Professional Documents
Culture Documents
+&%)"4&%&+'(,#"P4-'#(+
1*3%(+G6*-4&E+<4)(.'8&+R44"*-4&E+7#9%"-+<$S#(48&+
./!&0.1,$#$*$%&234&%1%45(&$%6-13+35(7&8&9!:;&<=+"%1&>%=6$34&)43?%6$@&A34B=(C&&
!DE=#+F&%,G%1C1(,$="H#2%C13@&E=51-#+"CI==4,$="H#2%C13@&43'%4$CE6"31=+"H#2%C13&
&
&
S2"'()+ 4(+ 49(#"P48+ %T%(-E+ $#(-"#8+ "##P+ #3%"4-#"*+ P2*-+ "%86+ #(+ -.%+ 4T4'8498%+ '(,#"P4-'#(+ '(+ -.%+ .2P4(J*6*-%P+
'(-%",4$%+ UV5FW+ -#+ 2(&%"*-4(&+ 4(&+ P4Q%+ *%(*%+ #,+ O.4-+ '*+ )#'()+ #(+ 4(&+ P4Q%+ -.%+ "').-+ &%$'*'#(*;+ X(&%"+ *#P%+
$#(&'-'#(*+-.%+'(*-"2P%(-4-'#(+P46+,4'8+4(&+"%*28-+'(+P'**'()+#"+'($#""%$-+'(,#"P4-'#(;+R8%'(Y*+&4-4N,"4P%+-.%#"6+
3#*-284-%*+-.4-+O.%(+P4Q'()+*%(*%+#,+4+*'-24-'#(E+3%#38%+*-4"-+O'-.+4(+'('-'48+.63#-.%*'*+#"+,"4P%+4(&+-.'*+,"4P%+
'(,82%($%*+O.4-+&4-4+-.%6+4--%(&+-#;+Z(&+$#(T%"*%86E+-.%+4T4'8498%+&4-4+'*+2*%&+-#+%849#"4-%+-.%+,"4P%+#"+-#+&%-%$-+
'($#(*'*-%($'%*+'(+4+,"4P%;+[.'*+343%"+3"%*%(-*+4(+%P3'"'$48+*'P284-#"+*-2&6+#,+.#O+-O#+$"%O*+#,+(2$8%4"+$#(-"#8+
"##P+ #3%"4-#"*+ .4(&8%&+ '($'&%(-+ *$%(4"'#*+ O'-.+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*;+ [.%+ &4-4J,"4P%+ -.%#"6+ '*+ 2*%&+ 4*+ 4+
-.%#"%-'$48+ 433"#4$.+ -#+ '(T%*-')4-%+ -.%+ $#(-"#8+ "##P+ $"%OY*+ &%$'*'#(JP4Q'()+ O.%(+ '(,#"P4-'#(+ '(+ -.%+ V5F+ '*+
&%)"4&%&;+<#"%+*3%$','$4886E+O%+%\4P'(%+O.4-+*-"4-%)'%*+-.%+$#(-"#8+"##P+$"%O+2*%*+-#+&%$'&%+-.4-+'(&'$4-'#(*+4"%+
&%)"4&%&E+2(&%"+O.4-+$#(&'-'#(*+-.%6+,4'8+-#+(#-'$%+&%)"4&%&+'(&'$4-'#(*E+4(&+.#O+#3%"4-#"*Y+49'8'-6+-#+.4(&8%+4(+
'($'&%(-+'*+'P34$-%&;++
+
J%(B34",H+ G4-2"48'*-'$+ &%$'*'#(JP4Q'()E+ (2$8%4"+ 3#O%"+ 384(-E+ $#(-"#8+ "##PE+ &4-4J,"4P%+ -.%#"6E+ '(*-"2P%(-4-'#(E+
.2P4(J*6*-%P+'(-%",4$%E+&%)"4&%&+'(&'$4-'#(*E+*'P284-#"+*-2&6;+
+
!
