OZIMED GAMSAT™ PRACTICE TEST 4 SECTION | - REASONING IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 75 QUESTIONS TIME LIMIT: 100 MINUTES Copyright © 2001-2003 www.ozimed.com Rev 3.01 August 2003 Instructions: ‘You have 10 minutes perusal time. Atthe end of ten minutes, start the exam. | You may NOT make notes on the question paper or on the answer sheet during perusal. | | Attempt to answer all the questions | You have exactly 100 minutes (not including perusal time) to complete the exem. OZIMED is a trademark of www ozimed com, GAMSAT isa trademark of the University of Melboume, University of Sydney, University of Quesnstand and Flinders UniversityUNIT 1 Questions 1-8 RUMOURS Friday/I rested and gave some thought to the propagation of rumour. When two or shore gather together in Dog Rock, rumour is not just transmitted but modified, more in accordance with what should never have been, as distinct from what actually happened. A town's image of itself:- its gossip. is-the inverse of its tourist information, and serves the function of verbal-groomingy subject to niobilizationas-censure.\To confide in a second party one's disapproval of a thid in no way prevents one from doing the same with the third in the absence of the second. On the contrary, it may oblige one, for the imbalance of rumour is town's chief weapon of control. Outsiders are initially subjected to a period wherein they are the butt, but do not share in, slander. During this period their house will continue to be known as the house of the previous ocoupant. If and when the collective subconscious decides there is no getting rid of them, they may be told about Wayne Mercaptan’s accident, or Barry Bitterbest's rudeness to the greengrocer. If, at this point, they clumsily fail or refuse to reciprocate with titbit of their own, they run the risk of permanent rejection, yeh ss An inventive and productive flow of malicious gossip is a diagnostic sign of good health in a town, as it serves to bond the residents, convincing each one he has the goods on the others while they know nothing of him. In Dog Rock, an influx of newcomers too vast for the town to assimilate into its gossip networks has already produced pockets of the classical urban impassé, where everyone minds his own business and no one speaks to anyone. An ugly situation, but uglier by far is that seen in declining, moribund communities, which are populated by citizens as brutally frank as they are miserable. Where gossip is perverted into silence ér honesty, community persists in name only. ey fond 1 What do outsiders in this town have to do to be accepted by long-term residents? p fe create and maintain a fagade of honesty BS, engage in the same kind of gossip as the locals “©. passively accept the slander that is directed against them “Be befriend those in the town who have the most influence 2 The rumours which spread through Dog Rock ‘M are usually initiated by Barry Bitterbest. B® have on occasions made their way into tourist information, 1 are valued more when they bear little relationship to the truth. BS have led to an irretrievable breakdown in communication Test 4 - Section | - Page 23° Inthe phrase "it may oblige one", the word "it" refers to A’ verbal grooming. “B_ the tourist information. SEEEE spreading malicious gossip. Se: D_ the town's weapon of control. ‘4, The "ugly situation" that the writer refers to is the inability of the town to cope with rapid population growth. effect of modem development on traditional community attitudes development of areas in the town where people do not engage in gossip. influx of people who are not interested in preserving the classical nature of the town, jew! doing | Adored [Lain aid ool ef (ea La 5. The word closest in meaning to "moribund" as it is used in the oases chee wesitvidd [closed (ort 4 peta insular. ~ vii isolated! viytiel ae 7€ degraded: AE i remote, < . SD, stagnant, i < us Haw | peter = Y ~ didotahna /diceant fall 6 When the writer says, “An inventive and productive flow of malicious gossip is a diagnostic sign of good health in a town", he is ah creating humour by using a paradoxical statement, 3 being euphemistic when describing the town. making an ambiguous statement regarding the residents, trying to separate fact from fiction. 7 Which of the following words is the writer LEAST likely to use in describing the residents of cal af town? 7 reepubhol fi dernks fyartius/ebed tint] pn | “& manipulative LG deferential “ es hypocritical «De disparaging byline, 8 The writer's overall intention in this passage is to oh A, provide a cynical exposé of the pettiness of life in small towns. “B, lament the changing nature of country towns treat a serious subject with inappropriate levity. “=D expose many commonly held misconceptions Test 4 - Section | - Page 3UNIT 2 Questions 9- 14 STAND UP COMIC From its donkey ears to its dangling forepaws to its Bozo feet and clumsy, dragging tail, the animal looks like an hilarious evolutionary experiment, a very impractical joke. Its ludicrous design (is that a head poking out of that pouch?) and pogo-stick locomotive style suggest that this upright model was not thoroughly tested before its release onto the scorching plains of Australia. Appearances aside, autis largest marsupial - some males stand 2 metres and weigh 90 kilograms - is one of its most,adept Survivors. Inside and out the Red Kengaroo is supremely adapted to life on 2 frying pan. A