558 1. Ade. motor is used to (0 generate power (ii) change mechanical energy to electrical energy (iti) change electrical energy to mechanical energy (iv) increase energy output into it 2. A de. motor is still used in industrial applications because it... (0 is cheap (ii) is simple in construction (iii) provides fine speed control (i) none of the above 3. Carbon brushes are preferable to copper brushes because ... in (0 they have longer life (ii) they reduce armature reaction (iti) they have lower resistance (iv) they reduce sparking 4. The field poles and armature of a dc. machine are laminated 10... (i) reduce the weight of the machine (ii) decréase the speed (iti) reduce eddy currents (iv) reduce armature reaction 5. The back em-f. in a dc. motor... (0 opposes the applied voltage (ii) aids the applied voltage (iti) aids the armature current (iv) none of the above 6. The value of back emf. (E,)-in a dec: motor is maximum at os (@ no-load (i) fall-load (iii) half full-load (iv) none ofthe above 7. The motor equation is given by... . OV=E-I,R, OV =E,+1,R, (iii) E, =1,R,-V (iv) noneoftheabove ig. 18.33 shows the dc, shunt motor on no-load. The quantity £,/, represents 8. Objective Electrical Technology Objective Questions (i input power to armature Gi) copper losses in armatury (Gii) core losses (iv) total fFition, windage andy, 1 hy ( mechanical output of motor (ii) core losses (ili) all losses (iv) friction and windage losses 10. The mechanical power developed inaie motor is maximum when back emé (6) is equal to _ the applied ving Y, (0 twice (ii) half (iti) one-third (iv) none ofthese LL. When the speed of a d.c. motor ince its armature current nn (O increases (ii) decreases (iii) remains constant (jv) none ofthes** 12, The amount of back emf. of # sa! motor will increase when (Othe load is increased (ii) the field is weakened (iii) the field is strengthened (i) none of the above 13. The speed of a d.c. motor i8 =" ( directly proportional to Hux Fe (ii) inversely proportional to flux P*?. (iit) inversely proportional o apple? age (#) none of the above (i) nor 18, Inade the me opposi de (ii) re () pr 1 In ve heavy corre @ w (i) ti (iy gl ) 9 . The call Oe (w (uy (wy 2%, aa—— sjoped by a dc. m tonal 0 wer 9 armature current ,e applied voltage jotor is | re esis re esitance armature Curent c og tre above 7) in a dc. motor is oe pe ( for gure torque (T,) because ‘ rem i" Gi field losses 0° a friction losses of te above jpn he got the aa Stn Hd cent mereases ip byinerples ir grepet tothe direction of rotation, taps on a de. motor must have the soepolity as the main poles .-. jaded ofthem (i) behind them {me ofthe above \ rude motor, the brushes are shifted from ‘emechanical neutral plane in a direction asi to the rotation to (j rease speed (if) increase speed (i) ince sparking e Produce flat characteristics Ivy large dic, motors with severe ‘ay duty, armature reaction effects are etd by 4 = interpotes only Bere ompeusiory windings im addi- siting oes Aja te beh poston Vat he above TS Tosse5 ature current increases ure current decreases id presents nade, £. E,) voltage e above reases, » above shunt r pole hig Sau ‘yall iy te compounded ts Site Bag ly compounded DC. Motors = 559 ~- Motor is variable speed motor. (i) Comatvey compet (®) Differentially compounded 22. The most commonly used method of speed control of a d.e. motor is by varying 21. @ Series (voltage applied to the motor