4**2P%&+ -.4-+ '-+ O4*+ (#-+ 4+ *-%4P+ 9"%4Q+ #(+ -.%+ F(+ -.'*+ $4*%+ -.%+ $"%O+ $#28&+ (#-+ *'P386+ $#P34"%+
*%$#(&4"6+*'&%+U-2"9'(%+*'&%W+9%$42*%+-.4-+O#28&+ O'-.+ 4(#-.%"+ $.4((%8E+ 92-+ .4&+ -#+ $.%$Q+
$42*%+ "%4$-#"+ 3#O%"+ -#+ '($"%4*%;+ [.%+ $"%O+ 84-%"+ 48-%"(4-'T%+ %\384(4-'#(*+ 4(&+ T%"',6+ $#(*'*-%($6+
&%-%$-%&+-.4-+$#(-4'(P%(-+3"%**2"%+O4*+)#'()+23+ O'-.+ #-.%"+ '(&'$4-'#(*;+ 1843*%&+ *$%(4"'#+ -'P%+ '(+
4(&+ -.%"%+ O4*+ 4+ "4&'4-'#(+ 484"P+ '(+ $#(-4'(P%(-;+ P'(2-%*+ '*+ )'T%(+ '(+ 34"%(-.%*%*;+ V%"%+ -.%+
[.'*+8%&+-.%P+-#+-.%+$#($82*'#(+-.4-+-.%"%+O4*+4+ 42\'8'4"6+U42\W+,%%&+O4-%"+,8#O+'(&'$4-#"*+'(+-O#+
8%4Q+'(+$#(-4'(P%(-;++ #,+ -.%+ -."%%+ 5_*+ ,4'8%&+ -#+ /@+ 4(&+ ^@E+
[.%+$"%O+'*+2*'()+&4-4+,"#P+-.%+V5F+-#+92'8&+ "%*3%$-'T%86;+ [C+ (#-'$%&+ -.4-+ -.%*%+ ,%%&+ ,8#O+
4(+ 2(&%"*-4(&'()+ #,+ -.%+ 384(-+ *-4-2*+ U4+ ,"4P%W;+ '(&'$4-'#(*+&'&+(#-+P4-$.+O'-.+.'*+$2""%(-+,"4P%+
1T%(+O'-.+'(-4$-+'(&'$4-'#(*E+-.'*+'*+4+3"#$%**+-.4-+ 9%$42*%+-.%+-."%%+,8#O*+*.#28&+9%+%T%(+U/;AW;+V%+
"%c2'"%*+4+.').+8%T%8+#,+Q(#O8%&)%+#,+-.%+"%4$-#"+ 4*Q%&+.'*+$#88%4)2%*+ ,#"+'(32-;+ 55+3"#3#*%&+#(%+
*6*-%P*+ 4(&+ .#O+ -.%6+ '(-%"4$-;+ F(+ -.%+ ,#88#O'()+ 48-%"(4-'T%+,"4P%+U/;/W+4(&+-.%(+4(#-.%"+#(%+U/;LW+
*%$-'#(*+ O%+ O'88+ &%*$"'9%+ .#O+ -.%+ $"%O*Y+ 4,-%"+ -.%+ ,'"*-+ O4*+ "%b%$-%&;+ 7C+ 8%4(%&+ -#O4"&*+
&%$'*'#(JP4Q'()+ '(+ #2"+ *-2&6+ O4*+ 'P34$-%&+ ')(#"'()+ -.%+ 4(#P48#2*+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ U/;LWE+ 4(&+
O.%(+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ '(+ -.%+ V5F+ O%"%+ &%)"4&%&;+ 4,-%"+ *%%'()+ -.4-+ #-.%"+ "%84-%&+ &4-4+ O%"%+
1\4P38%*+ ,"#P+ -.%+ $"%OY*+ .4(&8'()+ #,+ -.%+ $#(*'*-%(-+ O'-.+ -.%'"+ '('-'48+ ,"4P%E+ -.%6+ 4**2P%&+
*$%(4"'#*+4"%+)'T%(+'(+-498%*;+[.%+8%,-+$#82P(+#,+ -.4-+-.%+,%%&+,8#O+'(&'$4-'#(*+O%"%+,4'8%&+U/;^W;+
