to that in the population. He notes, however, only what came to the attention of the courts
—most consensual relations in private did not necessarily provoke notice. Some cases were brought by partners who had been dropped or who
had not received promised compensation from their former sexual partner. And although the norm was for the younger male to lie supine and not
show any enjoyment, let alone expect any sexual mutuality, Epprecht found a case in which a pair of black males had stopped their sexual
relationship out of fear of pregnancy, but one wanted to resume taking turns penetrating each other.[25]

Legislation by country or territory

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Africa
This table:

Northern Africa

LGB Anti-
people discrimination
Recognition Adoption by Laws concerning
LGBT Same-sex sexual Same-sex allowed to laws
of same-sex same-sex gender
rights in: activity marriage serve concerning
unions couples identity/expression
openly in sexual
military orientation
Illegal since 1966
Up to 3 years
imprisonment with fines
Algeria up to 10,000 dinars,[26]
torture,[27] beatings,[28]
or vigilante execution
 Legal since 1979 De facto Legal Legal since Spain Bans all anti- Since 2007, all
Canary + UN decl. sign.[1] unions legal since 2005[31][32] responsible gay documents can be
Islands since 2005[30] for defence discrimination[33] amended to the
(Autonomous 2003[29] recognised
community of gender[34]
Spain)

Since 2007, all

Ceuta De facto Legal Spain Bans all anti- documents can be
Legal since 1979 Legal since
(Autonomous union since since responsible gay amended to the
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 2005[31]
city of Spain) 1998[35] 2005[30] for defence discrimination recognised
gender[34]
Male de jure legal, but
de facto illegal since
2000
Penalty: Up to 17 years
Egypt imprisonment with or
without hard labour and
with or without fines
under broadly-written
morality laws.[1][36]
De facto: illegal:
Islamic Sharia Law is
applied

Libya De jure: Not

specifically outlawed
Penalty: Up to 4 years
in jail or death[37][38]

Since 2011, all

Madeira De facto Legal Portugal Bans all anti- documents can be
Legal since 1983 Legal since
(Autonomous union since since responsible gay amended to the
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 2016[42][43][44] for defence
region of 2001[39][40] 2010[41] discrimination.[33] recognised
Portugal) gender[45]
Since 2007, all
Melilla De facto Legal Spain Bans all anti- documents can be
Legal since 1979 Legal since
(Autonomous union since since responsible gay amended to the
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 2005[31]
city of Spain) 2008[46] 2005[30] for defence discrimination[47] recognised
gender[34]
Illegal since 1962
Morocco Penalty: Up to 3 years
(including imprisonment and
Southern fines.[1][48]Legalization
Provinces) proposed

Sahrawi
Arab Illegal since 1944 (as
Democratic part of the Overseas
Republic Province of Spanish
(Disputed Sahara)
territory; Penalty: Up to 3 years
excluding imprisonment.[1][49][50]
Southern
Provinces)

Illegal since 1899 (as

Forms of gender
South Anglo-Egyptian Sudan) Constitutional
expression are
Sudan Penalty: Up to 10 years ban since
criminalized.
imprisonment.[1][51] 2011
Illegal since 1899 (as
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Sudan Penalty: Life
imprisonment for a third
offense of anal
sex.[52][53]
Illegal since 1913 (as
the French protectorate
of Tunisia)
Tunisia Penalty: 3 years
imprisonment.[1][54]
Legalization proposed[55]

