1. WRITE A BRIEF NOTE ON GENDER DISCRIMINATION?

A. Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is any

action that specifically denies opportunities, privileges, or rewards to a person
(or a group) because of gender. The practice of letting a person's gender become a
factor when deciding who receives a job or a promotion, is gender discrimination.
While most discrimination charges claim that a woman (or women) was discriminated
against in favor of a man (or men), there have also been cases where males have
claimed that they have been discriminated against on the basis of gender. These
cases are usually referred to as "reverse discrimination."
there are two main types of sexual harassment, the first being "quid pro
quo," or "this for that," which occurs when one employee offers another employee a
job or benefit in exchange for sexual favors, or threatens to deny that job or
benefit unless sexual favors are granted. The second type of sexual harassment is
referred to as "hostile work environment."
Examples of gender discrimination =r sexual harassment that would fall
under the scope of the act include:
1..An employee who alleges that his or her manager only promotes
male employees and keeps females in entry-level positions.
2.An employee who alleges that a manager or other person in power
tells jokes or makes statements that are demeaning, insulting, or offensive to
women.
3.A manager who makes it clear, either through his actions or
words, that he wants to have sexual relations with a female employee.
4.A manager who asks inappropriate and unnecessary questions about
a female employee's sex life.
5.A manager who touches his female employees in inappropriate ways
without consent.

2.EXPLAIN THE RIGHTS AGAINST EXPLOITATION?

A. There are two articles of the Constitution which guarantee the right against
exploitation. They are described below:
Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour:
Article 23(1): Traffic in human beings and the beggar and other similar
forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall
be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
Article 23(2): Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from
imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the
State shall not make any discrimination on ground only of religion, race, caste
or class or any of them.
* Exploitation implies the misuse of others’ services by force and/or
labour without payment.
*Labour without payment is known as begar.
*Article 23 forbids any form of exploitation.
*This article also makes ‘bonded labour’ unconstitutional.
*Bonded labour is when a person is forced to offer services out of a
loan/debt that cannot be repaid.
*The Constitution makes coercion of any kind unconstitutional. Thus,
forcing landless persons into labour and forcing helpless women into prostitution
is unconstitutional.
*The Article also makes trafficking unconstitutional.

3.DISSCUSS THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION RELATING TO ARREST AND DETENTION IN

CERTAIN CASES IN THE ARTICLE 22 OF THE CONSTITUTION ?
A Article 22 constituted within the right to freedom is one of the
parts of the fundamental rights guaranteed under the constitution. This article is
covered in two major parts, protection and rights granted in case of arbitrary
arrest also known as punitive detention, and safeguards against preventive
detention. The main difference is that whether a person is charged with a crime or
not. In case of detention
 (a) Right to be informed of the grounds of arrest:
* Section 50 of CrPC states that it is the duty
of every police officer or any other person authorized to arrest any person without
a warrant, to let the person being arrested know the grounds of arrest
immediately.
* Non-compliance with this provision renders the
arrest illegal.
* Article 22(1) states that any person who is
arrested, cannot be detained in custody without being informed of the grounds of
any such arrest as soon as possible.
*Both these laws clearly portray that no arrest
can be made because it is lawful for the police to do so. Every arrest requires
reason and justification, apart and distinct
(b) Preeventive detention laws:
*A person can be put in jail/custody for two
reasons. One is that he has committed a crime. Another is that he has the potential
to commit a crime in the future.
*The custody arising out of the latter is
preventive detention and in this, a person is deemed likely to commit a crime.
*Thus Preventive Detention is done before the crime
has been committed.
*Preventive detention also known as ‘necessary
evil’ of the constitution as it can be steered in various directions and can be put
to use in various scenarios, not all being just and reasonable. It is the most
contentious part of the fundamental rights.
*The provision only mentions the rights people could
exercise when they are detained but speaks nothing about any specific grounds or
necessary provisions of detention.
4.WHY THE CONSTITUTION OF THE INDIA IS THE LENGTHIEST CONSTITUTION OF IN THE
WORLD ?
A . The Indian Constitution is considered as the lengthiest
Constitution in the world because:
(1). it covers all the details and descriptions of all
the powers which are enjoyed by the executive, legislature and judiciary. Also, the
bulkiness of the Constitution is due to many features which have been borrowed by
India from Constitutions of various countries.
(2). The Indian Constitution lays down the structure
not only of the central government but also the states. The American constitution
leaves the state to draw up their own constitution.

(3). The vastness of the country and peculiar

problems relating to the language have added to the bulk of the Constitution.
(4). Indian Constitution is the modified and extended
form of Government of India Act, 1935 which was already very long.
(5). Diversity of India in culture, language,
religion, different need for all people etc.
(6). Indian Constitution is a written Constitution
in which 495 article 25 parts and 12 schedule elaborated in a single holy book.
(7). Several amendments for the welfare of the
people.
(8). Many laws provided in our Constitution at its
initial stage i.e. right to vote of women etc.

5.WHAT IS SECULARISM?
A. Secularism is the principle seeking to conduct human affairs
based on secular, naturalistic considerations. ... It is most commonly defined as
the separation of religion from civic affairs and the state, and may be broadened
to a similar position concerning the need to suppress religion in any public
sphere.!
6. DISCUSS THE SCOPE OF ART RIGHT TO EDUCATION UNDER ARTICLE 21A OF INDIAN
CONSTITUTION?
A. RIGHT TO EDUCATION is one of the Fundamental right provided under
ARTICLE- 21 A of the constitution. Right to education is the integral part of
ARTICLE 21 “right to life”,as we know Supreme Court Of India has given an extended
view to the scope of Article 21 which also tells us that right to life includes
right to live with dignity mere existence of human body without dignity is like a
body without soul.
The scope of Article-21A:
* Right to Education in the Constitution of
India is the longest written constitution of the world, containing 395 Articles,
XXII Parts, and 12 schedules, it is also one of the best-written constitutions.
*The main purpose of the constitution has been
enshrined in the Preamble of the constitution.
* The constitution is the supreme law of
India, it guarantees the rights, duties and powers of the people and the state.
*It provides the guidelines to the state about
their functioning.
Fundamental rights provides the basic freedom, ensure security and
prevent abuse against people which make people feel safe, these rights cannot be
violated even not by the state, all in all, we can say that it provides safeguard
to minority, majority, senior citizens, children, adults any other section of India
to live with dignity in our country. Education in any way either formal or
informal makes the realisation of rights and dignity inside people, the best use of
education is the application of it.