-.%+-498%*+&%*$"'9%*+-.%+$"%O*Y+9%.4T'#"E+4(&+-.%+
"').-+ $#82P(+ 3"#T'&%*+ 4(+ '(-%"3"%-4-'#(+ #,+ -.'*+ [498%+ A;+ f2'$Q86+ 4(&+ $#""%$-86+ '&%(-',6'()+ 4+
9%.4T'#"+2*'()+-.%+&4-4J,"4P%+-.%#"6;++ P'**'()+'(&'$4-'#(+U*$%(4"'#+/W;+
P4('3284-%+-.%+3"#$%**+4(&+*%%+',+-.%+'(&'$4-'#(*+ ,'(48+ *-"4-%)6+ '*+ -#+ )%-+ '(32-+ ,"#P+ $#88%4)2%*;+ F(+
9%.4T%+4*+%\3%$-%&E+%;);+'($"%4*%+,8#O+-#+-.%+5_+ -498%+/+-.%+[C+4*Q%&+,#"+'(32-+-#+,')2"%+#2-+O.4-+
4(&+*%%+',+-.%+8%T%8+"'*%*+4*+4(-'$'34-%&;++ '*+ )#'()+ #(+ O'-.+ -.%+ 42\+ ,%%&+ ,8#O+ '(&'$4-'#(*+
9%$42*%+ .%+ '*+ $#(,2*%&;+ [.%+ $"%O+ -.%(+ -%*-%&+
[498%+ /;+ 7%4*#('()+ 49#2-+ 4(&+ $#""%$-86+ T4"'#2*+ 433"#4$.%*+ 4(&+ %(&%&+ 23+ U$#""%$-86W+
"%b%$-'()+'($#""%$-+'(&'$4-'#(*+U*$%(4"'#+LW;+ "%b%$-'()+ -.%+ '($#""%$-+ ,%%&+ ,8#O+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ 4*+
,4'8%&;++
:"%O+9%.4T'#"+ SJa+'(-%"3"%-4-'#(++ 1T4824-'()+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ -#+ $.%$Q+ ',+ -.%6+ O%"%+
OCN+UALH/@W+[C+(#-'$%*+ G#-'$%*+4(#P486+'(+42\+ &%)"4&%&+ #"+ (#-+ U4(&+ $#(*%c2%(-86+ 3"%*%"T'()E+
-.%+42\+,%%&+,8#O+-#+-.%+ ,%%&+,8#O+'(&'$4-'#(*;+ c2%*-'#('()+ #"+ $.4()'()+ 4+ ,"4P%W+ O4*+ 4+ 3"#$%**+
-."%%+*-%4P+)%(%"4-#"*+ [.%+$"%OY*+,"4P%+'P386+
-.4-+ $#28&+ -4Q%+ -'P%+ 4(&+ &%T%8#3%&+ )"4&24886E+
*.#O*+&',,%"%(-+T482%*;+ -.4-+-.%+-."%%+T482%*+
55+4*Q*+-#+$.%$Q+O.6+ *.#28&+9%+*'P'84"E+92-+ 4(&+ -.%+ $"%O*+ &'&+ (#-+ 48O46*+ )#+ -."#2).+ -.'*+
-.%6+4"%+&',,%"%(-;+ -.%6+4"%+(#-;++ 3"#$%**;+ F(+ -.'*+ *-2&6+ -.%+ 3"#$%**+ *-4"-%&+ 96+
OCO+UAMHLLW+[C+'(,#"P*+ [C+4*Q*+-.%+$#88%4)2%*+
&%-%$-'#(+#,+4(+4(#P486E+4+3'%$%+#,+&4-4+-.4-+&'&+
-.4-+.%+'*+$#(,2*%&+49#2-+ ,#"+'(32-+O.%(+.%+'*+ (#-+ *%%P+ "').-+ 9%$42*%+ '-+ &'&+ (#-+ ,'-+ O'-.+ -.%+