Gi) field strength (iii) effective number of conductors in series (iv) armature circuit resistance 23. ‘The running speed of a dc. series motor is basically determined by .... (D field excitation (ii) load (ii) armature resistance (iv) none of the above 24. After a shunt motor is up to speed, the speed may be increased considerably by ( increasing field circuit resistance (ii) decreasing field circuit resistance (ii) increasing armature circuit resistance (iv) reducing the load 2. _. motor has the best speed regula- tion. (0 Series (ii) Cumulatively compounded (iii) Shunt (iv) Differentially compounded 26. The deciding factor in the selection of @ die, motor for a particular application is | fis -evnnnneee Characteristic. (i) speed-torque (ii) speed-armature current | (ii) torque-armature current (iv) none of the above | i 27, Tie demand for 2 large ineease in foraue ; ofa de. shunt motor is met by @ (a large decrease in speed (Gi) large increase in speed I (ii) large inerease 1m current (iv) small iner ease in current nt ah,562 = Objective El 1120 W (i) 1550 W (ii) 1775 W () 1140 W 60, In Q.°57, what is the armature torque? @ 212 Nm (i) 176 Nm (iit) 192 Nm (iv) 242 Nm 61. In Q. 57, what is the lost torque ? @ Nm (ii) 19 Nm (ii) 22. Nm (iv) 34.Nm 62. In Q. 57, what is the shaft torque ? () 122 Nm @ 211 Nm (ii) 164 Nm () 173 Nm 63. A do. shunt motor takes 5A at 100 V when running light. Shunt field resistance is 50 © and armature resistance is 0.2 Q. What is the driving power 2 @42W (i) 298 W (ii) 305 W (iv) 204. W 64. In the above question, iron and friction losses are () 298 W (i) 305 W (ii) 206 W (wv) 102 W 65. A220 V de. series motor is taking’a cur- rent of 40 A. Resistance of armature = 0.5 Q and resistance of series field = 0.25 Q. What is the voltage at the brushes ? @ 190 Vv (i) 210V (iii) 1890 V (iv) none ofthe above 66. In Q. 65, what is the back e.m.£? @ 170 (i) 210 V (ii) 190 V (iv) none of the above 67. A dec. shunt motor is taking 84 A at 100 V and developing 9 b.h.p. Armature resis- tance = 0.05 Q and shunt field resistance = 25 ©. The copper loss is @ 61s W (.512 W (i) 834 W () 720 W 68. In Q. 67, iron and frictional loss is @ 5 Ww (i) 966 W (iif) 1012 W (i) 1260 w 69. In Q. 67, what is the overall efficiency () 80% (i) 65% (ii) 2% (iv) 69% 70. A220 V series motor takes ‘A-and runs at 500 rpm, tance = 0.25 © and series ay = 0.3 Q. If iron and fricti, nn to 600 W, what is the arma tre () 122.5 Nm (i) ee (ii) 134. Nm ©) UT yg" 71. In Q.70, what is the shag () 134.Nm @ nsx (ii) 117 Nm () Done 72, In Q. 70, what is the overa eg () 1.4% i 6934, (ii) 83.4% (i) 91% 73. The armature torque of a de, ning at 800 rp.m. is 993 Nea in torque is 933 Nm. The iron ang losses are ™ (9 502 W (ii) 400w (ii) 200. W () 300W 74. A 4-pole, 250 V series motor has a connected armature with 1254 conduim, The flux per pole is 22 mWb whe & motor is taking 50 A. Tron and fitz losses amount to 1000 W. Ametue sistance = 0.2 © ; series field restax = 0.2 Q. What is the speed of the mi! @ 200 rpm. (i) 225 rpm (iii) 175 rpm. (iv) 250 rpm 78. In the above question, what is the thy! (@® 14.08 (ii) 21.67 (iii) 9.48 (iv) U2 76. In Q. 74, what is the shaft torque? @ 300 Nm (ii, 400 Nm (iii) 200 Nm (iv) 250 Nm 77. In Q 74, what is the overall eftet? @ 74% (ii) 89% iit) 84% (i) 7% os 78. Which motor should not be used trifugal pumps? () shunt (ii) series (iii) cumulative compound (®) differential compoundb