‘thar Yer bora Gb Pstach 1663: D:88996 Bboy Liebherr-Werk Biberach GmbH Turmdrehkrane ‘Tower Cranes Komponenten --- To whom it may concern — eee thre Zeichen: thre Nachricht ve: Unger Zeichen: Datum Boarbeitet von Ec 25.11.2008 Christoph Eiwan Telefon +4973 51 41- 2549 Telefax + 49735141. 279 Wind Load acting on Hoist Load Following a short summary regarding above load action and its practical application. Actually we generally calculate the wind load acc. to DIN 15018 with 3% of the pay load and with a min. value of 500 N for very small rated loads. No further information regarding the drag coefficient or the wind surface per ton pay load is given. The upcoming new crane standard EN 13001 — part 2 is defining and explaining this load a bit more fundamental: The wind load assumed to act on the hoist load in direction of the wind velocity is determined by analogy to the normal wind loads assumed to act on a crane member. The factors in the given equations for the force F are as follows: F is the wind load acting on the hoist load in direction of the wind velocity; c is the aerodynamic coefficient of the hoist load in direction of the wind velocity; ‘Ag _ is the projection of the hoist load on a plane normal to the direction of the wind velocity; q(3) is the wind pressure at max. gust wind speed in service averaged over a period of 3 seconds (q(3) = 250 N/m*, v(3) = 20 mis); 2 LUstherWercBiborch GmbH Amtsgaiht Vorstzondor dos Aulsictsate: Bankverindunger: Hons Liber Strasse 8 Urn HR 640075 Dil Vate: Henning Rapp ‘Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbark Fil Kompten ‘88400 BiberechFss USLidNrs DEB11120028 © Gaschalisabvor (G12 733 200 73) Kio. 2088 042 Dateseniane Hathiae Donna (46) Suitacrsse: (61) HYVE DE MW 428 ‘elton v49 7381 41-0, Dipk-ing. Gonher Haroock IBAN DE28 7382 0073 0002 0888 43 “olfax 49 7951 4122 25, Dipl Volga. Aion Kramer (Commerzbank Sberach si icherrsom SGabhard Schare (WEA) (Giz 654 400 87) Kime. 131 185 400 ing. FH) Hort zeren Swillacrsso: (816) COBA DE FF 654 IBAN DE€8 6544 087 O131 1554.00.LIEBHERR In absence of detailed information of the load it should be assumed ¢ = 2,4 and Ay = 0,005 * my, where my is the mass of the hoist load in kilograms. Ag shall not be less than 0,8 m* Using these definitions the wind load on hoist load is calculated by following function: [c* A, * (3) = 2,4*0,0005* m, *250 = 0,3* my; F =max [WN]; with m, in [hg] c* Ag gig. * q(3) = 2,4 0,8* 250 = 480 Thereby we have to consider that no fundamental change regarding the calculation of the wind load acting on the hoist load can be observed. Also at the study of further standards (e.g. F.E.M. 1.001, ISO 4302) the same information can be found. However all above normative stipulations are only intended to give design assumptions for the proof calculation of cranes in case detailed information about this type of load are not available, but not to give an allowable wind surface considering the pay load and the wind speed. Typical tables which can be found in operation manuals of other manufacturer base on the assumption of a wind surface of 1 m* per 1 ton pay load. As a result this assumption corresponds to a drag coefficient of app. 1,2 using above formula. In reality this drag coefficient is widely varying and could reach a value up to 2,4 in worst case depending on the shape of the lifted load. Considering such a big factor the admissible wind surface given in those tables will be halved automatically!SHAPE Gq & Qa? 7 7 G 038 120 Ge of LNG m1 7 059 Loo ai Oem 080 (ss i, ee 050 155 a) i uy 198 Tepmarion fy ur 200 ye we 230 - 38 220 Tass 205 Fig. (Range of) drag coefficients of several simple 3D and 2D shapes Again, above stipulations are necessary to carry out a static calculation. However in the field further information are needed for the evaluation of a safe execution of a specific lifting task. Gustiness and turbulence of the wind; Inter-regional wind direction and the guiding of the load during the crane motion in general, esp. the slewing motion; Implication of local shielding, vorticity, nozzle effects or any other fluid dynamic phenomena acting on the hoist load on its way from the pick point to the point of installation;Ratio of the wind load and the dead weight of the hoist load (inertial effect); Distance between centre of gravity and aerodynamic centre of area of the hoist load; Potential hazard of persons at site by the hoist load itself (dangerous good); All these aspects and influences are showing clearly that a merely mathematical computation of a possibly admissible wind area does not do justice to this question at all, especially as the real wind loading can differ up to 100 % from the computational result Moreover it is even like that that the (exclusive) view of this wind area distracts the operator from a reasonable risk assessment and pushes the estimate and experience of the service personnel at site into the background or ignores completely. For these reasons LIEBHERR refers in the declaration of conformity of its cranes only to the origin and the bases of its load assumptions and leaves the estimation of the possibilities regarding a specific lifting task at the crane operator and its technical personnel at site. Christoph Eiwan Head of statics department LIEBHERR-WERK BIBERACH GmbH