-.%+,8#O+"%4&'()*;+[.%+ $#(,2*%&+49#2-+-.%+&4-4;++ $2""%(-+ ,"4P%;+ F,+ 4(+ %\384(4-'#(+ $#28&+ (#-+ 9%+
,%%&+32P3+T48T%*+4"%+ 55+3"#3#*%*+8#O+32P3+ ,#2(&+"').-+4O46E+-.%+7C+#"+[C+O#28&+P#('-#"+
,2886+#3%(E+92-+'-+P4Q%*+ *3%%&+4*+3#**'98%+"%4*#(+ -.%+'(&'$4-'#(+-#+*%%+.#O+'-+&%T%8#3%&;+<469%+4+
(#+&',,%"%($%+'(+-.%+,%%&+ ,#"+-.%+4(#P486+ -%(-4-'T%+ %\384(4-'#(+ O#28&+ 9%+ *2))%*-%&+ U4(+
,8#O;+55+4*Q*+49#2-+-.%+ U3"#3#*%&+48-%"(4-'T%+ 48-%"(4-'T%+ ,"4P%+ #"+ %849#"4-'#(+ #,+ -.%+ $2""%(-+
-2"9'(%J&"'T%(+42\+,%%&+ ,"4P%WE+4(&+7C+ ,"4P%W+4(&+'-+O#28&+9%+-%*-%&E+%;);+96+#3%('()+4+
32P3+*3%%&;+7C+$.%$Q*+ '($"%4*%*+32P3+*3%%&;+ T48T%+ -#+ *%%+ ',+ -.%+ '(&'$4-'#(+ "%*3#(&%&+
'-+4(&+P#T%*+#(+-#+"4'*%+
-.%+32P3+*3%%&;+
433"#3"'4-%86;+ [.'*+ O#28&+ P#T%+ -.%+ $"%O+ 4+ *-%3+
-#O4"&*+ 4$$%3-'()+ #"+ "%b%$-'()+ -.%+ '(&'$4-%&+
OCP&UA`H/@W+Z2\+,%%&+ F($"%4*'()+-.%+32P3+
,8#O+"%4&'()*+*-'88+&#(Y-+ *3%%&+&'&+(#-+$.4()%+
T482%+ 92-+ O4*+ P469%+ (#-+ %(#2).+ -#+ P4Q%+ 4+
'(&'$4-%+%T%(+,%%&'();+ ,8#O+"%4&'()*+U-.%+ &%,'('-'T%+b2&)%P%(-;+=2-+4,-%"+%(#2).+%T'&%($%+
!2P3*+4"%+"2(('()+4-+ 48-%"(4-'T%+,"4P%+O4*+ 92'8&'()+23+#T%"+ -'P%+#"+,"#P+ &',,%"%(-+*#2"$%*E+
P4\+*3%%&;+Z88+5_*+ "%b%$-%&W;+a8#O+"%4&'()*+ -.%+$"%O*+O#28&+*%--8%+#(+4+&%$'*'#(+#(+O.%-.%"+
*.#O+*'P'84"+8%T%8*;+7C+ &#+(#-+P4-$.+O'-.+#-.%"+ #"+(#-+-.%6+$#28&+"%86+#(+-.4-+3'%$%+#,+&4-4;++
*46*+-.4-+-.%+,8#O+ &4-4+U32P3+*3%%&*+4(&+
'(*-"2P%(-*+433%4"+(#-+ 5_+8%T%8*W;+55+3"#3#*%*+ :"1# # ?@&0# '-&<)# %./7&+# (*# +&(&'(# +&,-.+&+#
-#+9%+"%*3#(&'()+ 4(#-.%"+48-%"(4-'T%+ /0+/'.(/*0)#
$#""%$-86;+55+*46*+-.%"%+ ,"4P%+-.4-+P46+%\384'(+ [.%"%+O%"%+*#P%+$4*%*+O.%"%+-.%+$"%O+&'&+(#-+
P46+9%+4+,%%&+O4-%"+ -.%+*-"4()%+,%%&+,8#O+
P4(4)%+ -#+ '&%(-',6+ 4+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(+ 4*+