wave. luctors, ren the friction ure re- istance motor? bhp? ency? r cen P “qoters are mechanically ate sine 8 F035 a mote j On8 Ms a generator. The iron a ais es of the machines wil even pet gs are identical 400 and excitations are identi- yi lags are equal and back emf. nes ne supply voltage. se s and armature sizes are 0 0 e vot motor runs at SOO P.M. at un ance of 45 © is added in seth armatuce for speed control. i I sistance is 0.5 ©. The cure 1 otor is al the 1 : (i) SOA 6 i (iv) 304, Apt vtage to 2 dc. machine Ei then back e.m. f. for maximum se ee pov (i) 230V sy (i) 460 V anutue resistance of & 6-pole lap ve lemertor is 0.05 ©. If the armature Pawnnd using a wave winding, the mae resistance will be paisa (i) 0.12 oo (iv) 045 0 aes EAM V de, machine has an armature | site of 1 Q. Ifthe full-load current 10, then difference in the induced Iige when the machine is running as Avior and as a generator is. ony Gov i (jw) 50V 6 motor runs at 1725 rpm. at full- Salmi 1775 xpm. at no-load. The speed alain is Hany, lip, (ii) 2.9% 4 he ee (iv) 1.5% i Motor, the connections of the ‘ryt Well as shunt field winding E824, Then, “se D.C. Motors_m 563 direction of rotation is reversed (the dire changeg On °F ftation remains un Gd the motor will not work (@) the moto tor will run er at dangerously high “ Ale $00V shunt motor has 720 wave- full-loag ccaiton on ts armature. The har oe eins oument e604 and pian in le is 0.03 Wb. The armature ince is 0.2 Q and the contact drop Per brush is 1 V. What is the back exm.f.? @ 352V (i) 408 V Gi) 474.V (iv) 486 V 87. In the above question, what is the full-load speed of the motor ? (@ 675 rpm. (ji) 522 epm. (iii) 484 rpm, (i) $76 rpm. The armature of a 4-pole shunt motor has a lap winding accommodated in 60 slots, each containing 20 conductors. If the use- ful flux per pole is 23 mWb, the armature torque developed when the armature cur- rent is 50 A is .... ( 176 Nm (i) 192 Nm (iii) 256 Nm (iv) 218 Nm The armature of a 6-pole, 6 circuit shunt motor takes 400 A at a speed of 350 p.m. ‘The flux per pole is 80 mWb, the number of armature tums is 600 and 3% of the torque is lost in windage, friction and iron osses. The brake horsepower is () 112 hp. (ii) 195 hp. (iii) 291 bp. (iv) 256 hp. 40, Calculate the mean foree on each conduc- tor of a 440 V, 14-pole shunt motor with tap-connected armature winding when running at 100 rpm. and taking @ Current wy 1550 A. Each conductor has an active ‘of 3m and the armature diameter ‘The total gap, flux per pole is the mean flux density in the 86. 88. 89. length js 130 em.119, The only disadvantage of field control method for controlling the speed of a dic. shunt motor is that it (0 gives speeds lower than the normal speed (i) is wasteful (iii) needs a large rheostat (iv) adversely affects commutation 120, The theostatie speed control method is very ( economical (ii) efficient (iii) unsuitable for rapidly changing loads (iv) suitable for getting speeds above the normal 121, In electromechanical conversion devices (eg. generators and motors), a small ait gap is left between the stator and the rotor in order to ( permit mechanical clearance (ii) increase flux density in air gap (iii) avoid saturation of field (iv) reduce reluctance of magnetic circuit 122.’ The current drawn by a 220 V dc. motor of armature resistance 0.5 Q and back emf, 200 V is 444 (i) 40.4 (iif) 400 A (iv) 440A A 220 V d.c. machine has an armature resistance of 1 Q. If the load current is 20 A, the difference in the induced voltages when the machine is running as a motor and as a generator is (0) zero (ii) 40 V (i) 20 (iv) 50V 124, What is the increase in torque expressed as @ percentage of the initial torque if the current drawn by a dc. series motor i is increased from 10 A to 12 A saturation)? ( 21% (ii) 44% 1 (iit) 25% (i) 41% 125, A220 V shunt motor develops a torque of 54 Nm at an armature curre (neglect Objective Electrical Technology current is 20 A is (9 108 Nm soy, (iii) 81 Nm wy) lay, 126, With the increase in speeg ¢-™ — (i both ba tae both back emf. and fing ty GG both back emt and jee crease oa, (iii) back em. falls and creases MF iy (@) back eam. increases an decreases “a 127, If the back em. ina de ma Le. mag suddenly, the motor will "i, () run at very high speed (ii) nun at very slow speed (iti) have winding burt (iv) not run at all 128, The output power of any ele is taken from the (armature (ii) fila (iii) frame of the motor (iv) coupling mounted on the shat 129, The efficiency of a de. motor wes veloping maximum mechanical ove be () 100% (ii) 50% (ii) less than 50% — (jv) more thn 130. Ina d.c. series motor, if armature cunt is reduced to 70% of its original w the torque of the motor will be wis by (i) 51% (i) 4% (iit) 50% (1% 131, A d.c. shunt motor runs at 500 aed 220 V. A resistance of 4.5 28 oa series with the armature for speed The armature resistance is 0.5 9 ™ rent to stall the motor will be (S04 (i 4A (itt) 60 A (ay a8 32, A dae. series motor is running 8 sil Speed without any additional °°) series. If an additional resistan®?* in series, the speed of motor ical na rent of 10, A. The torque developed when the armature ' ase (@ increases (i) deer “i 1 —~ sem i ‘nn save?i ME Curren, i Md ling cur, t Motor Vanish, Cctrical moto, Id > shaft tor when de. al power will € than 50% tire current ginal value, be reduced )0 rpm. al is added in 1d control 2. The cur — (jv) none ofthe above s tor us mo! 5 ol bah ‘and magnetic flux of a 1) jo uid constant and voltage Hot 8 ps armature is increased TE 8 tr Wi sf pe seed of he motor wl ; [Answers to Obje 1 Gi) 3. @) 1@ 1 @ 8. (vy) (0, wi 13. Wi) 10 1. @ 18. (iii) 40 ». (i 23. (ii) 0 27. (iii) . x0 a) 33. @) DF 38. ra) an 43. (iii) 4 a 4. @® 48. (i) er) ae eS 58. () a 63. aw) 67. @) a 1) 72, (iii) 7330) 1° 7, Gi) 78. @ ti) §, a Kh) oan @ ae ( 92. (iv) 93. (i) XO on wy pene 66 mo 103, @) : ® 07, @ Bw 4 12. @ a 4 ) 1.) pb fm, @ @, May 2 (wv) 4 127, (iii) af 132, (id ee (9 inerease 138. Speed control by variation of field flux results in © Variable power drive (constant torque drive (HD) Variable torque drive (H) constant power drive by 59% (1 decrease by 50% (GD remain unaltered (®) depend on other factors D.C. Motors_m 567 5. @ 10. (ii) 15. (ii) 20. ) 25. (iii) 30. (iv) 35, (iv) 40. (ili) 45. 50, (ii) 55. (ili) 60. (iii) 65. (ii) 70. (iii) 5. 80. @ 85. (ii) 90.) 95. (i) 100. @ 105. (ii) 10. (i 5. @ 120. (iii) 125. @ 130. 135. @)wy icrease by 59% Gi) decrease by 594 (ii) remain unaltered. (®) depend on o 135. Speed control by ther factors Y Variation of field flux ( variable power drive (constant torque drive (iii) variable torque dtive (@) constant power drive (ii) @ ). (ii) 3) . (iv) |. (iii) . (ii) (iv) . i) . (ii) . (ii) . . |. (iv) . (ii) . (ii) . (ili) . . . (iii) . (iii) . (ii) . (iv) . i) ), (iii) . STEN Fm ye machine at no-load is not 162 in Z ne ae orm 1 nt motor ing «te. (0 ion motor Ne q Dy j ne va (series motor results in Ure Yi ghronous motor > ine gS fw” joad current and magnetic flux of |g feet are held constant and voltage Ting” | Pe tt os its armature is increased "ey | | sh, the speed of the motor will tor y, ty Miche, Answers to Obje 1 @ 2. (ity 3.) . 