Western Africa
 LGBT Same-sex sexual Recognition Same-sex Adoption LGB people Anti- Laws concerning
rights in: activity of same-sex marriage by same- allowed to discrimination gender
unions sex serve laws identity/expression
couples openly in concerning
military sexual
orientation
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
sexual activity have
Benin ever existed in the
country);[1][56]
Age of consent
discrepancy[1]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Burkina Constitutional
sexual activity have
Faso ever existed in the ban since
1991
country)[1]
Bans some
Cape Legal since 2004
anti-gay
Verde + UN decl. sign.[1]
discrimination[1]
Illegal since 1888
(as the Gambia Forms of gender
Gambia Colony and expression
Protectorate) criminalized since
Penalty: Up to Iife 2013[58]
imprisonment.[1][57][51]
Male illegal since
1860s (as the Gold
Coast)
Ghana Penalty: Up to 3 years
imprisonment.
Female always
legal[1][59][51]
Illegal since 1988
Guinea Penalty: 6 months to
10 years
imprisonment.[60]
Guinea- Legal since 1993[1]
Bissau + UN decl. sign.
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
sexual activity have
Ivory
ever existed in the
Coast country);
Age of consent
discrepancy[1]
Illegal since 1976
Liberia Penalty: 1 year
imprisonment.[1][61]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Mali sexual activity have
ever existed in the
country)[1]
Illegal: Islamic
Sharia Law is applied
Penalty: Capital
punishment for men,
Mauritania (not enforced); prison
and a fine for
women.[1][62]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
sexual activity have
Niger ever existed in the
country);
Age of consent
discrepancy[1]
Nigeria Illegal under Forms of gender
federal law since 1901 expression
(as the Northern criminalized in
Nigeria Protectorate Sharia provinces.
 and the Southern
Nigeria Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to 14
years imprisonment.
Death in the states
of Bauchi, Borno,
Gombe, Jigawa,
Kaduna, Kano,
Katsina, Kebbi, Niger,
Sokoto, Yobe, and
Zamfara.[1][63][51]
Saint
Helena,
Ascension
and Tristan Legal since 2001 Legal since UK Bans all
Legal since Legal
da Cunha responsible anti-gay
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 2017 2017[64][65] since 2017
(Overseas for defence discrimination
Territory of the
United
Kingdom)

Illegal since 1966

Senegal Penalty: 1 to 5 years
imprisonment.[1][66]
Male illegal since
1861 (as the Sierra
Leone Colony and
Protectorate)
Sierra Penalty: Up to life
Leone imprisonment (Not
enforced).
Female always
legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]
Illegal since 1884
(as Togoland)
Togo Penalty: Fine and 3
years
imprisonment.[1][51]

Central Africa

Anti-
LGB people
discrimination
Recognition Adoption by allowed to Laws concerning
LGBT rights Same-sex sexual Same-sex laws
of same-sex same-sex serve gender
in: activity marriage concerning
unions couples openly in identity/expression
sexual
military
orientation
Illegal since
1972
Penalty: Fines to 5
years
Cameroon imprisonment.[1][51]
or vigilante
execution and
torture[67]
Legal (No laws
Central against same-sex
Constitutional
African sexual activity have
ban since
Republic ever existed in the
2016[68]
country)[1]
Illegal since
2017
Penalty: Between 3
months and 2
Chad years in prison,
with fines of 50,000
to 500,000 FCFA.
(Penal Code,
Chapter 2, Article
354) [69]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Democratic sexual activity have Constitutional
Republic of ever existed in the ban since
the Congo 2005
country)[1]
 Republic Legal (No laws
of the Congo against same-sex
sexual activity have
ever existed in the
country);
Age of consent
discrepancy[1]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Equatorial sexual activity have
Guinea ever existed in the
country)[1]
Legal since
Gabon 2020[70]
+ UN decl. sign.
São Legal since
Tomé and 2012
Príncipe + UN decl. sign.[1]

Southeast Africa

Anti-
LGB people
discrimination
Recognition Adoption by allowed to Laws concerning
LGBT rights Same-sex sexual Same-sex laws
of same-sex same-sex serve gender
in: activity marriage concerning
unions couples openly in identity/expression
sexual
military
orientation
Illegal since
2009
Burundi Penalty: fine, and 3 Constitutional
months to 2 years ban since 2005
imprisonment.[1][71]
Illegal since
1897 (as the East
Kenya Africa Protectorate) Constitutional
Penalty: up to 14 ban since
years 2010[72]
imprisonment.[1][51]
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Rwanda sexual activity have Constitutional
ever existed in the
ban since 2003
country)[1]
+ UN decl. sign.
Illegal since
1864 (only
Zanzibar)
Illegal since 1899
Penalty: Up to life
imprisonment.[1][51]
Tanzania Vigilante
executions,
beatings and
torture[73][74] are
also tolerated.
Male illegal
since 1894
Female illegal
since 2000
Uganda Penalty: Life Constitutional
imprisonment.
ban since 2005
Beatings, torture,
or vigilante
execution are also
common.[75]