9"%4Q+*#P%O.%"%+-.4-+'*+ &4-4+U,%%&+O4-%"+9"%4QW+
$42*'()+'-;+ 92-+&#%*+(#-+32-+P2$.+ &%)"4&%&;++
$#(,'&%($%+'(+'-;+ [498%+ L+ *.#O*+ #(%+ *2$.+ %\4P38%+ O.%"%+ -.%+
OCQ&UAKH@@W+7C+4*Q*+[C+ C-.%"+"%84-%&+&4-4+ ,4'82"%+ -#+ '&%(-',6+ '-+ .4&+ 4+ 84")%+ 'P34$-+ #(+ -.%+
',+-.%+T48T%*+4"%+#3%(E+ U3"%**2"%E+8%T%8+4(&+ $"%OY*+49'8'-6+-#+*#8T%+-.%+*$%(4"'#+U4*+%\384'(%&+
-.%+3"%**2"%+'*+%T%(E+4(&+ T48T%+*-4-%W+9%.4T%+ '(+ *%$-'#(+ L;LW;+ F(+ -.'*+ *$%(4"'#+ -.%+ T#82P%+
8%T%8*+4"%+"'*'()+%T%(86;+ $#(*'*-%(-86+O'-.+%4$.+ $#(-"#8+-4(Q+Uj:[W+8%T%8+'(&'$4-#"+.4&+,4'8%&+4(&+
[C+$#(,'"P*;+7C+*46*+ #-.%";+[.%6+"%b%$-+-.%+ *.#O%&+ @h;+ [.%+ 55+ &'&+ ,'"*-+ c2%*-'#(+ -.%+
-.%+,8#O+'(*-"2P%(-*+4"%+ $#(,2*'()+,8#O+ '(&'$4-'#(+ UL;AWE+ 4*+ '-+ 3"#94986+ *%%P%&+ *-"4()%+
(#-+O#"Q'()+"').-;+ '(&'$4-'#(*+4(&+%\3%$-+ -.4-+-.%+j:[+*.#28&+9%+%P3-6;+[.%+$"%O+-"'%&+-#+
-.%6+4"%+,4'8%&;++ T%"',6+ -.%+ '(&'$4-'#(+ UL;/W;+ [.%+ ,4$-+ -.4-+ '-+ O4*+
+ -.%+*4P%+'(+9#-.+8#$4-'#(*+*2))%*-%&+U92-+&'&+(#-+
a2"-.%"P#"%E+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ $4(+ 9%+ T%"','%&+ 96+ 3"#T%W+ -.%+ &4-4+ O4*+ T48'&;+ + 55+ 4)4'(+ c2%*-'#(%&+
8##Q'()+ 4-+ .#O+ -.%6+ 9%.4T%;+ a#"+ '(*-4($%E+ -.%+'(&'$4-'#(H+O.6E+',+-.%+j:[+8%T%8+'*+4$-24886+
$#P38%-%86+ *-4-'$+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ 4"%+ 8'Q%86+ -#+ 9%+ @hE+ .4&+ -.%"%+ (#-+ 9%%(+ 4(+ 42-#+ P4Q%23+
,4'8%&;+[.%"%+'*+2*24886+*#P%+,82$-24-'#(+#"+(#'*%+ U42-#P4-'$+ ,'88'()+ #,+ -.%+ j:[W+ UL;LWg+ 7C+
'(+-.%+&4-4E+*#+'-+'*+(#-+(#"P48+-.4-+4(+'(&'$4-'#(+ *2))%*-%&+ -.'*+ P46+ 48"%4&6+ .4&+ .433%(%&+ 4-+ 4(+
*.#O*+-.%+%\4$-+*4P%+T482%E+#"+4+$#P38%-%86+,84-+ %4"8'%"+3#'(-;+55+'(-%"3"%-%&+7CY*+*2))%*-'#(+4*+4+
