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HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY LIKE A PRO

∞ BAND 7.0 ∞

Table of Contents
CẤU TRÚC INTRO, TOPIC SENTENCES & CONCLUSION TASK 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
CẤU TRÚC LẬP LUẬN BODY WRITING TASK 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
PRACTICE EXERCISES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
HOW TO PARAPHRASE TO GET BAND 6.5-7.5+ ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
ANSWER PARAPHRASE................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21

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 2

CẤU TRÚC INTRO, TOPIC SENTENCES & CONCLUSION TASK 2

TYPES OF ESSAYS STRUCTURE NOTE
TOTALLY AGREE/DISAGREE
Chú ý: câu 1 INTRO là paraphrase lại đề bài. Câu 2 trả lời câu hỏi.
1. It is true that (từ quá phổ biến) = It is undeniable/ obvious that…
It is true that many people prefer to pursue academic studies at Vì quá bổ biến và sáo rỗng nên bạn có thể sử dụng cấu trúc sau để
university rather than to follow a vocational training course. nói về 1 việc ABC nào đó rất phổ biến:
While nobody can deny the need for university graduates, “In contemporary life, ABC has become a prevalent and publicly
I totally agree that we should encourage more people to qualify recognized phenomenon.”
as electricians, plumbers or other essential manual workers. 2. While bắt đầu mệnh đề trạng từ, chỉ so sánh
3. I totally/completely agree/disagree that chỉ hoàn toàn đồng ý
hoặc không đồng ý
1. Some people consider that = some ppl believe that = some ppl
are convinced that (TUY NHIÊN CỐ GẮNG TRÁNH CÁC CỤM K RÕ
INTRO - Some people consider that helping all needy people all NGHĨA NHƯ SOME PEOPLE/ SOME THINGS/ EVERYTHING…)
around the world would be an impossible ideal, and 2. And từ nối câu ghép (bổ sung thêm ý); therefore thể hiện mối
therefore governments should only be concerned about quan hệ cause-effect (được đánh giá cao trong bài)
those who live in their own countries. I completely disagree 3. Those who live in…. = citizens; có thể thay thế cho nhau nhưng
with this view. người viết muốn có thêm 1 mệnh đề tính từ nữa -> tăng điểm
grammar
4. I completely disagree with this view thể hiện hoàn toàn k đồng ý
- There is merit to the argument that the governments
Câu THESIS STATEMENT TRONG INTRO
should be responsible for the diets and exercise levels of
Dùng there is merit to the view that…
citizens.
Hoặc ABC holds merit
- The argument the governments should be responsible for
Để nói về việc mình ủng hộ điều này.
the diets and exercise levels of citizens holds merit.

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 3

Although individuals should take care of their own health, there is

merit to the argument that…
In recent decades, global warming has been receiving a great
deal of media attention around the world due to its substantial
1. Has been receiving a great deal of media attention dùng trong
impacts on human life. Although the idea of coexistence
nhiêu trường hợp
between climate change and human appears reasonable, this
2. This cannot be viewed as k nên được nhìn nhận là…Cấu trúc
cannot be viewed as the ultimate approach for humankind to
Although
combat climate change. (I totally disagree). Although the idea
3. The idea of….appears reasonable = some people believe that
of coexistence between climate change and humans appears
4. This cannot be viewed as… ý hoàn toàn k đồng ý
reasonable, this cannot be viewed as the ultimate approach for
humankind to combat climate change.
1. The first/main reason why để mở đầu cho ý đầu tiên ý TOTALLY
The first reason why people should be stimulated to do
BODY 1 (SUPPORT 1) AGREE/DISAGREE
vocational study is that it helps a graduate secure a job easily.
2. Có thể dùng The first reason is that…
Câu có thể là TOPIC SENTENCE hoặc câu SUPPORT cho luận điểm khi
Another reason/ the chief argument in favour of more
đưa ra ý kiến.
BODY 2 (SUPPORT 2) practical forms of aid is that funded support might be
1. chief = main/ major
misappropriated.
2. in favour of = vì lợi ích của điều gì
In conclusion, although of course governments must tackle Câu kết bài chính là paraphrase lại câu thứ 2 của Intro bằng 1 câu
urgent problems at home, they have the means and the moral 1. In conclusion, bắt đầu kết bài
CONCLUSION
responsibility to fulfil their international obligations to everyone 2. Although mệnh đề trạng từ
in need. 3. The means (8.0+) = the money