60 7. (i) 8. (iv) 9. i : ii . i 4, “tri (i 12. (iii) 13. (i) 1 “a met i 0 17. (i) 18. (iii) 19, | nO 22. (ii) 23. (ii) 24, 6 @ 27. (iii) 28. (ii) 29. a nO 32. @ 3. 0 34 poe | yo 31 38. © », Pe 4. @ 42. (iv) 43, (iii) 44. 4, (ii) 41. @ 48. (ii) 49, than 50% 31, (ii) 52. (iv) 53, @ 54, pe Cure %, (i) 57. (i) 58. (iv) 59. al value a. (i) 62. (i) 63. 64, Feducat 66, (iti) 67. (iv) 68. (ii) 69. 1 (ii) 72. (iii) 2B. @ 14. %6, (ii) 77. (iii) 78. (ii) 19. -pam. at 81, (ii) 82. (iv) 83. wi) a dded in 86, (iv) 87. @ 88, a) i control 0 92. (wv) 93. @ he oor %6 97, (iti) 98, () 2 Ta. (ia 102. @) 103, (iv) ie 106, (i 107. (iv) 108. o td ted Mo) a2. @ 13. O “th a M6. (iy 117. @) 118. (ii) nee I ‘ a) 124, 21. (9) 122, Gi) 123. i 16: ( (iv) 129. a) 127. (ii) 128. &) mh BL ia 132, (i) 133. (i) 105. 110. 115. 120. 125. 130. 135.568 = Objective Electrical Technology mney its to Selected Objective Questions 2 Gm Potent reason forthe widespesd se Of Ge. motos in indosy i ga can be changed over a wide range by simple methods. Such a fine spe” Possible with a.c. motors. ~~? 3. Since the contact resistance of carbon brushes is very high, sparking can be prevented. “yy 8. At no-load, there is no output. Consequently, the entire power developed i is used up in overcoming friction, windage and core losses, fe, 9. At no-load, there is no output. Consequently, the motor input (VL) ig al overcome the losses, yy nn. Yok R, If the speed of the d.c. motor increases, then the back emf. E,(= PO Dig, increases. It is clear ftom the above equation that armature curent (7) yay 04% 13. Ne LR ° It is clear that speed (N) of a d.c. motor is inversely proportional to fux per ee 15. The total torque developed in the armature is not available at the shaft as some of it is used up in overcoming mechanical losses (friction and iron lose, PH motor. 19. Some large d.c. motors employed in stee! mills perform a series of heavy-duty open They accelerate, decelerate, siop, reverse all in a matter of seconds, The comsyaiy armature Current increases, decreases, reverses in stepwise fashion, producing vey si changes in armature reaction. For such motors, interpoles do not adequately nami the armature m.m-f. To eliminate this problem, additional compensating wisd=pz connected in series with the armature. They are distributed in slots, cut ino Sexé faces of the main field poles. Like interpoles, these windings produce an mai at and opposite to the m.m-f. of the armature. 22. The fact that the speed of a d.c. motor varies with field excitation provides 2 ome means for controlling the speed of shunt and compound motors. a 27. For a dc. motor, T, « 6/,. But in a shunt motor, § is practically consast = # T, « I, If torque is doubled, armature current is also doubled 60. Ammann 28. D.C. series motors exert largest torque at low speeds decreases, they automatically raise the speed. 4 81. The wh 29. Ina de. series motor, flux per pole depends upon the armature current. If de be decreased, armature current and flux per pole are decreased. Consequesth , Se the motor increases. If the load is small, the speed may rise to dangerously hi" For this reason, we never permit a dee. series motor to operate on no-load 31, When the load from a cumulatively compounded motor is almost entirely F220" shunt winding field prevents the speed from rising above a safe value. 