Horn of Africa

LGBT rights Same-sex sexual Recognition Same-sex Adoption by LGB people Anti- Laws concerning
in: activity of same-sex marriage same-sex allowed to discrimination gender
unions couples serve openly laws identity/expression
in military concerning
 sexual
orientation
Legal (No laws
against same-sex
Djibouti sexual activity have
ever existed in the
country)[1]
Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3
years
Eritrea imprisonment.[1][76]
or death[77]
Beatings and
torture are also
tolerated.[78]
Illegal
Ethiopia Penalty: Up to 15
years.[1]
Illegal. Penalty:
Up to 3 years
Somalia prison.
Illegal.
Penalty: Up to
death in Jubaland.
Illegal since
1941 (as British
Somaliland Somaliland)
(Disputed
Penalty: Up to 3
territory)
years prison,
sometimes death
sentences.[79]

Indian Ocean states

LGB people Anti-

Same-sex Recognition Adoption by Laws concerning
LGBT rights Same-sex allowed to discrimination
sexual of same-sex same-sex gender
in: marriage serve openly laws concerning
activity unions couples identity/expression
in military sexual orientation
Illegal
Penalty: 5
Comoros years
imprisonment
and fines.[1][80]
French Legal
Southern and (No laws
Antarctic against same- Civil France
Legal Legal Bans all anti-gay
Lands sex sexual solidarity pact responsible Under French law
since 2013 since 2013 discrimination
(Overseas activity have since 1999 for defence
territory of ever existed in
France) the territory)[1]
Legal
(No laws
against same-
sex sexual
activity have
Madagascar ever existed in
the country);
Age of consent
discrepancy[1]
Male illegal
Penalty: Up to
5 years
Bans all anti-gay
Mauritius imprisonment.
Female discrimination[83][84]
always legal[81]
+ UN decl.
sign.[1][82]
Mayotte Legal Civil Legal Legal France Bans all anti-gay Under French law
(Overseas (No laws solidarity pact since 2013 since 2013 responsible discrimination
region of France) against same- since 1999 for defence
sex sexual
activity have
 ever existed in
the region)[1]
Réunion Civil France
Legal since Legal Legal Bans all anti-gay
(Overseas solidarity pact responsible Under French law
1791[1] since 1999
since 2013 since 2013
for defence
discrimination
region of France)

Legal since
2016[85] Bans some anti-
Seychelles + UN decl. gay discrimination[1]
sign.

Southern Africa

LGB
Anti-
people
Recognition Adoption discrimination Laws concerning
LGBT rights Same-sex sexual Same-sex allowed to
of same-sex by same- laws concerning gender
in: activity marriage serve
unions sex couples sexual identity/expression
openly in
orientation
military
May possibly
Bans all anti- change gender
Legal since
Angola gay under the Código do
2021 [86]
discrimination[87] Registro Civil
2015[88]
Legal gender
Bans some
Legal since change recognized
anti-gay
Botswana 2019 [89] discrimination
as a constitutional
right since 2017[90]
Male illegal
Eswatini since the 1880s
Female always
legal[1][51]
May possibly
Male legal since
change gender
2012
Lesotho under the National
Female always
Identity Cards Act 9
legal[1]
of 2011[91]
Illegal since
1891 (as British
Central Africa
Protectorate)[92]
Penalty: Up to 14
years
imprisonment, with
or without corporal Men can't have
Malawi punishment for
long hair.
men
up to 5 years
imprisonment for
women (rarely
enforced;
suspending
moratorium legality
disputed)[1][93][51]
Bans some
Legal since
anti-gay
Mozambique 2015[94][95]
discrimination[1][83]
Male illegal
since 1920 (not Under the Births,
enforced; repeal Marriages and
Namibia
proposed)[51][96] Deaths Registration
Female always Act 81 of 1963[99]
legal[1][97][98]
Limited Anti-
Male legal since recognition of discrimination laws
1998 unregistered are interpreted to
South Constitution
Female always partnerships Legal since Legal Since include gender
bans all anti-gay
Africa legal since 1998; 2006 since 2002 1998 identity; legal gender
discrimination
same-sex may be changed
+ UN decl. sign.[1]
marriage after surgical or
since 2006 medical treatment
Zambia Illegal since
1911 (as part of
the British South
 Africa Company
rule of Rhodesia)
Penalty: up to 14
years
imprisonment.[1][51]
Male illegal
since 1891 (as part
of the British South
Constitutional
Africa Company
Zimbabwe ban since
rule of Rhodesia)
Female 2013[100]
legal[1][51]