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DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS AND GIVE YOUR OPINION
PARTLY AGREE/DISAGREE
In the contemporary world, opinions are divided whether
people should decide their career in their early life and stick
with it until they retire or they should make alterations in their
INTRO
occupation. While I accept that changing jobs has many
advantages, it is not to say that pursuing the job that people
have chosen has no redeeming features.
- Advocates of lending financial assistance to developing
countries may argue that the funding could be allocated to
infrastructure.
BODY 1 (VIEW 1)
- Those who advocates (for) natural born leaders may argue
that/ have their reasons that individuals have to be
endowed with certain traits and quality.
- This is not to say that parents should always keep their
children away from the screen.
BODY 2 (VIEW 2)
- This is not to say that under no circumstances should the
rich countries provide aid in form of money.
In conclusion, it can certainly be satisfying to pursue a
CONCLUSION particular career for the whole of one’s life, but this is by no
means the only route to fulfilment.
4
1. In the contemporary world = in contemporary life = over the
past decade nowadays (k dùng trong bài viết)
2. Whether… or…. bắt đầu mệnh đề danh từ
3. To make alterations to sth = to change sth
Từ này rất tốt khi diễn đạt 1 sự thay đổi nào đó.
4. While bắt đầu mệnh đề trạng từ, chỉ so sánh
5. I accept that = I agree/believe/am convinced/argue/ contend/
assert/ concede (= admit) that…
6. It is not to say that = it doesn’t mean that
7. No redeeming features/quality = no good things
Câu TOPIC SENTENCE cho Para 1 – support câu 1 của đè bài
1. Advocates of smt (= supporters of smt) … may argue that…
2. Those who advocate smt have their reasons that …
3. Ngoài ra có thể nói On the one hand,….
Câu TOPIC SENTENCE cho Para 2 – support vế còn lại của đè bài
1. This is not to say that = điều đó k có nghĩa là…
2. under no circumstances should = shouldn’t
3. Có thể bắt đầu bằng On the other hand,…
1. In conclusion, bắt đầu kết bài
2. But nối câu ghép
3. To be by no means = to be definitely not…
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- Over the past decade, taking a gap year between high
school and post-secondary has become a prevalent and
publicly recognized phenomenon. Although this may bring
several downsides for students, the returns are highly
justifiable = reasonable (= advantages > dis).
- In recent decades, there have been a growing trend
towards taking a gap year between high and post-secondary
for a various purposes.
INTRO It is true that these days, people are able to buy many low-
priced products. While I accept that this has both benefits and 3. I accept/ argue that... đã nói
drawbacks, I would argue that there are more disadvantages
than advantages.
In recent decades, movies and TV series have been imported at
an increasing rate, causing some public controversy. Although
some traditionalists believe that this development comes at
the expense of a country’s culture, plenty of evidence suggests
that the opposite is true.
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1. Over the past decade/ in recent decades, … thay cho Nowadays
(k dùng trong văn viết)
2. a prevalent and publicly recognized phenomenon = điều phổ
biến mà ai cũng nhận thấy -> câu này dùng chỗ nào cũng ok
hoặc cụm to become a globally discernible phenomenon.
3. Although – theo sau là mệnh đề trạng từ
4. This may bring several downsides for students, the returns are
highly justifiable = có nhiều disadvantages và cũng có nhiều
advantages cho điều này -> câu này chỗ nào cũng cho vào đc
Đây là 1 opening rất phổ biến của các bài essay, tuy k văn hoa nhưng
vào thẳng chủ điểm bài, quan trọng nhất là paraphrase được đề bài
1. It is true that quá phổ biến – có thể tham khảo các phrases khác
bên trên để k dùng lại phrase này
2. While – so sánh, mệnh đề trạng từ
4. This has both benefits and drawbacks; there are more
disadvantages than advantages = I believe there are important
benefits, which outweighs the drawback. Hoặc
I believe that the benefits are more significant than such (để nhấn
mạnh) drawbacks.
 bài nào cũng nói được và trả lời câu hỏi adv outweigh dis
1. Increasing rate thay cho more and more
2. Some traditionalists – cụ thể hơn nhiều cho cụm some people
3. To come at the expense of sth/ come at a great cost of/to sth =
have many drawbacks
4. Plenty of evidence suggests that…/ there is a growing evidence
suggesting that = I argue that…
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 6