33. Ina dc. motor, T, x 6 I. At first (ie., at Starting), 6 x J, ina series dc. Bowe T, « F, Consequently, starting torque is very highD.C. Motors_m 569 ‘un on no-load. The flux drops to mein fax drops pe dangerously high, For this reason @ iW ly connected fo the shaft or geared oO jpecidentally broken, the motor will n ihe motor speed may be ie ‘and th ay See er is used only where load is diy ee 4 shal: 7 series moto a VE Af etre cle ees Ha fos more slowly. 1e ay ate bel series motor and a shunt motor. This motor is ang Hei aracteristicis desired bot the load may be imost ene aes nel sets Memmpressors, elevators and reciprocating tools Tight loads are lifted quickly and | Al sea, oe shears, 7 7 ee yen the armature is stationary, n ite Y, no counter em.f. is being generated: .. starting current is Y/R, where V is the applied voltage and R, is the AF equ e cara suanee, Since Ris very sal about 1 o 0), the staring cuent wil Zr iy hi vill go) so wee = 7146x1000 w, erease” yori NEE "0.85 7.461000 » sponiapt curent = “Gasscqgg ~ 1995 A spate OL 49200 = 2.2 As Ta = 19.95 22 = 11.75. A ose) V = 1, Ry = 440 ~ 17.75 x 0.8 = 4258 V « 1.25 A; I, = 20 - 1.25 = 18.75 A Y operations 50 - 18.75 x 0.3 = 244 V 444; 1,= 80-445 75.64 orresponding 20 - 75.6 x 0.1 = 212.44 V very sudden ly neutral ndings ag 12.44 x 75.6 = 16050 W ito the pole Output power = Driving power ~ Iron and fiition losses n-m.f. equal = 16050 — 1600 = 14450 W _ 14450 _ 4 convenient bhp. = Sag = 1937 % Input power = 220 x 80 = 17600 w woot Copper losses = Input power ~ driving power = 17600 ~ 16050 = 1550 W s the load Amature torque, T, = 28s Fl a 192 Nm ne toad is 6. Th whole of armature torque (,) is not available for doing useful work; a certain part | \ , speed of being required to overcome the-iron and friction losses. aw | i ‘and friction losses 1600 = 19 Nm | i zh values. Lost torque = 9.58 onand Eicon 9355x4600. = 19. Nm | 192 — 19 = 173 Nm Hi & Shaft torque, 7,, = T, — Lost torque ~ , 8 1,= 100150 DAL =5- 3A; y= VaR 100-3 x 02 = 994 V so that Driving power = E, 1, = 99.4 * 3 = 298 w i . a g ~ W. yi Output is zero. Therefore, iron and friction losses = driving power 298 V (it = 720 — 40 x 0.25 = 210V Wa . Voltage at brushes = 220 - Iq Ree |Motor resistance, R, = 220 - 40 x 0.75 = 190 “ Back emf, Ey = V1, Rm = 2! - 80 A 1. I= 10025 = 4A; I, = 84- — Booey + ER, = 100 «4 + (BOF % 095 = 400+ 320 = 729 y, se 7 B, = V =I, Ry = 100 ~ 80 x 0.05 = 100 ~ 4 ~ 96) . » Ia Ro : Driving power = E, 1, = 96 x 80 = 7680 W Le Power = 9 x 746 _ Sy Iron and frictional loss = 7680 — 6714 = 96 rig Output 99 = 2X746 199 = 80% 69, Overall = So x10) = 90 84 70. Motor resistance, R, = 0.25 + 0.3 = 0.55 2; B= V—J,R, = 229 _ 5 a = 200.75 V a 200.7535 _ 14, Armature torque, , Se = 134 Nm Iron and friction loss 1. Lost torque 9.55x: 55x 600 1.5 Nn N 500 Shaft torque, 7, = T, — lost torque = 134 ~ 11.5 = 122.5 Nm 72. Input power = 220 x 35 = 7700 W ; Cu loss = F, R,, = (35)? x 0.55 = 673.15 y Total losses 573.75 + 600 = 1273.75 W Output power = 7700 - 1273.75 = 6426.25 Ww Overall efficiency = Output power 194 _ 22825 100 = 83.4% Input power 2B. Lost torque = T, - T,, = 99.3 - 93.3 = 6 Nm Also, Lost torque = 9,55 Hon-and fietion loss . 