Public opinion

Views of African leaders on homosexuality

The former president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, was uncompromising in his opposition to LGBT
rights in Zimbabwe. In September 1995, Zimbabwe's parliament introduced legislation banning
homosexual acts.[101] In 1997, a court found Canaan Banana, Mugabe's predecessor and the first
President of Zimbabwe, guilty of 11 counts of sodomy and indecent assault.[102] Mugabe has previously
referred to LGBT people as being "worse than dogs and pigs".[103]

In the Gambia, former President Yahya Jammeh led the call for legislation that would set laws against
homosexuals that would be "stricter than those in Iran", and that he would "cut off the head" of any gay or
lesbian person discovered in the country.[104] News reports indicated his government intended to execute
all homosexuals in the country.[104] In the speech given in Tallinding, Jammeh gave a "final ultimatum" to LGBT activists at Cologne Pride
carrying a banner with the flags of 72
any gays or lesbians in the Gambia to leave the country.[104] In a speech to the United Nations on 27
countries where homosexuality is
September 2013, Jammeh said that "[h]omosexuality in all its forms and manifestations which, though
illegal
very evil, antihuman as well as anti-Allah, is being promoted as a human right by some powers", and that
those who do so "want to put an end to human existence".[105] In 2014, Jammeh called homosexuals
"vermins" by saying that "We will fight these vermins called homosexuals or gays the same way we are
fighting malaria-causing mosquitoes, if not more aggressively". He also went on to disparage LGBT people by saying that "As far as I am
concerned, LGBT can only stand for Leprosy, Gonorrhoea, Bacteria and Tuberculosis; all of which are detrimental to human existence".[106][107]
In 2015, in defiance of western criticism Jammeh intensified his anti-gay rhetoric, telling a crowd during an agricultural tour: "If you do it [in the
Gambia] I will slit your throat—if you are a man and want to marry another man in this country and we catch you, no one will ever set eyes on
you again, and no white person can do anything about it."[108]

In Uganda there have been recent efforts to institute the death penalty for homosexuality.[109][110] British newspaper The Guardian reported that
President Yoweri Museveni "appeared to add his backing" to the legislative effort by, among other things, claiming "European homosexuals are
recruiting in Africa", and saying gay relationships were against God's will.[111]

Abune Paulos, the late Patriarch of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which has a very strong influence in Christian Ethiopia, stated
homosexuality is an animal-like behaviour that must be punished.

Chad in 2017 passed a law criminalizing sodomy. Previously, the country never had any laws against consensual same-sex activity. Conversely,
some African states like Lesotho, São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique, the Seychelles, Angola, and Botswana have abolished sodomy laws in
recent years. Legalisation is proposed in Mauritius, Tunisia, Namibia, and Morocco. Gabon passed a law criminalizing sodomy in 2019, and
reversed its decision by once again decriminalizing homosexuality a year later in 2020.

Adoption
Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex adoption nationwide
Indicates that same-sex adoption is legal in certain parts of the country
Indicates that the country has step-child adoption or partner-guardianship

Opinion polls for same-sex adoption in Africa

Country Pollster Year For Against Don't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other
South Africa Ipsos 2021 69%[112] 23% 8%

See also
Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa
Human rights in Africa
Coalition of African Lesbians
 LGBT rights by country or territory
LGBT rights in Europe
LGBT rights in the Americas
LGBT rights in Asia
LGBT rights in Oceania

References
1. "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (htt
p://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf) (PDF). International Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
2. Ferreira, Louise (28 July 2015). "How many African states outlaw same-sex relations? (At least 34)" (https://africacheck.org/repo
rts/same-sex-relations-illegal-in-34-african-states-likely-35/). Retrieved 28 August 2015.
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External links
African Veil (https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225438/http://www.africanveil.org/) – African LGBT site with news articles
Africans and Arabs come out online (https://web.archive.org/web/20110616142813/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425824/158933
2), Reuters via Television New Zealand

Signare Bi Sukugn Afroqueer Reporter

Behind the Mask, LGBT Magazine in Africa (https://web.archive.org/web/20100730223926/http://www.mask.org.za/)

Coalition of African Lesbians (http://www.cal.org.za)
Pink & Black magazine (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722222055/http://www.pinkandblack.net.ms/)
LGBT Stories from Afrol (https://web.archive.org/web/20090129080020/http://afrol.com/categories/gay_lesbian)
Morality of Homosexuality (https://web.archive.org/web/20110601021922/http://features.pewforum.org/africa/question.php?q=16
&r=Morally+wrong) – Acceptance rate per country

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This page was last edited on 27 June 2021, at 19:15 (UTC).

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