5. Broad-based benefits = many benefits

- it is true that responsible corporate behavior contributes to
6. There are several important benefits câu mở đầu cho bất cứ ý
broad-based benefits for the countries in which the
bài nào nói về adv trc; nếu là dis thì là drawbacks thay cho
companies are active
benefits
BODY 1 (ADV/ DIS) - There are several important benefits for ABC…
7. On the one hand – nối câu Intro vs Body
- On the one hand, the health and environmental issues
8. ABC should not be underestimated – nói về dis -> nếu nói về adv
which are associated with mass ownership of such products
thì là the health and environmental benefits should be
should not be underestimated.
highlighted
- There are 2 major drawbacks when/of ABC…
- (However/ on the other hand,) I support the view of those I support the view of those who believe that câu chứa mệnh đề
BODY 2 (DIS/ ADV) who believe that the disadvantages of ABC outweighs the danh từ (bắt đầu bẳng that) nằm trong mệnh đề tính từ (bắt đầu
advantages. bằng who)
- (However/ on the other hand,) I would argue that…
- In conclusion, despite the drawbacks of medical services
being provided by profit-making corporations, I believe the
1. I believe the benefits outweigh the disadvantages -> restate lại
benefits outweigh the disadvantages and that people
idea của mình
should take out private health insurance for better access to
CONCLUSION 2. And that vừa nối câu vừa theo sau là 1 mệnh đề
health care.
3. As = because/ since
- In conclusion, as cheaper products are often of low quality
4. And nối cấu trúc đồng dạng
and are produced in unsustainable ways, the disadvantages
of low-priced goods outweigh the advantages

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 7

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

- It is true that the world is experiencing the problem of the
overconsumption of natural resources. This has resulted in
serious consequences which should be addressed urgently.
INTRO - It is true that the gap between the rich and poor is growing
wider in many regions of the world. While the problems that
result are complex, fundamental solutions based on expanding
education should be adopted to tackle this problem.
To face up to a challenge/ problem
BODY 1 (PROBLEMS) There are several issues that ABC faces up to/ ABC is faced with.
= to be faced with an issue
- Some immediate/ viable measures should be taken by
government to tackle such problems.
- There are potential ways to solve these problems, or at least
Những từ gạch chân chỉ có riêng của dạng bài Problems/
BODY 2 (SOLUTIONS) reduce/alleviate the effects.
solutions.
- The Government should take steps immediately to address the
problems.
- There are more viable solutions to the issue of air pollution.

In conclusion, the overconsumption of natural resources worldwide

is already having major impacts and immediate measures are
called for in order to mitigate the consequences.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, dealing with the problem at its roots, by expanding 1. By + V_ing chỉ cách thức (bằng cách nào)
educational opportunities, the authorities would be able to reduce 2. Would/could + V_infi chỉ gợi ý (suggest) hoặc rất có thể điều j
the gap between the wealthy and poor sectors of society. xảy ra

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 8

CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS

1. Cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ, để given lên đầu; chủ ngữ
When given the choice of which subject they want to learn, girls là girls -> câu chuẩn: when girls are given the choice of…
commonly enroll in arts classes while boys attend science courses. 2. While – mệnh đề trạng từ, so sánh
Personally, I think this tendency could be attributed to two main 3. Personally, chỉ quan điểm cá nhân
reasons and that this is a trend that should be changed. 4. This tendency could… main reasons = 2 main causes
INTRO this trend …changed = solutions
In modern life, many people have lost the habit of walking
regularly. While there are various reasons for this trend, some
measures can be implemented to encourage people to take up
walking as part of their daily routine.
Đưa luận điểm nguyên nhân:
- There are several reasons/causes/ grounds why/ for…
The predominant factor
BODY 1 (CAUSES) - The predominant factor resulting in global warming is the
(One of) the most significant/ important/ main reason for/why…
emission of carbon dioxide.
Another cause of this is…
BODY 2 (SOLUTIONS) NHƯ PRO & SOL

In conclusion, I am persuaded that natural preferences and social 1. And nối 2 mệnh đề đồng dạng
stereotypes about each gender affect students’ subject choice, and I am persuaded that … and that…
that it is vital to shift this trend so that all students are entitled to 2. So that chỉ kết quả theo sau là mệnh đề danh từ
CONCLUSION the freedom to study those courses to which they aspire. 3. Which mệnh đề tính từ

In conclusion, some reasons why people are walking less regularly

can be identified, and some simple solutions should be adopted to
encourage them to walk more frequently.