specialised digestive system, for example, allows the animal to go two weeks without water. Another secret to its success is its low metabolic rate and a remarkable ability to conserve energy, even when bounding at speeds up to 65 kph. Scientists have found that kangaroos expend less energy hopping than four-legged mammals use running. eat Despite the fact that they are hunted by the millions to make purses, shoes and a myriad of other of Products in the same country where they are a cherished national emblem, Red Kangaroos are si", holding their own, Recent estimates place the species" population at more than 8.5 million. git fio" ele So maybe there is a method to the Red Kangaroo's mad design after all, "It is truly the/épitome of” Australia" says Michael Kennedy, director of Australia's Humane Society Intemational: "These _ beasts are magnificent. They're huge. They're powerful. They survive where you or T would die ina few days. Not only that, they can live in this region and cope with being shot at seven days a week. That has to be admired.” In the introductory paragraph the author treats his subject > with indifference callously. bone h¢ 2 € flippantly D with Contempt. 5-0 10 By using the image of the ‘frying pan’, the author is telling readers that the Red Kangaroo is an endangered species. lives in hot, dry places. can adapt to many environments. is now being eaten by many Australians Test 4 - Section | - Page 4indehinitely 11 The author exaggerates when he uses the word ‘myriad’. His likely purpose is to show how widespread the species has become. ss show how exploited this species is. Ry Boa bn pecvrlstre, reinforce the view that the species is very resilient. ow"h/ irre pr promote the commercial possibilities of the species. ; The phrase, ‘holding their own’, suggests that red kangaroos 12 Keep their young in pouches. B congregate in mobs for protection é are not diminishing in number. continue to be an important Australian symbol. 13 Michael Kennedy believes that the Red Kangaroo % has been exploited and is now an endangered species. § should be better protected by the Humane Society. deserves more respect than it is currently receiving. & has earned the right to be the Australian national emblem. 14 Overall, this passage emphasises the fact that Kangaroos are GB snazing survives. 3 Bs, Australia's national emblem, & not treated humanely enough. » a popular tourist attraction Test 4 - Section | - Page 5UNIT 3 Questions 15 - 19 SUPERSTITIONS To many people, superstition is nothing more than a blindly accepted belief, an unreasonable notion pr an irrational fear. Yet these same people studiously avoid stepping on cracks, wouldn't dream of opening an umbrella indoors, and cringe at the thought of cracking a mirror. Even Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, had a few odd notions about luck. He used to get so worried that his theories would be rejected that he took to smashing a precious crystal vase before any of them were published, believing that this meant that he had paid for his success. Many superstitious beliefs may now appear nonsensical but they assume far more meaning when seen.in their original context. The belief that spilling salt brings about bad luck, for instance, dates back to the time when salt was so precious it was used as money. Spilt salt was considered the work of the devil who, it was believed, lurked behind the left shoulder. Throwing a pinch of salt over that shoulder was designed either to ptacate)him or to hit him in the eyes ‘ eM “The origins of the most infamous superstition - of all - fear ofthe number 13 are equally intiguing. Many believe that it has something to do with the fact that 13 were present at Christ's last supper. Because it preceded the Crucifixion, the number has been taken as an omen of misfortune and death. Today this fear is alive and well - so much so that psychologists have invented a name for it Morbid fear of the number 13 is known as triskaidekaphobia. While many will laugh at it, dismissing it as an old wives' tale, others take it very seriously indeed. According to the US science magazine, Discover, the phenomenon costs America $USI billion a year in absenteeism, cancellations and lost business on the 13th of each month. In deference to this, many hotels omit room numbers ending in 13, office blocks go without a 13th floor and some streets have no houses numbered 13 As to why people in this day and age still cling to such belief, some scholars have suggested that recourse to superstition is fuelled by people's desire to make sense of a chaoti¢ world. They say that some people are not ashamed to admit they are superstitious, but many others try to rationalise it either by arguing that superstitions are harmless or that they are beautiful customs worth preserving, 15 The contradiction that is dealt with in Paragraph | is wezezzX the unnatural fears of some people and the existence of superstitions =< s=="B.. the dictionary definition of superstition as an unreasonable notion —-, ENE’ the existence of blindly accepted beliefs and irrational fears Seema the lack of logic in superstitions and people's belief in them Test 4 - Section | - Page 616 The words "Even Sigmund Freud" (Paragraph 2) are used to show that Freud ysemeA was also an authority on superstitions =— SEB will always be regarded as the father of psychoanalysis, "ZSEC_ velieved in superstitions, in spite of his scientific background IP