6x800 ++ Iron and fiction loss = $%800 _ soy w, ron and fiction loss = $2800 — 599 wy 74, &E, V~ Iq (Ba * Ry) = 250 ~ 50 (0.2 + 0.2) = 230 V oZN(P = 22x10 x125. 0 [4 | oF 230= SO SN x4 “N= 250 rp.m. 75. Driving power = £, 1, = 230 x 50 = 11500 w | Output power = Driving power ~ Iron and friction loss = 11500 ~ 1000 = 10500 w = 10500 hp. = 14.08 hp 7. 16. Output power = 2NTy OF 14.08 x 746 = 2RX250%7y. =a! 60 > 7. Overall efficiency. = Output power e = 10500 " Input power * 100 = 250xs0 * 100 = 84% 0. We can stall the motor (ie, reduce its 5 io on the shaft. When the motor is stated, ore? (0 77) by putting more and mat LE,=0, I= —220 43405 =44 ical Technology _ a y 2 = R, + Re = 05 + 0.25 = 0.75.2 ea yw 90. on,4; resistance of each path = 6 x 0.95 =o) D.C. Motors = 571. - Q. “at : we aes there will be two paths, each of NF mature resistance = 0.972 =0.45 ¢) % TSNsanee — 3 x 03 = 0.9 0 i mea motor: E, = V—~1R,= 220 ~ 20 x 200 Vv 720 w a erator: Ey = V+IR, = 59 - = 240 % Vy § °F frerence = Ey — E, = 240 — 200 = 40 v x No-N, regulation = —2—SAL 99 1775-1725 i; speed 1 ru 0 = TS > 100 = 2.9% _ yc ly Bo bash op = 500 = 60 x 02 ~2 = 486 v 4 0.03%720xN (4 P = 9.03%720%N. £9" ZF oF 486 a (3) © N=675 rpm. wh s = Total mechanical power developed = E, \ Nm | it 673.7: i sw FE Fer BHA 602204450 =218 Nm il . nl metacal power developed in the armature = Fy J, sone 3% power is lost in windage, friction and iron losses, echnical power available at the shaft = = |(QZN\P | Ey 1, x 0.97 (( Zo bE |x 1x0.97 j | __ [( 80x107 x(600x2)x350 |, 6 |, 4000.97 I 60 6 : | =2.17x 10° W | = 21710 ~ 291 hp. | bhp. = Tag P Wh sloued armature, the mean force F,, on each conductor is on = BIl Hee B= 0.05 Whim’; 1 = current in each conductor = 1550/4 = 1550/14 = 400 Nm 1 = 33 cm = 0.33 m F, = 0.05%1332x0.33 = 1? N 4, With unsotted arid smooth armature, the mean force on each conductor is nore oa Fy = Bay I! 3 _"70x107 x14 = 9.795 Wim? en Total = x 3x03 : Bay = Sarface area of armature Fe o.7asxl5SPx0 33 =265N572 m Objective Electrical Technology a “ up power = 1OOKTES = y igt yy 92. Input power, Y= 162A; 1, - KH = 500 Input current = Ry ~ 250 24 Armature current 160 A Back ems, Ey = V~ 1, Ry = 500 ~ 160 x 0.1 = 500— 16 gay, p= $2N,P Now, a,- SNE sal y3x492xN (4) 2 a 494 = SDoIOTORN(S) N= 590 opm, 96, The commutatng pole winding is connected in series with the armature 9 tc that the flux it produces will vary with armature current. This series connection tit sine essary sine the eommutating erm required for satisfactory commutation ya i armature current. fit E, 93, Mz = Fix As field current remains same, 4 = $y M Fy or u2 Atl B= 200 - 30 x 05-185 V; B, = 200-30 n, 300 _ 200-30 = — o 97 500 185 Res2gTo ra i Additional resistance required = R, - R, = 2.97 - 05 = 2:47 @ 103, There are 10 parallel paths, each of resistance = 0, 059% 3.9 Armature resistance, , ~ Revises ofeach paral path _ 3. _ 9 NS Bye 10 10 104. ‘There are two parallel paths in a wave-wound armature irrespective of number of pols Resistance of each parallel path = 0.05990 =159 Now 4, | R= E450 4. Whe | 105, Mechanical power developed, p = 2. Ty, Now 6 267 7 Bq XO0rpm, = 2551 pm. ad p = 2MX2551%57.2 60 = 153 x 10? W = 15.3 kW 106, Output power = 20 x 745 = ; Seat are 746 = 14920 W 5 Input power = 14920/0,893 = 16707 W . Total losses = Input power ~ Ouiey : oe inl 107. Input power = 20200 W ; Ouiput power = i ade o Total losses = 20209 — i715 . Use 