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 9

CAUSES AND EFFECTS

In recent years, fewer students have preferred to study science
1. And nối câu ghép
subjects and this seems to be an increasingly common trend in
2. Increasingly common = more and more (k dùng trong bài viết)
INTRO many countries. There are a number of reasons behind this
common
tendency and I would argue that it has a serious negative impact
3. There are… society = câu của bài Causes & effects
on society.
1. increasingly popular = more and more (k dùng trong bài viết)
In recent years, the decision of parents to start a family later in life
popular
has become an increasingly popular trend. There are a number of
2. , which is – mệnh đề tính từ thế hiện ý cả vé đằng trước
reasons for this trend, which is having a significant impact on both
3. Community as a whole = everyone (k dùng trong bài viết) in
family life and on the community as a whole.
the society
BODY 1 (CAUSES) NHƯ CAUSES & SOLUTIONS
Topic sentence:
- The effects (of this) have been very critical/serious/ adverse/ *** an adverse/ detrimental (C2) effect = a very serious/ harmful
detrimental. effect
BODY 2 - This tendency could have negative consequences in terms of >>> be adversely affected sb/smt
both individuals and society.
An important concern for… is that
Another negative factor is that…
In conclusion, there are dangers in the increasing shift away from
studying science subjects and the causes of this phenomenon
should be addressed urgently.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, there are a number of reasons why more and more
people prefer giving birth later in life. As a result, there could be
negative influences on individual families and the society at large.

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CẤU TRÚC LẬP LUẬN BODY WRITING TASK 2
PREVIOUS SENTENCES
CÁC BƯỚC ĐỂ VIẾT CÂU SUPPORTING SENTENCES
1. Bắt đầu bằng các cấu trúc CAUSE-EFFECT, NHẤN MẠNH, EXPLAIN
2. Tăng độ chi tiết trong câu với such as/ especially/ either or/ not only but also/ regardless of/ including (bôi vàng, in nghiêng) ; kết thúc câu
với ,which để nêu kết luận cuối cùng
METHOD 1: CAUSE – EFFECTS
First, people, rather than mobile
phones, are the factor that ultimately
decide whether or not to engage in
antisocial behaviors.
First, climate change is largely shaped
by human-caused geoengineering
rather than nature itself.
On the other hand, a particular dire
effect of developments in technology
has been automation.
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STRUCTURE NOTE
In fact, there are plenty of mobile phone users
1. Từ nối In fact chỉ dẫn vào ví dụ
who are even more prosocial than non-users,
2. Suggesting an insignificant causal relationship
suggesting an insignificant causal relationship
between = cài này k phải là nguyên nhân gây ra cái
between mobile phones and antisocial
kia
behaviors.
1. Từ nối For example
2. Cấu trúc in order to sth/ in order for sth to do sth
(effect), (cause)
For example, in order to produce the energy
3. To drive từ tốt thay thế to develop the economy
that drives the world’s economy, most nations
4. Such as – tăng tính chi tiết cho câu (có thể thay
rely on carbon-rich fuels such as/including
bằng including)
coal, oil and gas, which directly correlates with
5. Which mở đầu cho câu dẫn Result cuối cùng của
the intensification of global warming.
việc này (luôn phải có RESULT để làm câu liên quan
đến chủ đề bài viết) -> tăng điểm Coherence.
6. To correlate with sth = to be connected to sth
Many everyday practices are now performed
Lập luận bằng cách chỉ ra kết quả/ hậu quả của việc đó
by machines instead of people and this has
(idea) and this has resulted in smt (RESULT)
resulted in less need for labour.
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Machines have steadily replaced the work that
people do leading to redundancies at factories
as they strive for profit and efficiency.
(By) getting their hands on various tasks
through volunteering and working, students
Students should participate in
are likely to accrue practical experience,
constructive activities such as
thereby becoming more mature, acquiring
travelling, volunteering and working.
better job prospects, and gaining a new
appreciation for their college degrees.
Second, since some teenagers were not
allowed to drive even when they were in need, 1. Từ nối Second, for example
they would choose to break the law regardless, 2. Cấu trúc Since (cause), (effect)
which might put other drivers in jeopardy.
For example, if a teenager needed to bring his 5. Cấu trúc if (cause), (effect)
family members to the hospital in the case
emergency, he would have no choice but to
drive, even if he was not prepared to.
METHOD 2: NHẤN MẠNH
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- To Result in = to lead to = to cause = to contribute
to smt
- Because = the (main) influence/reason/cause/
ground of smt = in response to (Bphone 2017 has
been introduced recently in response to public
pressure.
Đưa lý do bằng as thay cho because (nêu cause)
*Đây là method 3: giải thích vì mệnh đề nêu lý do
1. Cấu trúc rút ngọn Adj clause đưa ra (cause)
Students, getting their hands on various tasks through
volunteering and working, are likely to ….
>>> Getting their hands on various tasks through
volunteering and working, students are likely to
2. Thereby doing smt = therefore/ thus/hence
-> cấu trúc RESULT cho việc gì
3. Cấu trúc đồng dạng V-ing, V-ing and V-ing
3. Even nhấn mạnh trường hợp
4. Would dự đoán/ formal language
6. Even if nhấn mạnh trường hợp (kể cả khi) -> chỉ giả
định
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1. Dùng such để nhấn mạnh và liên kết câu trước vs

