Problem Set 7

Full solutions to these problems are available for free download here:
www.SATPrepGet800.com/PMFBXSG

LEVEL 1
1. Let 𝑧 = – 4 − 𝑖 and 𝑤 = 3 − 5𝑖. Compute each of the following:
(i) 𝑧+𝑤
(ii) 𝑧𝑤
(iii) Im 𝑤
(iv) 2𝑧 − 𝑤
(v) 𝑤
𝑧
(vi)
𝑤

(vii) |𝑧|
(viii) the distance between 𝑧 and 𝑤

LEVEL 2
2. Prove that (ℂ, +, ⋅) is field.

3. Let 𝑧 and 𝑤 be complex numbers. Prove the following:

𝑧+𝑧
(i) Re 𝑧 =
2
𝑧−𝑧
(ii) Im 𝑧 =
2𝑖

(iii) 𝑧 + 𝑤 = 𝑧 + 𝑤
(iv) 𝑧𝑤 = 𝑧 ⋅ 𝑤
𝑧 𝑧
(v) ( )=
𝑤 𝑤

(vi) 𝑧𝑧 = |𝑧|2
(vii) |𝑧𝑤| = |𝑧||𝑤|
𝑧 |𝑧|
(viii) If 𝑤 ≠ 0, then | | = |𝑤|
𝑤

(ix) Re 𝑧 ≤ |𝑧|
(x) Im 𝑧 ≤ |𝑧|

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LEVEL 3
4. Prove the Triangle Inequality (Theorem 7.3).

5. Let 𝑧 and 𝑤 be complex numbers. Prove ||𝑧| − |𝑤|| ≤ |𝑧 ± 𝑤| ≤ |𝑧| + |𝑤|.

6. A point 𝑤 is an accumulation point of a set 𝑆 of complex numbers if each deleted neighborhood

of 𝑤 contains at least one point in 𝑆. Determine the accumulation points of each of the following
sets:
1
(i) { | 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ }
𝑛
𝑖
(ii) { | 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ }
𝑛

(iii) {𝑖 𝑛 | 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ }
𝑖𝑛
(iv) { | 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ }
𝑛

(v) {𝑧 | |𝑧| < 1}

(vi) {𝑧 | 0 < |𝑧 − 2| ≤ 3}

LEVEL 4
7. Determine if each of the following subsets of ℂ is open, closed, both, or neither. Give a proof in
each case.
(i) ∅
(ii) ℂ
(iii) {𝑧 ∈ ℂ | |𝑧| > 1}
(iv) {𝑧 ∈ ℂ | Im 𝑧 ≤ −2}
(v) {𝑖 𝑛 | 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ }
(vi) {𝑧 ∈ ℂ | 2 < |𝑧 − 2| < 4}

8. Prove the following:

(i) An arbitrary union of open sets in ℂ is an open set in ℂ.
(ii) A finite intersection of open sets in ℂ is an open set in ℂ.
(iii) An arbitrary intersection of closed sets in ℂ is a closed set in ℂ.
(iv) A finite union of closed sets in ℂ is a closed set in ℂ.
(v) Every open set in ℂ can be expressed as a union of open disks.

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LEVEL 5
9. A complex number 𝑧 is an interior point of a set 𝑆 of complex numbers if there is a neighborhood
of 𝑧 that contains only points in 𝑆, whereas 𝑤 is a boundary point of 𝑆 if each neighborhood of
𝑤 contains at least one point in 𝑆 and one point not in 𝑆. Prove the following:
(i) A set of complex numbers is open if and only if each point in 𝑆 is an interior point of 𝑆.
(ii) A set of complex numbers is open if and only if it contains none of its boundary points.
(iii) A set of complex numbers is closed if and only if it contains all its boundary points.

10. Let 𝐷 = {𝑧 ∈ ℂ | |𝑧| ≤ 1} be the closed unit disk and let 𝑆 be a subset of 𝐷 that includes the
interior of the disk but is missing at least one point on the bounding circle of the disk. Show that
𝑆 is not a closed set.

11. Prove that a set of complex numbers is closed if and only if it contains all its accumulation points.
(See Problem 6 for the definition of an accumulation point.)

12. Prove that a set consisting of finitely many complex numbers is a closed set in ℂ. (Hint: Show
that a finite set has no accumulation points.)

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