-"%(&+ #T%"+ -'P%;+ C3%"4-#"*+ $4(+ 2*%+ -.'*+ *-4-%P%(-+ #,+ ,4$-;+ [.'*+ &'&+ (#-+ 3"#T'&%+ 4(+
$.4"4$-%"'*-'$+ -#+ '&%(-',6+ 4+ ,4'8%&+ '(&'$4-'#(;+ Z+
Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference 237
$"%O+ -#+ 2*%+ 4+ 8#-+ #,+ -'P%+ '(+ -.%+ 3"#$%&2"%+ 4(&+ [.%+ *$%(4"'#*+ O'-.+ -.%+ .').%*-+ 4P#2(-*+ #,+
$#(*%c2%(-86+-.%6+O%"%+(#-+498%+-#+'&%(-',6+*#P%+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ O%"%+ T%"6+ $.488%()'()+ ,#"+
#,+-.%+#-.%"+&%)"4&%&+'(&'$4-'#(*;++ -.%+$"%O*E+4(&+-.%+*$%(4"'#*+O%"%+48*#+P4&%+O'-.+
a')2"%+^+*.#O*+-.%+$"%O*Y+4T%"4)%+*%8,J"4-'()*+ -.4-+ '(-%(-;+ 5#P%+ -63%*+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*+
#(+ 3%",#"P4($%+ 4(&+ 4P#2(-+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ O%"%+ P#"%+ &',,'$28-+ -#+ .4(&8%+ -.4(+ #-.%"*;+ [.%+
'(&'$4-'#(*;+ C(%+ c2%*-'#(+ '(+ -.%+ *$%(4"'#+ $"%O*+ T'%O%&+ -.#*%+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ -.4-+ ,4'8%&+ 96+
$#P38%\'-6+ c2%*-'#((4'"%+ 4*Q%&+ 49#2-+ &%)"4&%&+ "4P3'()+-#O4"&*+4+T482%+(#-+-#+9%+T%"6+"%48'*-'$;+
'(&'$4-'#(*H+ dV#O+ &',,'$28-+ O4*+ -.'*+ *$%(4"'#+ F(+ 4(+ 4(48#)+ $#(-"#8+ "##P+ -.'*+ P46+ (#-+ 9%+
O'-.+ "%*3%$-+ -#+ T4)2%+ #"+ 4P9')2#2*+ 3"#$%**+ "%48'*-'$;+ V#O%T%"E+ '(+ 4+ $#P32-%"'D%&+ $#(-"#8+
&'*3846*E+ P'*8%4&'()+ #"+ P'**'()+ 3"#$%**+ "##P+*2$.+4+9%.4T'#"+'(+'(&'$4-'#(*+P').-+9%+-.%+
'(,#"P4-'#(gdE+ O'-.+ 4+ "%*3#(*%+ *$48%+ ,"#P+ A+ "%*28-+#,+%;);+4+$69%"J4--4$Q;++
UT%"6+%4*6W+-#+K+UT%"6+&',,'$28-W;+[.%+3%",#"P4($%+ Z8-.#2).+ -.%+ $"%O*+ O%"%+ )'T%(+ A;M+ &46+ #,+
"4-'()+ 2*%&+ 4(+ IJ'-%P+ c2%*-'#((4'"%+ O'-.+ 4+ -"4'('()+ #(+ -.%+ *'P284-#"+ 3"'#"+ -#+ -.%+ *-2&6E+
"%*3#(*%+ *$48%+ ,"#P+ A+ U8#O+ 3%",#"P4($%W+ -#+ M+ 2(,4P'8'4"'-6+ O'-.+ -.%+ *'P284-%&+ 384(-+ $42*%&+