Such a tax would have to be a fixed amount
sau
paid equally whether you are rich or poor,
Firstly, an increase in airline taxes is 2. Which means that giải thích ý câu trên (xem
which means that those on lower incomes
not fair because it will adversely affect method 3)
would find it more difficult to travel, but it
people on lower incomes. 3. Those thay thế people của câu 1.
would likely have little effect on the lives of
4. Dùng từ but để nối câu ghép
those with higher incomes.
*have little effect on smt = no/ little influence on smt
1. So sánh 2 vế dùng although/ while
Although/while (idea 1), (idea 2)
Although mobile phone have simplified the 2. Đưa lập luận bằng ‘there is evidence that’ -> nhấn
way we communicate, there is growing mạnh vào vấn đề đưa ra
The effects on people’s lifestyles have
evidence that heavy use may affect a person’s 3. Sử dụng especially + noun + mệnh đề -> đi sâu vào
not all been positive.
brain functioning long-term, especially children chi tiết
who may use them from a young age. (idea), especially + noun + who/which/that + clause
 cấu trúc nhấn mạnh đi sâu vào chi tiết sử dụng
especially
Second, even if citizens agree to keep the
1. Even if nhấn mạnh vấn đề đc nói đến
environment the way it is, corporations,
2. Especially nhấn mạnh chi tiết vấn đề
especially in the manufacturing and mining
3. As that would…. Chỉ RESULT của vấn đề đc nói đến,
industries, would not as that would affect their
tạo độ chi tiết cho câu
profits.

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METHOD 3: GIẢI THÍCH – HOW/WHY?

Firstly, people’s lives are much more
convenient because we have devices such as Đưa luận điểm và giải thích luôn trong cùng 1 câu.
Modern technology has improved
mobile phones, which means that/ meaning
people’s lives in many ways.
that people can communicate when and where (Connective), (idea), meaning that (explanation)
they like, not just in the office or home.
Although companies claim that these food
additives are safe and they have research to Câu được phát triển ý tổng hợp từ các phân tích trên:
The main benefits of chemicals in food
support this, the research is quite possibly - Although/while
are to the companies and not to the
biased as it comes from their own companies - And để nói câu ghép
customer.
or people with connections to these - As dùng thay cho because
companies.
First, if more bridges and roads are 1. This means that – cấu trúc giải thích
This means that foreign investors, either
built to enhance transportation 2. Either or -> tăng chi tiết (dù cái này hay cái kia)
governments or corporations, will be more
throughout the country, that’s -> có thể thay bằng Regardless of sth
motivated and willing to aid those
country’s economy will almost VD: this means that foreign investors, regardless of
underdeveloped nations, even if the payback
certainly grown and not default on any financial entities, will be more motivates…
period might be long.
their foreign debt. 3. Even if -> nhấn mạnh, tăng chi tiết (kể cả khi)

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GIVING EXAMPLES (LUÔN CÓ KẾT QUẢ ĐI THEO VÍ DỤ)
People’s lives have also improved
around the home.
Many everyday practices are now
performed by machines instead of
people and this has resulted in less
need for labour.
By getting their hands on various
tasks through volunteering and
working, students are likely to accrue
practical experience, thereby
becoming more mature, acquiring
better job prospects, and gaining a
new appreciation for their college
degrees.
Evidence of this can be seen with all the machines
that are now readily available to people that save
time such as washing machines and dish washers.
For example/ In fact, in recent decades nearly all
major banks have replaced telephone operators with Hoặc có thể viết theo cách: all major banks, for
telephone switchboards that have recorded messages example, have replaced….
and all banks now have automated teller machines
(ATMs). This reduces the need for people to visit the
bank itself and has resulted in a corresponding
decrease in the need for bank staff.
A clear illustration of this is that all major banks have 5. Cấu trúc đồng dạng: this reduces… and has
replaced…
Even a blue-collar job performed in the year break
can be an excellent source of understanding how the
real world might look like after their graduation.
14
Đưa ví dụ qua cụm từ:
Evidence of this can be seen with ABC that…
A good example of this is ABC (that)…
*cấu trúc đồng dạng: that…, (and) that…
KẾT QUẢ: save
1. Đưa ví dụ bằng For example/ for instance/ in
fact,….
2. Đưa ví dụ bằng cấu trúc a clear illustration of
this is that
3. Nối 2 câu với nhau qua từ and để bổ sung ý;
chú ý cách nối này chính là nối của câu ghép
4. Dùng this thay cho điều đã nói bên trên
resulted in…
6. KẾT QUẢ: This reduces… bank staff.
1. Dùng Even để nhấn mạnh
2. Đưa ví dụ bằng cấu trúc ‘can be an excellent
example/ case/ instance/ illustration of…’
KẾT QUẢ: understanding how the real world might
look like after their graduation
- Driverless cars can be an excellent example of
advanced technology.
- Driverless cars perfectly exemplifies the
development of technology
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 15

PRACTICE EXERCISES
TOPIC SENTENCES SUPPORTING SENTENCES
There are many reasons for why temperatures are increasing.

