7/20/1999

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Large Telco Network

Operations Architecture
Session 1505

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Agenda

• Operations Challenges
• Large Networks and
Network Operations
• Operations Network Architecture
• Cisco Solution

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Agenda

• Operations Challenges
• Large Networks and
Network Operations
• Operations Network Architecture
• Cisco Solution

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Building the New World

Services

Networks Operations Support

Cisco IOS® Provisioning Technical
Software
Administration Marketing
Products
Maintenance Financial
Architectures
Billing Training
Technology

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Telco Operations Challenges

• Need to bring new NOC

services to market faster
• Rapid network element
growth (for example,
SONET/SDH)
• Multiple-vendor
environments
Operations
Network
• Competitive differentiation
• Technology migration Service
Network

• Operations cost reduction

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Agenda

• Operations Challenges
• Large Networks and
Network Operations
• Operations Network Architecture
• Cisco Solution

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Large Networks

• Central offices or POPs > 300

• Voice switches > 300
• Transmission > 1000 nodes
SONET/SDH rings 100s to 1000s
• Network operations centers—2 min.
• Other STP, SCP, OSS, FR, ATM
• New world network elements
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What Is a Data
Communications Network?
Network Operations
Network Elements (NE) Data Communications Network Center (NOC)
Operations
ADM GNE
DCN Support
Systems
SONET,SDH, (OSS)
DWDM
TDM
TDM Workstation
ISR 3303

IP/OSI,ASYNC,
DIAL MUX
X.25 (XOT)
SLC, IDLC, FITL, FR, ATM, T1/E1
FOTS
Mediation
if required

DSL
Mainframe
or Mini
OSS to NE Connectivity
Switch
ATM
Digital Switch, Digital
Cross-Connect Switch,
Frame Relay, ATM,
SS7 STP
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Network Operations
Service-Level Agreements

Customer Product and

Data Services Data

Service Management
Performance Data
Service
Management
Orders Bills Layer

Faults Failure to Meet

Network Management Layer
SLA Rebate
Element Management Layer
Orders Faults
Network Usage Data

DCN
Network
Elements

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Evolution of Applications
on the DCN

• Transmission connectivity
• SS7 applications
• Class 5 switch applications
• CEV connectivity
• New world platforms

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Existing DCNs

Switch Switch

DCS
SONET/SDH Switch SONET/SDH
Ring Ring
SONET/SDH
Ring MUX

PBX
Existing DCN
X.25 or
Proprietary

OSS OSS

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Evolution of Applications
on the DCN
• Transmission
• Transmission • SS7
Network • SS7 Network • Class 5
Element Element Switch
• Class 5 Switch
• CEV
• CEV
• New World
NEs

Async/X.25 IP/OSI
Existing Emerging
DCN DCN

Async/X.25 Workstation,
IP/OSI e.g., OSI
OSS
OSS

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DCN Evolution

• Majority are X.25-based

• Some are proprietary or
private line networks
• Existing DCNs can be migrated
to a single DCN utility
• Supports async, X.25, IP, and
OSI-based NEs
• Designed for SONET/SDH
network scalability
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Need for a Common Network?

OSS

X.25/
Proprietary OSS
Network
CO CO

TCP/IP
CO
Network
CO

CO
CO OSI
Network
CO CO

CO CO CO
CO CO CO

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DCN—Network of Networks
OSS

OSS

CO
The CO
Network of
Networks CO
CO

CO CO

CO CO

CO CO
CO CO
CO CO
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Agenda

• Operations Challenges
• Large Networks and
Network Operations
• Operations Network Architecture
• Cisco Solution

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DCN—3 Tiered Architecture

Access— Distribution Backbone

Central Office

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DCN Design Variables

• Types, numbers, and growth of

network elements
• Physical interfaces (RS232, RS449,
RS530, V.35, 10BT)
• Protocols (Async, X.25, IP, OSI,
TL1, CMIP, SNMP, proprietary)
• OSS locations and applications
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Agenda

• Operations Challenges
• Large Networks and
Network Operations
• Operations Network Architecture
• Cisco Solution

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What Is a Data
Communications Network?
Network Operations
Network Elements (NE) Data Communications Network Center (NOC)
Operations
ADM GNE
DCN Support
Systems
SONET,SDH, (OSS)
DWDM
TDM
TDM Workstation
ISR 3303

IP/OSI,ASYNC,
DIAL MUX
X.25 (XOT)
SLC, IDLC, FITL, FR, ATM, T1/E1
FOTS
Mediation
if required