17138. W lig, 108. Input eurent = 202007200 = 101 4» span, 2042 W + Thi r > Shunt current, Ty, = 200/50 = 4 A VolLe eurent, Ty = 101 1, = 10) D.C. Motors = 573 Ag A a 7 pMegges = Vn * fe Ry = 200 x 4 4 Ga 7A 21a ese = Total 1868 ~ Total Cu * 0.06 = 800 + 565 = 1368 W oi por loss and rotation $8 = 3042 ~ 1365 = a jowever armature Cu loss #908 sure Cu Toss at 10 hp. (proportional to sq fe 4 square of toad Bay = 565x(10F _ , 3) 7107 pases the MOLE 3.10 yp ; = Armature Cu loss + loss + Field Cy re Win, qu i sme, armature current willbe the ectantlng 5 sios Seed same, Motor resistance is Ry = : von 9g Sem be the desired resistance to beaded in ec Tk wit At starting: I, . 40 &,, | at 1000 ep, EE : 4p N1000pIm4 1500 = ps (flux is same) 240-40x 2s, Bowed =12V 240-152 40= =199 oser Ro! ige6N or Eye N (> Amature current and hence @ is the same) Ey, = 200 ~ 15 x 1 = 185 V5 By, = 200 - 15 (5 +1) = HOV r of poles, teas i Now, Fo Ma op Mas, Ny = 476 epaan BM 300? M 1K, When the flux is decreased, speed (Ne Eyl) of the motor increases. Now, Ny _ Fos yd ™ By, Ao T, cc @ J, As torque is the same in the two cases bl, = Gad, 0F 6, ¥ 50 = 09 04% dog 2 ln 50/0.9 = 55. = 50 x 0.2 = 190V mT By, = 200 - 50 5 1889 V 787 W ea Ny bs, N= 1058 np.m. 960 0.9 6, ov This method gives speeds below the normal speed not Et sives speeds roller resistance. "olage ean be decreased (not increased) by the cont fe it because armature574 m™ Objective Electrical Technology ethod is that commutation become, ~~~ Aaa Cas tate Ca nec rma RN 200 49 Aine 122, Curent drawn = 2 i os oe 123. Running as motor: E, IR, = 220 — 20 * wa ees 7 a Me Running as generator: E, = V+ IR, = 200 + 20 a Difference in induced voltages = 220 ~ 200 = 20 V , 1h The 124, Neglecting saturation, torque in a d.c. series motor is Tc P. woe 2 For the first case, T, oc 10°; For the second case, 7, « 12% 1.44 044 or 44% 128, For de. shunt motor, torque developed, Tc I, For the first case, 54 o 10 : For the second case, 7" o 20 FM y pe 54x20 = 108 Nm 34 10 -£, 126. For adc. motor, line current = — - As the speed (N) of d.c. motor inereases, the back em.f. E, (=P § ZNI60 A) incre Since Vis constant, the inerease in £, means that line current decreases V~Ey 127, Ina de. motor, armature current J, If E,=0, 1, = VIR,, Since armature resistance R, is very small (about 1 9), «19 large armature current will burn the wi ding 129. Under the condition of maximum power output of d.c, motor, half of the input pore is wasted in the armature circuit. In fact, if we take into account other losses (iron an mechanical), the efficiency will be well below 50%. 130. In a de. series motor, the torque developed 7 ac F, For the first case, 7, a & : the second case, 7, 2 (0,7 Ly. 131, ee: value of load torque plus frie At stalling torque, E, = 0.D.C. Motors = 575 -~gyional resistance is placed in series, 2 0 jence, the speed oF the motor fale {he Voltage availa lable across the armature dye armature current in ade. series ‘tor is very s FY small and so isthe magnetic series excitation. Hence the gue the speed of the 1a Tio dangerous oe ges OS tr reso ance 18 Fores et up inthe rotating pats ich tay be destroyed due to et and agree fn or ea ne Oe Sve ser ae moror is neatly directly proportional tothe vo meine speed of the motor will increase machine whi Hence the fare held constant, the speed of faze applied across the armature. ef by 59 eases, Q), a very put power (ron and 5 For rctionsl