Sanitary laboratory

Test No.1
Temperature of water

The impact of changes of temperature on the water: -

1- Physical characteristics or natural characteristics: -
The change in temperature of water affects natural characteristics of
water as density, surface tension, solubility of gases in water as oxygen,
these characteristics are decrease by increasing temperature of water
except water evaporation is increases by increasing the temperature of
water.

2- Chemical characteristics
Mean of chemical reactions are increasing by increases the temperature
each 10 °C.

3- Biological effects: -
A. No. of bacteria is decreasing by temperature increasing.

B. If T˃ 35 °C some fishes cannot live in that source of water.

C. Self-purification is lessening by increasing the temperature because of

decreasing oxygen concentration in water body.

Methods of measurement
Temperature of water is measured by thermometer which is measures it
by Centigrade (°C), or Fahrenheit (F) or Kelvin (K). the relationship
between them are as below equations: -

𝑲 = 𝑪 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝑪 = 𝑲 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑

(𝑭−𝟑𝟐)
𝑪= or 𝑭 = (𝑪 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟖) + 𝟑
𝟏.𝟖

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Sanitary laboratory

The standards:
(Iraqi and EPA* standards)

1. For drinkable water temperature must be between (4-10) °C and

Maximum allowable is 15°C.
2. The waste water that discharged to water sources must be less than
35°C, while waste water discharged to common sewages must be ≤
45°C.

*EPA: Environmental Protection Agency