DSL
Mainframe
or Mini
OSS to NE Connectivity
Switch
ATM
Digital Switch, Digital
Cross-Connect Switch,
Frame Relay, ATM,
SS7 STP
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Satisfying Needs

• CO environment
• Migration
• Flexibility
• Port density
• Scaling
• Cost reduction
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Cisco DCN Solution

Price

Cat 1924 DC Cisco 2600 Series Cisco 3662 Series

Scalability
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Central Office Environment

• NEBS level 3 compliant

• 12” or less in depth
• 19” or 23” mounting brackets
• –48v DC power
• CLEI coding

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Cisco IOS Software:

The Center of Your Network

One Flexible
Network
• The ‘glue’ Infrastructure • Industry-
that enables leading,
seamless Cisco IOS
integration standards-
Software based
technologies
• Cisco’s
foundation
networking • Runs the
software Internet

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Current Cisco IOS DCN

Feature Support
hNew X.25 engine
hPAD features Cisco
Cisco

hProtocol translation
IOS
IOS
Software
Software

hCLNS routing—ISO 8473

hInternal organization of the network
layer—ISO 8348
hES-IS—ISO 9542
hIS- IS—ISO 10589
hIntegrated IS-IS—RFC 1195
hInterdomain routing via Cisco ISO-IGRP
hTARP—GR-253
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Cisco IOS Telco Image

hIP routing protocol services Cisco

Cisco
BGP, IS-IS, and OSI routing IOS
IOS
Software
Software
hMultiprotocol WAN router
X.25 services
Switching
X.28 Async PAD
X.25/IP protocol translation
ISDN services
Frame Relay services
ATM connectivity
PPP features
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Cisco IOS
Telco Features
• Network Scaling (SONET/SDH)
IS-IS Multi-Area
Cisco
Cisco
Manual Area Addresses IOS
IOS
Software
Software

• Performance (SONET/SDH)
TARP Storm Avoidance
TARP Split Horizon Protection

• Migration (Async/X.25)
X.25 over TCP/IP
BX.25
X.25 Hunt Group
DNS Routing for X.25
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Migration Feature
X.25 over TCP/IP—RFC 1613 (XOT)
Network
Elements

X.25 X.25 Host

IP IP
BX.25
IP
FR
X.3 Frame FR
PAD Relay
BX.25 Host

Craft Device Note: Annex G also support provided

VT100

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Migration Feature
BX.25 Support

• Lucent protocol (circa 1982)

• X.25 Variant
• BX.25 natively over X.25 or TCP (XOT):
Turn off I-Frame… used to carry a password
between host & switch
Disable LAPB Unnumbered I-Frames
Modify X.25 parameters:
Window size 3, Modulo 8, Packet size 512k
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Migration Feature
X.25 Hunt Group

• X.25 serial line rotary on single router

• ITU-T standard
• VC count, round robin, master rotary

31104085272400 X.25 X.25 Host

Call 31104085272400
31104085272478
PAD
WAN 31104085272411

31104085272425

31104085272499
X.25

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Migration Feature
Current X.25 over TCP/IP Addressing
X.25
• X.25 over TCP unnatural! Host
RFC 1613 IP
• Static routes in all routers
for all destinations WAN
X25 route 1234 XOT 1.1.1.1
IP
1000 destination = 1k route
statements!
X.3
• Move 1 host, change PAD

tables in X routers
• Mnemonics get
resolved locally Async User
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Migration Feature
DNS Routing for X.25
X.25
• Use of Domain Name Server Host

• Single static route in all IP

routers for all destinations
X25 route * XOT use DNS WAN
1000 destination = 1 route
IP
statement! IP
• Move 1 host, change tables
X.3
in one DNS server PAD
DNS
Server
• Mnemonics resolved via
DNS, not locally
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Migration Feature
Manual Area Addresses

• ISO 10589 Router_ABC

recommends that
L2 Area
no more than 3
MAAs per area A+B+C
L1
• Increased the
number from 3
to 256 per router
Router_A Router_B
• Allows the network
to be implemented L1 L1
without re-addressing Area A Area B
NEs or rings
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Scaling Feature
IS-IS Multi-Area
• Currently ISO 10589 only
allows for 1 Area per Cisco 3662-DC-CO
router
• Cisco has enhanced IS-IS
to allow multiple OSI
Areas per router
• Initially up to 12
level 1 instances NE NE NE NE

per Cisco 3662-DC-CO, NE NE NE NE

(3 for Cisco 2600-DC) NE NE NE NE

• Single level 2 instance Area A Area B Area C Area D

• Allows ISIS to scale
• Saves router HW cost
• Solves re-addressing
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Large Central Office Using