Firstly, there are now too many cars on the roads.

Secondly, to produce energy fossil fuels such as coal and

natural gas are burned.

One of the biggest threats to the environment are air pollution.

GIVING EXAMPLES
Despite the increase in causes of global warning, there are a
number of ways people could help to lower the impact. Firstly,
more alternative and natural energy sources should be used.
Finally, governments should place laws and restrictions on
companies.
Individuals should also take responsibility for the impact they
have on the environment.

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 16

HOW TO PARAPHRASE TO GET BAND 6.5-7.5+

Sources: Practical IELTS Strategies (2017), Academic Writing (2016) & Kinh nghiệm cá nhân

TYPES OF PARAPHRASE SUGGESTED ANSWERS

AVOID REPETITIVE
Weapons (synonym)
Guns
These devices (dùng this, these, those thay cho từ cần nói đến)
Voyages of discovery (positively paraphrasing)
Space missions
Wasteful expenditures of public money (negatively paraphrasing)
Convenient devices for work and pleasure (positively paraphrasing)
Computers
Inherently unhealthy machines (negatively paraphrasing)
Such a refreshing beverage (such a/an N – cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)
Coffee
Such an addictive brew
EXERCISE:
White goods, such as fridges and washing machines are ubiquitous, but
______ also encourage laziness.
Although streaming students into advanced classes causes stress, _____ is still
best for higher level learners.
However unpleasant prisons are meant to be, _____ still need to provide
acceptable living standards.
Although smoking remains popular in society, I believe ______ should not be
tolerated.
Computers have the potential to control the entire world. ______, common in
science-fiction, may one day become true.

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 17

Khi đưa vào câu, nếu muốn nhắc lại ý đó, ta vận dụng như sau:
I support having capital punishment.
= Society should accept this penalty (dùng this/these)
= Clearly, it performs a useful role. (pronoun)
= Such execution should be supported (dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh such)
= I hope this method of dispensing justice remains for a long time. (positively paraphrasing)
I support banning dogs in cities.
= society should support this prohibition.
= Clearly, it performs a useful role. (pronoun)
= such regulation should be supported. (dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh such)
= I hope this simple rule to improve public sanitation remains for a long time. (positively paraphrasing)
CONNECT 2 SENTENCES WITH PRESENT PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Work can greatly stress children. It can also result in psychological
Work can greatly stress children, resulting in psychological problems.
problems.
 Gun enthusiasts support the right to bear weapons, claiming it can
ensure public safety.
Gun enthusiasts support the right to bear weapons. They claim it can  Claiming it can ensure public safety, gun enthusiasts support the
ensure public safety. right to bear weapons (lưu ý, gun enthusiasts là người nên có hành
đông claiming; nếu là vật thì k thể hành động, do vậy câu ‘Work
can greatly stress…’ k thể chuyển Resulting lên đầu)
 Having traditionally been without political power, women around
Women around the world, who have traditionally been without
the world are beginning to gain influence in politics and
political power, are beginning to gain influence in politics and
government. (chú ý mệnh đề rút ngọn của thì Hiện tại hoàn
government.
thành)

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 18

 Women around the world, having traditionally been without

political power, are beginning to gain influence in politics and
government.
When you enter a theater, you should turn off your cell phone. When entering a theater, you should turn off your cell phone.
 After receiving my B.A., I went to graduate school for 2 years.
After I had received my B.A, I went to graduate school for 2 years.
 Having received my B.A., I went to graduate school for 2 years.
EXERCISE:
Education is undeniably important. It is necessary for success.
Co-education inevitably creates emotional issues between students.
This results in distractions from their studies.
Computers are more prevalent. They are now used in all businesses.
I must disagree. I instead believe that strict gun control is necessary.
CHANGE INFORMAL ‘THING’
The most surprising thing was that… The most surprising feature/ point/ aspect was that…
Diligence is an essential thing for students.
Universities have many interesting things.
Pollution is a common thing in cities.

Technology is a useful thing.

Scientists need to know everything.

CHANGE “WE, THEY, I, SOME PEOPLE”
 Cities should ban cars.
We should ban cars.
 Cars should be banned (passive).