U.').+3%",#"P4($%W;+[.%*%+-O#+"%*28-*+*.#O+-.4-+ *#P%+ 3"#98%P*+ ,#"+ -.%+ $"%O*+ -.4-+ O#28&+
-.%+ $"%O*+ %\3%"'%($%&+ -.%+ 4P#2(-+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ 3"#94986+ (#-+ .4T%+ #$$2""%&+ ',+ -.%+ $"%O*+ .4&+
'(&'$4-'#(*+ 4*+ %\3%$-%&+ ,"#P+ -.%+ 8%T%8*+ #,+ %($#2(-%"%&+ -.%+ *4P%+ *$%(4"'#*+ '(+ -.%'"+ .#P%+
&%)"4&%&+'(&'$4-'#(*+'(+-.%+*$%(4"'#*+U*%%+,')2"%+ 384(-;+ =2-+ -.%+ 32"3#*%+ #,+ -.'*+ *-2&6+ O4*+ -#+ 8##Q+
^WE+ 4(&+ -.4-+ -.%"%+ O4*+ 4+ -%(&%($6+ -#O4"&*+ 4+ 4-+ -.%+ 3#**'98%+ 'P34$-*+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*E+
&%$8'(%+ '(+ *%8,J"4-%&+ 3%",#"P4($%+ O'-.+ .').%"+ 4(&+-.%+P'*-4Q%*+-.4-+-.%+$"%O*+P4&%+9%$42*%+#,+
8%T%8*+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*; 2(,4P'8'4"'-6+ O'-.+ -.%+ *'P284-#"+ P').-+ '(+ #-.%"+
()*+,*-./0)1./212)3*.2)214/240.54,/6 *'-24-'#(*+ #$$2"+ 9%$42*%+ #,+ *-"%**E+ ,4-')2%E+ .').+
' O#"Q8#4&+ #"+ #-.%"+ ,4$-#"*;+ e'-.+ #(86+ -O#+ $"%O*+
&
O%+48*#+(%%&+-#+9%+$42-'#2*+49#2-+&"4O'()+*-"#()+
%
$
$#($82*'#(*E+ 92-+ O%+ $4(+ 3#'(-+ #2-+ *#P%+
#
-%(&%($'%*+ 4(&+ O46*+ '(+ O.'$.+ &%)"4&%&+
" '(&'$4-'#(*+P46+4,,%$-+&%$'*'#(+P4Q'();++
! a"#P+ -.%+ #9*%"T4-'#(*+ #,+ -.%+ $"%O*+ .4(&8'()+
! " # $ %
()*+,*-./0) 7)3*.2)214/240.54,/6
-.%+*$%(4"'#*+'(+-.'*+*-2&6E+*#P%+)%(%"48+'(*').-*+
! $4(+ 9%+ P4&%;+ [.#*%+ *'-24-'#(*+ O.%"%+ -.%+ $"%O*+
O%"%+ P#"%+ *2$$%**,28+ '(+ -4$Q8'()+ -.%+ &%)"4&%&+
a');+ ^;+ [.%+ $"%O*Y+ 4T%"4)%+ "4-'()+ #,+ 3%",#"P4($%+ 4(&+
'(&'$4-'#(*+ O%"%+ O.%(+ -.%6+ *-#33%&+ -#+ )%-+ 4(+
&%)"4&%&+'(&'$4-'#(*E+3%"+*$%(4"'#;++
#T%"T'%OE+&'*$2**%&+-#)%-.%"+-#+-"6+-#+,')2"%+#2-+
$#(,2*'()+ '(&'$4-'#(*E+ 4(&+ O.%(+ -.%6+ $8%4"86+
5"##6,3+*33,(%#
3#'(-%&+#2-+-#+%4$.+#-.%"+O.4-+'(&'$4-'#(*+*.#28&+
R8%'(Y*+ &4-4J,"4P%+ -.%#"6+ 433%4"%&+ -#+ 9%+ 4+ 4(&+ *.#28&+ (#-+ 9%+ -"2*-%&;+ F(+ -%"P*+ #,+ -.%+ &4-4J
