How was Hitler able to become Chancellor in January 1933?

Summary  

Hitler's rise to power was based upon long-term factors - resentment in the
German people, the weakness of the Weimar system - which he exploited through
propaganda (paid for by his rich, Communist-fearing backers), the terror of his
storm troopers, and the brilliance of his speeches.

During the 'roaring twenties' Germans ignored this vicious little man with his
programme of hatred.   But when the Great Depression ruined their lives, they
voted for him in increasing numbers.   Needing support, and thinking he could
control Hitler, President Hindenburg made the mistake in January 1933 of giving
Hitler the post of Chancellor.   
   
Why did Hitler come to power? Source A

All the following were present from the 1920s:

1. Long-term bitterness
Deep anger about the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles created an
underlying bitterness to which Hitler’s viciousness and expansionism
appealed, so they gave him support.

2.     Ineffective Constitution

Weaknesses in the Constitution crippled the government. In fact, there
were many people in Germany who wanted a return to dictatorship. When
the crisis came in 1929–1933 – there was no one who was prepared or able
to fight to stop Hitler. This poster of 1932 says:
‘Hitler – our last hope’
3. Money
The financial support of wealthy businessmen gave Hitler the money to run Source B
his propaganda and election campaigns. [Hitler's policies] were ha
baked, racist clap-trap...
4. Propaganda among the jumble of
Nazi propaganda persuaded the German masses to believe that the Jews hysterical ideas Hitler
were to blame and that Hitler was their last hope. showed a sure sense of h
to appeal to the lowest
5.     Programme instincts of frightened
Hitler promised everybody something, so they supported him. masses.
Tony Howarth, a mod
6.     Attacks on other parties histor
The Stormtroopers attacked Jews and people who opposed Hitler. Many
 
opponents kept quiet simply because they were scared of being murdered –
 and, if they were, the judges simply let the Stormtroopers go free (see point
2). Source C
He was holding the mass
7.     Personal Qualities and me with them, unde
Hitler was a brilliant speaker, and his eyes had a peculiar power over people. an hypnotic spell by the
He was a good organiser and politician. He was a driven, unstable man, who sheer force of his beliefs.
believed that he had been called by God to become dictator of Germany and His words were like a wh
rule the world. This kept him going when other people might have given up. When he spoke of the
His self-belief persuaded people to believe in him. disgrace of Germany, I fe
   ready to attack any enem
Source G Karl Ludecke, an e
Hitler’s financiers follower of Hitler (19
Many industrials bankrolled the Nazis, including allegedly:
     
·         Hjalmar Schacht, Head of the Reichsbank, organised fund-raising parties for
Source D
Hitler.
Of course, I was ripe for t
·         Fritz von Thyssen, the German steel businessman
experience. I was a man
·         Alfred Krupp, the owner of Krupp steel firm
32, weary with disgust an
·         Emil Kirdorf, the coal businessman
disillusionment, a wande
·         IG Faben, the German chemicals firm, gave half the funds for the 1933
seeking a cause, patriot
elections
seeking an outlet for his
·         The German car firm Opel (a subsidiary of General Motors)
patriotism.
·         Schroeder Bank – on Jan. 3, 1933, Reinhard Schroeder met Hitler and asked
Karl Ludecke (19
him to form a government.
    
And many foreign firms including: Source E
·         Henry Ford of Ford Motors. Hitler borrowed passages from Ford's book The There were simply not
International Jew to use in Mein Kampf and had a picture of Ford on the wall of his enough Germans who
office. believed in democracy an
·         Union Banking Corporation, New York (George Bush’s great-grandfather was individual freedom to sav
president of the Corporation) the Weimar republic.
·         WA Harriman and Co., the American shipping and railway company (George Written by the mod
Bush’s grandfather was vice-president) historian S Willia
·         Irenee du Pont, head of the American firm General Motors; he advocated the   
creation of a super-race by spinal injections to enhance children of ‘pure’ blood. Source F

SA men stop people goin

into a Jewish shop.
   
After 1929, however, two short-term factors brought Hitler to power:   
     
8.     Economic Depression Source H
After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the US called in its loans to Germany, Number of Unemployed
and the German economy collapsed. The Number of unemployed grew; 1928 2 million
people starved on the streets. In the crisis, people wanted someone to 1929 2.5 million
blame, and looked to extreme solutions – Hitler offered them both, and Nazi 1930 3 million
success in the elections grew. 1931 5 million
Germans turned to Nazism because they were desperate. The number of 1932 6 million
Nazi seats in the Reichstag rose from 12 in 1928 to 230 in July 1932. Draw a graph to show the
number of unemployed
9. Recruited by Hindenburg AND the Nazis' electoral
In November 1932 elections the Nazis again failed to get a majority of seats fortunes, 1928–1932.
in the Reichstag. Their share of the vote fell – from 230 seats to only 196. What connection do you
Hitler contemplated suicide. But then he was rescued by Hindenburg. notice?
Franz von Papen (a friend of Hindenburg) was Chancellor, but he could not  
get enough support in the Reichstag. Hindenburg and von Papen were  
having to govern by emergency decree under Article 48 of the Constitution.
They offered Hitler the post of vice-Chancellor if he promised to support
them.
Hitler refused – he demanded to be made Chancellor. So Von Papen and
Hindenburg took a risk. On 30 January 1933 Hindenburg made Hitler
Chancellor. He thought he could control Hitler – how wrong he was.
In the end, Hitler did not TAKE power at all – he was given it.