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 19

 Those who decide on traffic policy should ban cars. (structure

Those who../ Those V_ing..).
We are facing an environmental crisis.
We need to acquire knowledge.
We all need nutrition.
We naturally think first about benefiting our country.
We face a problem with crime.
Some people believe that we are destroying the environment
Although exploration of remote areas might be of great concern to
some people, scientists and thrill-seekers should still be encouraged to
study and explore there.
CHANGE “ECT”
This results in pollution, deforestation and other forms of
This results in pollution, deforestation, etc.
environmental damage.
Poverty causes unemployment, drug use, etc.
Drinking can cause fights, arguments, etc.
It will enhance bridges, electricity supply, etc.
CHANGE TO NOUN PHRASES
I think children attending school is necessary. I think school attendance/ attendance at school is necessary.
When people try to park cars in cities, they usually find it difficult.
We are living longer and longer.
This helps the economy develop.
Regulating business
Removing rubbish

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 20

Developing the economy

Revealing personal information
Abolishing capital punishment
Demolishing historic buildings
The economy may stagnate.
If we ban cars, it will reduce pollution.
Mistakes can happen with capital punishment.
If student can commit themselves to study, they will succeed.
If the ice melts even slightly, sea levels will rise significantly.
Countries need to treat their environment better.
Countries need to exploit their environment if they want their
economies to grow.
NOW LET WRITE A SHORT PARA
Bans on cars:
One reason is that it would be impractical. The cost would be too
expensive. And it is very inconvenient. For example, during rush hour,
cars certainly need to go to all roads, which includes cars in city
centers.
Another reason why city centers should not ban cars is that it would be
far too unpopular. There are many cars on the roads. We have become
heavily dependent on cars, such as taxis, trucks and so on. The number
of cars will rise every year and cars simply have to be accepted.

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 21

ANSWER PARAPHRASE
Sources: Practical IELTS Strategies (2017) & Academic Writing (2016)

TYPES OF PARAPHRASE SUGGESTED ANSWERS

AVOID REPETITIVE
Weapons (synonym)
Guns
These devices (dùng this, these, those thay cho từ cần nói đến)
Voyages of discovery (positively paraphrasing)
Space missions
Wasteful expenditures of public money (negatively paraphrasing)
Convenient devices for work and pleasure (positively paraphrasing)
Computers
Inherently unhealthy machines (negatively paraphrasing)
Such a refreshing beverage (such a/an N – cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)
Coffee
Such an addictive brew
EXERCISE:
White goods, such as fridges and washing machines are ubiquitous, but
These modern appliances
______ also encourage laziness.
Although streaming students into advanced classes causes stress, _____ is
This system/method
still best for higher level learners.
However unpleasant prisons are meant to be, _____ still need to provide
These places
acceptable living standards.
Although smoking remains popular in society, I believe ______ should not be
Such a harmful habit
tolerated.
Computers have the potential to control the entire world. ______, common
Such a farfetched concept
in science-fiction, may one day become true.

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 22

Khi đưa vào câu, nếu muốn nhắc lại ý đó, ta vận dụng như sau:
I support having capital punishment.
= Society should accept this penalty (dùng this/these)
= Clearly, it performs a useful role. (pronoun)
= Such execution should be supported (dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh such)
= I hope this method of dispensing justice remains for a long time. (positively paraphrasing)
I support banning dogs in cities.
= society should support this prohibition.
= Clearly, it performs a useful role. (pronoun)
= such regulation should be supported. (dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh such)
= I hope this simple rule to improve public sanitation remains for a long time. (positively paraphrasing)
CONNECT 2 SENTENCES WITH PRESENT PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Work can greatly stress children. It can also result in psychological
Work can greatly stress children, resulting in psychological problems.
problems.
 Gun enthusiasts support the right to bear weapons, claiming it can
ensure public safety.
Gun enthusiasts support the right to bear weapons. They claim it can  Claiming it can ensure public safety, gun enthusiasts support the
ensure public safety. right to bear weapons (lưu ý, gun enthusiasts là người nên có hành
đông claiming; nếu là vật thì k thể hành động, do vậy câu ‘Work can
greatly stress…’ k thể chuyển Resulting lên đầu)
Women around the world, who have traditionally been without  Having traditionally been without political power, women around
political power, are beginning to gain influence in politics and the world are beginning to gain influence in politics and
government. government. (chú ý mệnh đề rút ngọn của thì Hiện tại hoàn thành)