*2'-498%+ ,"4P%O#"Q+ ,#"+ 4(486D'()+ -.%+ #3%"4-#"Y*+ ,"4P%+-.%#"6E+-.%*%+O%"%+-.%+*'-24-'#(*+O.%"%+-.%+
&%$'*'#(JP4Q'();+ [.%+ "%84-'#(*.'3*+ 9%-O%%(+ $"%O+ c2%*-'#(%&+ -.%+ &4-4+ -.4-+ -.%6+ *4OE+ Q%3-+ 4(+
,"4P%+4(&+&4-4+-.4-+4"%+&%*$"'9%&+'(+R8%'(Y*+*%(*%+ #3%(+ P'(&+ -.4-+ 48-%"(4-'T%+ ,"4P%*+ P').-+ 9%+
P4Q'()+ 4$-'T'-'%*+ ,'-+ O%88+ O'-.+ .#O+ -.%+ $"%O*+ $#""%$-+4(&+8##Q%&+,#"+&4-4+-.4-+P').-+"%b%$-+-.%'"+
-"'%&+ -#+ P4Q%+ *%(*%+ #,+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ 4(&+ $2""%(-+ ,"4P%+ #"+ $#(,'"P+ 4(+ 48-%"(4-'T%+ ,"4P%;+
,'-+ -.%P+ O'-.'(+ -.%'"+ "%3"%*%(-4-'#(+ #,+ -.%+ 384(-+ :#(T%"*%86E+ -.#*%+ *'-24-'#(*+ O.%"%+ -.%+ $"%O*+
*-4-2*;+[.%+,"4P%O#"Q+-.2*+*%%P%&+-#+9%+,"2'-,28+ O%"%+P#*-+(%)4-'T%86+4,,%$-%&+96+-.%+3"%*%($%+#,+
'(+2(&%"*-4(&'()+.#O+#3%"4-#"*+.4(&8%+*'-24-'#(*+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ O%"%+ -.%+ *'-24-'#(*+ O.%"%+
O.%"%+ &%)"4&%&+ '(&'$4-'#(*+ 4"%+ 3"%*%(-+ '(+ -.%+ -.%6+ Q%3-+ O#"Q'()+ #(+ 4+ 3"#98%P+ O'-.#2-+
V5F;+ C2"+ ,'(&'()*+ O%"%+ 48*#+ $#(*'*-%(-+ O'-.+ -.%+ *-#33'()+ -#+ "%,8%$-+ #(+ -.%+ '(,#"P4-'#(+ -.%6+
#9*%"T4-'#(+ #,+ 7#-.+ UA00KW+ '(+ -.%+ *%(*%+ -.4-+ "%$%'T%&+ ,"#P+ -.%+ V5F+ 4(&+ O'-.#2-+ $#(*'&%"'()+
#3%"4-#"*+ O%"%+ 4$-'T%86+ *%%Q'()+ &4-4+ -#+ ,#"P+ 4+ 48-%"(4-'T%+ %\384(4-'#(*+ ,#"+ O.4-+ -.%6+ *4O;+
"%3"%*%(-4-'#(+ #,+ -.%+ *-4-%+ #,+ -.%+ 384(-+ 4(&+ O.4-+ [.%*%+ ,4$-#"*+ 4"%+ "%84-%&+ -#+ -.%+ ,'(&'()+ 96+ T4(+
.4&+ $42*%&+ -.%+ '($'&%(-E+ 4(&+ (#-+ *'P386+ &%(+V%2T%8+%-+48;+U/@A^W+49#2-+*-"4-%)'%*+-.4-+4"%+
,#88#O'()+3"#$%&2"%*;++ 2*%&+ -#+ "%&2$%+ 3%"$%'T%&+ 2($%"-4'(-6E+ #T%"$#P%+
&%846+'(+&%$'*'#(*+4(&+*233#"-+*-"4-%)'$+&%$'*'#(J
Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference 239