although / even though

After although and even though, we use a subject and a verb. Even though is slightly
stronger and more emphatic than although.

I enjoyed the course, although I would have liked more grammar practice.
Although we saw each other every day, we didn't really know each other.
Even though she spoke very quietly, he understood every word.
She didn't get the job, even though she had all the necessary qualifications.

though

Though can be used in the same way as although.

Though I wasn't keen on the film, I thought the music was beautiful.

Though can also go at the end of the second phrase. This way of expressing contrasting
ideas is most common in spoken English.

We waited ages for our food. The waiter was really nice, though.
Unless:
Unless means if not. We use it in conditional sentences instead of if not.

Unless can be used with present, past and past perfect tenses. Use unless with present
tenses when talking about the future.

Present

You will damage your health unless you stop smoking. = you will damage your health
if you do not stop smoking.

Past

Unless she was working late, she would be here. = If she was not working, she would
would be here.

Past Perfect

I wouldn't have taken Paul unless his car hadn't broken down. = If Paul's car had not
broken down I would not have taken him.

As soon As:

We use as soon as to show that something happens immediately, i.e. ‘at the very
moment another action is completed’, or ‘shortly after another action is completed’.
 I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
[= ‘I will arrive and then I’ll call you immediately.’]
  As soon as I have the information, I’ll tell you.
[= ‘I’ll get the information and then I’ll tell you immediately.’]

enses used with as soon as

We use the present simple with as soon as when we speak about repeated actions.

As soon as he wakes up, he checks his phone for messages.

We use the present simple with as soon as when we speak about the future. We
do not use will.

I'll go to the shops as soon as it stops raining.

as soon as it will stop

We can also use the present perfect with as soon as when we speak about the
future. The meaning is the same.

I'll go to the shops as soon as it has stopped / as soon as it stops raining.

We use the past simple with as soon as when we speak about the past.

We can also use the past perfect. The meaning is the same.

They restarted the tennis match as soon as the rain stopped.

They restarted the tennis match as soon as the rain had stopped.

Let’s look at the sentence patterns. “Before” and “after” can go at the beginning of a
sentence or in the middle of a sentence.

Action/Result 1 + before + action/result 2

 I brush my teeth before I go to bed.

Before + action/result 2, + action/result 1

If we use “before” at the beginning of a sentence, then use a comma when writing.

 Before you leave, can you check my report?

Action/Result 2 + after + Action/Result 1

 She ate dinner after she exercised.

After + action/result 2, + action/result 1

If we use “after” at the beginning of a sentence.

 After you finish, call me.

 We can also use nouns or gerunds following “before” and “after”.

 After dinner, we went for a walk.

 Before work, I like to exercise.

BECAUSE:
as a conjunction (connecting two clauses): We went by bus because it was cheaper.

IF
1) used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on
another thing happening or being true

 If you see him, give him this note.

 I'll only stay if you offer me more money.
 If necessary I can come at once.
 You can stay for the weekend if you like.
 If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.

2) when; whenever; every time

 If metal gets hot it expands.

3) used after ask, know, find out, wonder, etc. to introduce one of two or more
possibilities

Do you know if he's married?

I wonder if I should wear a coat or not.

4) used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings

 I am sorry if I disturbed you.

 I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret.
 Do you mind if I turn the TV off?

5) used to admit that something is possible, but to say that it is not very important

 If she has any weakness, it is her Italian.

6) used to ask somebody to listen to your opinion

 If you ask me, she's too scared to do it.

7) used before an adjective to introduce a contrast

 He's a good driver, if a little over-confident.

8) Used with will or would to ask somebody politely to do something

  If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.

9) used before could, may or might to suggest something or to interrupt somebody

politely

o If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next

week.

SINCE:

ince’ used as a conjunction

When since is used as a conjunction, it joins a main clause and a subordinate
clause. Since comes at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
 Mike has been promoted twice since he joined the company.
(main clause = ‘Mike has been promoted twice’; subordinate clause = ‘he joined the
company’)
 I’ve been very busy since I started my new job.
Since can also mean because or as:
 I think I’ll stay home and watch a film, since it’s raining.
 Since the plane’s going to be an hour late, let’s go and get some coffee.

UNTIL

as a conjunction (connecting two clauses): I stayed there until he arrived.

continuing as far as a particular place

Stay on the bus until the big supermarket, then get off and turn left.

Perry was leading the race until the final bend.

WHEN

as a conjunction (connecting two clauses): When he saw me, he waved.

When it stops raining, I’ll show you the garden.

She was often nervous when facing the camera.

She claims she was at a friend’s house when the shooting took place.
WHEREAS

used for comparing two things, people, situations etc and showing that there is
an important difference between them

Doctors’ salaries have risen substantially, whereas nurses’ pay has actually fallen.

Whereas knowledge can be acquired from books, skills must

be learned through practice.

As a conjunction while means ‘during the time that’, ‘for as long as’, ‘at the same time
as’ and similar ideas.
While there is life, there is hope.
While he was in London he studied music.
While they were watching TV somebody broke into the house.

While can also mean ‘although’.

While I admire your courage, I think that you should not go on this dangerous journey.