Written by Vu Hai Ryan

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When you enter a theater, you should turn off your cell phone.
After I had received my B.A, I went to graduate school for 2 years.
EXERCISE:
Education is undeniably important. It is necessary for success.
Co-education inevitably creates emotional issues between students.
This results in distractions from their studies.
Computers are more prevalent. They are now used in all businesses.
I must disagree. I instead believe that strict gun control is necessary.
CHANGE INFORMAL ‘THING’
The most surprising thing was that…
Diligence is an essential thing for students.
Universities have many interesting things.
Pollution is a common thing in cities.
Technology is a useful thing.
Scientists need to know everything.
CHANGE “WE, THEY, I, SOME PEOPLE”
We should ban cars.
23
 Women around the world, having traditionally been without
political power, are beginning to gain influence in politics and
government.
When entering a theater, you should turn off your cell phone.
 After receiving my B.A., I went to graduate school for 2 years.
 Having received my B.A., I went to graduate school for 2 years.
Education is undeniably important, being necessary for success.
Co-education inevitably creates emotional issues between students,
resulting in distractions from their studies.
Computers are more prevalent, being now used in all businesses.
I must disagree, instead believing that strict gun control is necessary.
The most surprising feature/ point/ aspect was that…
Diligence is an essential attribute for students.
Universities have many interesting features/characteristics.
Pollution is a common feature/characteristic in cities.
Technology is very useful.
Scientists need to know all the facts/details.
 Cities should ban cars.
 Cars should be banned (passive).
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We are facing an environmental crisis.
We need to acquire knowledge.
We all need nutrition.
We naturally think first about benefiting our country.
We face a problem with crime.
Some people believe that we are destroying the environment
Although exploration of remote areas might be of great concern to
some people, scientists and thrill-seekers should still be encouraged to environmental activists, scientists and thrill-seekers should still be
study and explore there.
CHANGE “ECT”
This results in pollution, deforestation, etc.
Poverty causes unemployment, drug use, etc.
Drinking can cause fights, arguments, etc.
It will enhance bridges, electricity supply, etc.
CHANGE TO NOUN PHRASES
I think children attending school is necessary.
When people try to park cars in cities, they usually find it difficult.
We are living longer and longer.
This helps the economy develop.
24
 Those who decide on traffic policy should ban cars. (structure
Those who../ Those V_ing..).
The world/ Society is facing an environmental crisis.
Students need to acquire knowledge.
Living organisms all need nutrition.
Governments naturally think first about benefiting our country.
Society faces a problem with crime.
Environmental scientists and activists believe that humans are ….
Although exploration of remote areas might be of great concern to
encouraged to study and explore there.
This results in pollution, deforestation and other forms of
environmental damage.
Poverty causes unemployment, drug use and other social problems.
Drinking can cause fights, arguments and other forms of domestic
violence.
It will enhance bridges, electricity supply and other parts of city
infrastructure.
I think school attendance/ attendance at school is necessary.
Parking cars in cities is usually difficult.
Life expectancy is steadily increasing.
Economic development will inevitably follow.
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Regulating business
Removing rubbish
Developing the economy
Revealing personal information
Abolishing capital punishment
Demolishing historic buildings
The economy may stagnate.
If we ban cars, it will reduce pollution.
Mistakes can happen with capital punishment.
If student can commit themselves to study, they will succeed.
If the ice melts even slightly, sea levels will rise significantly.
Countries need to treat their environment better.
Countries need to exploit their environment if they want their
economies to grow.
NOW LET WRITE A SHORT PARA
Bans on cars:
One reason is that it would be impractical. The cost would be too expensive.
And it is very inconvenient. For example, during rush hour, cars certainly
need to go to all roads, which includes cars in city centers.
Another reason why city centers should not ban cars is that it would be far
too unpopular. There are many cars on the roads. We have become heavily
dependent on cars, such as taxis, trucks and so on. The number of cars will
rise every year and cars simply have to be accepted.
25
The regulation of business
The removal of rubbish/ rubbish removal
Economic development
The revelation of personal information
The abolition of capital punishment
The demolition of historic buildings
Economic stagnation may result.
A ban on cars will lead to a reduction of pollution.
Capital punishment introduces the possibility of mistakes.
Commitment to study usually leads to success.
Even a slight melting of ice will lead to a significant rise in sea levels.
A better treatment of the environment is needed.
Some exploitation of the environment is necessary for countries’
economic growth.
One reason is that it would be impractical. The cost would be prohibitive and
the inconvenience would be considerable. For example, during rush hour,
cars certainly need freer access to all roads, which includes those in city
centers
Another reason why central areas should not ban cars is that it would be far
too unpopular. There are many vehicles on the roads. Society has become
heavily dependent on automobiles, such as taxis, trucks and other forms of
transport. Their numbers will rise every year so there is no choice apart from
acceptance.
Written by Vu Hai Ryan
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 26

Written by Vu Hai Ryan

https://www.facebook.com/easyieltsvoiryan/