Cisco 2500 Series Routers
OSI/IP
Integrated IS-IS

T1 Central Office Boundary

L1/L2 Cisco 2514s
30 Cisco 2522s 40 Cisco 2514s
Catalyst
NE 1924-DC NE

NE NE

NE

Digital Cross OSI Area 1

Connect System NE NE

(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) 10BT

Catalyst
NE NE
Optical Loop 1924-DC NE

Carrier Systems OSI Area 2

(e.g., Litespan 2000) NE NE

..
Intelligent DS1 L1 NE
.
Delivery Systems OSI/IP NE

NE
NE

(e.g., Soneplex) OSI Area 12

X.25/IP
240 Async/Sync Ports 40 OSI areas NE NE

Uses 40 Cisco 2514s.

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Cost and Complexity Reduction Using

Cisco 3662-DC-CO in Large Central Office

OSI/IP T1
IS-IS and OSPF
Central Office Boundary

NE

NE NE

NE

3 3662-DC-CO 4 3662-DC-CO OSI Area 1

NE NE

L1/L2
NE NE

NE NE

NE

Digital Cross 10BT OSI Area 2

(SONET ADM)
Catalyst
..
NE NE
Connect
NE System 10BT
(DCS e.g., Titan 5500)
Optical Loop
1924-DC
Catalyst NE
NE

NE
.
1924-DC NE

Carrier Systems OSI Area 12

(e.g., Litespan 2000) NE NE

X.25/IP 40 OSI areas - Ethernet

Intelligent DS1
Delivery Systems 144 Async/Sync X.25/IP - 96 Async/Sync
(e.g., Soneplex)

Replaces 40 Cisco 2514s.

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Migration Feature
TARP

• SIF standard for resolving layer 7

address to a layer 3 address
• Resolves the TL1 identifier to
active network layer address
(i.e., TID to NSAP, TID to IP, etc. )

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Performance Feature
TARP Storm Avoidance
hNo need to flood all TARP packets
hForward TARP packets to necessary routers only
hAllows for TARP caches to be located anywhere
within the network
hAllows users to decide which routers should
hold the TARP cache Network
Operations Center

NE
TID Not Cached
TARP 3
L1/L2 Cache
NE NE
A 1

NE
2a
L1/L2
A1
OSI Area B 2b

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Performance Feature
TARP Split Horizon Protection
• TARP packets Distribution Routers
follow TARP
adjacencies 3
TARP Request

2
• Don’t forward CO
Access
TARP Packets
Not Forwarded
requests out
an incoming 1
interface
NE NE
NE
NE NE
NE

• Removes NE
NE NE
NE NE
NE NE
NE NE
NE NE
NE

unnecessary NE
NE NE
NE NE
NE

packets from TARP Requests

network
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Migration Feature
Async Call Queuing
• Async port access contention
• CO platform queues telnet calls
• Authenticate each connection via Radius or AAA
• Enables operations more efficient port access
Telnet to vty
Simultaneous Async Conversion
Telnet Users

3 Async
Interfaces
WAN
DMS
100

User in queue status Call

Queuing on
Cisco 3662-DC-CO
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Cisco DCN Solution Roadmap

Asynch Call Queuing

CY4Q99 • Cisco 3662-DC-CO
• Cisco 26xx-DC
• Catalyst 1924-DC
• Cisco IOS Telco Feature Set
IP Routing; BGP, ISIS, OSI
X.25 Support/X.28 PAD
X.25-IP PT
DNS Routing for X.25
Multi OSI Area Support
TARP Support, Storm Detection,
Split Horizon
BX.25 Transport

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Cisco IOS Telco Features

Under Consideration

• ISL for CLNS (cost reduction)

• IS-IS MIB support (migration)
• Inter-domain routing protocol
via BGP4++ (scaling)
• TARP ARP server (migration)

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Medium/Large Central Office

Model Using C25xx Routers
To Core
PAST
OSI/IP
L2
Integrated IS-IS

T1 Central Office Boundary

L2 Cisco 2514s
12 Cisco 2522s 12 Cisco 2514s
NE NE

VLAN NE NE

NE

Digital Cross OSI Area 1

Connect System NE NE

(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) 10BT 10BT

Cat1924 Cat1924 NE NE
Optical Loop
Carrier Systems OSI/IP NE

OSI Area 2
(e.g., Litespan 2000) L1/L2 NE NE

..
Intelligent DS1 NE
NE
NE
.
Delivery Systems NE
(e.g., Soneplex) OSI Area 12
NE NE

X.25/IP
96 A/S Ports

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Simplification—Cost Reduction Medium/Large

Central Office Sync/Async NE Interfaces

To Core To Core
PAST TODAY
OSI/IP
L2
Integrated IS-IS

Central Office Boundary T1 Central Office Boundary T1

Cisco3662-DC-CO
12 Cisco 2522s (SONET ADM) X.25/IP
(SONET ADM) X.25/IP NE
NE

Digital Cross Digital Cross 10BT

Connect System 10BT Connect System Cat1924
(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) Cat1924 (DCS e.g., Titan 5500)
48 A/S Ports,
Optical Loop Optical Loop 192 Async
Carrier Systems Carrier Systems
(e.g., Litespan 2000) (e.g., Litespan 2000)

Intelligent DS1 Intelligent DS1

Delivery Systems Delivery Systems
(e.g., Soneplex) (e.g., Soneplex)
96 A/S Ports

1505 Before After

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Simplification—Cost Reduction Medium/Large

Central Office OSI/IP Ethernet Interfaces

To Core
PAST FUTURE To Core

OSI/IP OSI/IP

T1 T1
Central Office Boundary Central Office Boundary

Cisco 2514s Csico 3662-DC-CO

12 Cisco 2514s OSI L1/L2
VLAN NE ISL NE
NE NE
VLAN NE NE

NE
Fast Ethernet NE OSI
10BT Area 1
Cat1924 NE NE

Cat1924
NE NE

10BT
Cat1924 NE NE NE NE

NE 10BT NE OSI
Area 2
NE NE
OSI L1/IP
NE NE
..
OSI/IP
L1/L2 NE
NE

NE
NE .
NE NE
NE
NE OSI
Area 12
NE NE
NE NE

1505 Before After

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Medium/Large Central Office

Cisco 3662-DC-CO Application
To Core
TODAY
OSI/IP
L2
Integrated IS-IS

T1 Central Office Boundary

3662-CO
OSI L1/L2 NE

(SONET ADM) NE NE

NE

NE OSI Area 1
NE NE

Digital Cross X.25/IP

Connect System 96 A/S
NE NE
(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) 10BT NE

Cat1924 OSI Area 2

Optical Loop
Carrier Systems
NE NE
..
(e.g., Litespan 2000) NE
NE
NE
.
NE

Intelligent DS1 OSI Area 12

NE NE
Delivery Systems
(e.g., Soneplex)
OSI L1 SONET/SDH Interface

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Medium/Large Central Office

Cisco 3662-DC-CO Application
To Core
FUTURE
IP

T1 Central Office Boundary

3662-DC-CO
NE

(SONET ADM) OSI L1/L2 NE NE

NE

NE OSI Area 1
ISL VLAN NE NE

Digital Cross X.25/IP Fast Ethernet

Connect System 96 A/S
(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) Cat1924 NE

NE
NE

OSI Area 2
Optical Loop
Carrier Systems
NE NE

..
(e.g., Litespan 2000) 10BT
NE
NE
NE
.
NE

Intelligent DS1 OSI Area 12

NE NE
Delivery Systems
(e.g., Soneplex)
OSI L1/IP
SONET/SDH Interface
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Small Central Office

Cisco 2600-DC Application
To Core
FUTURE
OSI/IP
L2
Integrated IS-IS

T1 Central Office Boundary

X.25/IP 2610/2611 DC
8A/S OSI L1/L2
(SONET ADM)
NE NE

NE
VLAN OSI Area 1
ISL NE

Digital Cross Fast Ethernet

NE NE

NE
Connect System OSI Area 2
(DCS e.g., Titan 5500) Cat1924 NE NE

10BT
Optical Loop OSI Area 3
Carrier Systems
(e.g., Litespan 2000) OSI L1/IP
SONET/SDH Interface
Intelligent DS1
Delivery Systems
(e.g., Soneplex)

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Why Cisco Solution?

• Operations network consolidation

• Scaling IP/OSI connectivity
• Cost effective for X.25 and async
• Simplify management and maintenance
• Management same as enterprise
implementations
• Most cost effective total solution
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Please Complete Your

Evaluation Form
Session 1505

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