p “Bap practised psychoanalysis, despite his superstitious nature 17 Paragraph 5 is concemed with A, how a superstition spreads Be how widespread a superstition can be & the beginnings of superstition “Ds types of superstition 18 The phenomenon in Paragraph $ refers to va, cancellation of and lost business each month BBS the morbid fear of number 13, triskaidekaphobia > any old wives! tale — BD when the 13th fails on a Friday 19 The last paragraph seeks to explain Beviy people today still adhere to superstitions 2B people's need to rationalise superstitious beliefs 2 how people use superstitions to change their lives people's attempts to understand events in their lives Test 4 - Section | - Page 7UNIT 4 Questions 20-27 Mexico - The Facts Basic Indicators Mexico is placed 46th out of 160 countries on the Human Development Index of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This index ranks countries according to life expectancy, education and income. Mexico falls just within the ‘high human development’ band, which is headed by Canada. © Life expectancy at birth 1990: 69.7 years (US 75.9) + Adult literacy rate 1990: 87% (US 99%) © Mean years of schooling 1990; 4.7 (US 12.3) * Under 5 mortality rate 1991 37 (US 11) ® Index of food production 1991: 97 Per cent of population with access to: * safe water (1988-90): 71 * adequate sanitation (1988-90): 77 * health services (1 985-88): 78 Rich and Poor Income distribution within Mexico is starkly unequal, leaving almost one-third of the population below the poverty line even by official calculations, Just 35 of Mexico's richest families take more than the poorest 15 million Mexicans. Distribution of household income, 1989 {per cent of total national income eamed by each tenth ofthe population) Household Decile Percent of total national fpcome 37.9 15.6 m4 9.0 73. 59 a7 3.7, 2.8 1.6 Test 4 - Section | - Page 8Shaping Up Mexico is applying to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the ‘Club’ to which the world's 24 richest countries belong. Government expenditure as a proportion of national income (GDP) is less than half the OECD average. Income distribution is considerably worse OECD average | Mexico ‘Area (million ka’) 13 2.0 Population (millions) 35.7 86.3 Tota! output (billions $) 684.4 2414 Employment as % of population 327 288 Government expenditure as % 466 26.0 Labour share of GDP 314 246 | GDP per capita 21438 5482 Eroded Environment Mexico's generally mountainous environment is extremely fragile. Much of the surface area is either desert or forests on thin sloping soils which are vulnerable to erosion. Just one-fifth of Mexico's land area is not affected by erosion at all. Soil Erosion in Mexico (1991) | Million Hectares Percent of Total No erosion 39 21 Tow erosion 31 7 Moderate erosion 72 39 — Very severe erosion 24 13 20 Which of the following is NOT a United Nations basic indicator of human development? BH population size. economic factors. quality of water supply. access to health facilities BOBS 21 From the information presented it is possible to tell that the OECD. Show has invited Mexico to become a member. is limited to twenty-four member countries. includes some of the world’s wealthiest countries. was founded to protect the interests of the rich countries. Test 4 - Section |- Page 922 Compared with the OECD countries, Mexico is ranked most highly in terms of its area, size of population and total output. population size, GDP per capita and its total output. level of employment, Government expenditure and CDP per capita, Government expenditure, population size and level of employment, yg neve. Which of the following statements about Mexico's population is NOT true? & The poorest 30% receive less than 10% of household ineome. The richest 10% receive more than 30% of household income. Gy The poorest 30% receive more than 30% of household income. The richest 10% receive more than 10% of houschold income 24 The statistics reveal that over 70% of Mexican people Z are unable to read and write, é have access to medical facilities. do not have access to safe water. SD" live to be older than 69.7 years. 25 The overview of Mexico that this information presents is mainly social, economic and political environmental, political and social. economic, environmental and social political, environmental and economic, 26 You could conclude from the information that Seek most Mexican children do not complete their primary school education. ssexaoH, most Mexican people do not have access to proper sanitation. wen ‘C- food production in Mexico has increased since 1991 semmfJ™ life expectancy in Mexico is decreasing. eee 27. According to the information presented sms. the countries with a high level of human development are only those countries in the OECD. - Canada has the highest level of human development as measured by the UNDP. fewer than 46 countries are in the group which has a high level of human development. Mexico is not included in the group which has a high level of human development. Test 4 - Section | - Page 10UNIT 5 Question 28 There they aré, Sid ... the good old white cliffs of Dover." 28 The best interpretation of the cartoon is Z hark cages should be mandatory equipment for distance swimmers, Trainers tend to push their protégés too hard. Seeing your goal makes it easier to.achieve it Watching someone do something is not as hard as actually doing it Test 4 - Section |- Page 11UNIT 6 Questions 29 - 35 ‘The Man Who Fell To Earth He thought for a moment, and then said, ‘Show him in.’ ‘The maid had been right; the man was very odd. Tall, thin, with white hair and a fine, delicate bone structure. He had smooth skin and a boyish face -but the eyes were very strange, as though they_were weak, over-sensitive, yet with a look that was old and wise and tired. The man wore an expensive dark grey suit_ He walked to a chair and sat down carefully easing himself into the seat as if he were carrying a great deal of weight. Then he looked at Farnsworth and smiled. ‘Oliver Farnsworth?! "Would you like a drink, Mr. Newton?” ‘A glass of water, please.’ Farnsworth mentally shrugged his shoulders’ and relayed the order to the maid, Then, when she had left", he looked at his guest and leaned slightly forward with that universal gesture which means, ‘Let's get on with it.’ Newton, however, remained sitting erect, his long, thin hands folded in his lap, and said, "You are good with patents, I understand?’ There was a trace of an accent in his voice and his enunciation was too precise, too formal. Famsworth could not identify the accent. "Yes,' Farnsworth said, and then, somewhat curtly, I have office hours, Mr. Newton.’ Newton seemed not to hear this. His tone was gentle, waim, 'T understand, in fact, that you are the best man in the United States with patents. Also that you are very expensive.’ "Yes. I'm good.” ‘Fine,’ the other said. He reached down beside his chair and lifted his brief case. "And what do you want?" Farnsworth looked at the clock again ‘I would like to plan some things with you. The tall man was taking an envelope from his case. ‘Isn't it pretty late?” Newton had opened the envelope and he now withdrew a thin sheaf of bills, wrapped with a rubber band. He looked up and smiled genially. ‘Would you please come and get these? It is very difficult for me to walk. My legs.' Annoyed Famsworth pulléd himself up from his chair to the tall "man, took the money, retuned and sat down. They were thousand-dollar bills." ‘There ate ten of them,' Newton said. You're being pretty damn melodramatic, aren't you? He put the stack into the pocket of his lounging-jacket. 'Now what's this for?” Test 4 - Section | - Page 12For tonight,’ Newton said. ‘For about three hours of your close attention, "But why, for heaven's sake, at night?” ‘The other shrugged his shoulders casually. Oh, several reasons. Privacy is one of them.’ "You could have had my attention for less than ten thousand dollars.” "Yes. But I also wanted to impress you with the importance of our talk.’ ‘Well.’ Farnsworth settled back in his chair, ‘Let's talk.’ The thin man seemed relaxed, but he did not lean back. ‘First,’ he said, ‘how much money do you make a year, Mr. Famsworth?” ‘Tm not on salary.’ "Well then, How much money did you make last year?" "All right. You've paid ‘for it. About one hundred forty thousand.’ ‘Ise. You are, as these things go, then, wealthy? "Yes.! “But you'd like more?" This was becoming ridiculous. It was like a cheap television programme. But the other man was paying; it was best to go along with it, He took a cigarette from a leather case and said, 'Of course Td like more.’ Newton leaned just a bit forward this time. 'A great deal more, Mr. Farnsworth?’ he said, smiling, beginning to enjoy the situation enormously. This was television too, of course, but it got across. "Yes," he said” and then, ‘Cigarette?’ He held the case out to his guest. Ignoring’ the offer, the man with the white, curly hair, said, ‘I can make you very rich, Mr. Farnsworth, if you can devote your next five years entirely to me. ‘The Mani Who Fell To Earth, Walter Tavs, 1976. Pan Backs , London, pp. 15-16. 29 The passage suggests Famsworth’s occupation is engineer, dentist accountant lawyer 30 It may be reasonable to infer from the passage that Newton has stolen some patents ye is an American, Newton's offer to Farnsworth is Newton is a heavy smoker. associated with patents. é Test 4 - Section | - Page 1331 The main purpose of the passage is to & Introduce all the major characters in the novel. GB Satirize the role of lawyers in business. ® Create a sense of mystery about Newton and his plans. B Provide entertainment to the reader. * 32 Implicit in the passage is that AG There are certain clichéd styles of communication synonymous with television drama. “By There are no beings from other worlds only people pretending as on television. 2 Society needs lawyers to efficiently order its affairs, Everyone wants to become as rich as they possibly can. 33 In the context of the passage, the phrase, "easing himself into the seat as if he were carrying @ great deal of weight" is most likely to suggest that a Farnsworth was overweight. = Newton had a problem that was worrying Newton had some difficulty in moving. a ‘Newton was overweight. 34 The overall point made by the statement, "Yes. But I also wanted to impress you with the... importance of our talk." is that Famsworth is stressing that as patent lawyer his time is very valuable and expensive. offer. Farnsworth is hungry for money and power. S ‘Newton is stressing that he wanted to quickly convince Farnsworth of the magnitude of his % Newton is a very clever, worldly and manipulative businessman, 35 Which of the following best summarises the passage? é A strange man pays a lawyer ten thousand dollars for three hours work. A strange scientist speaks to a patent lawyer about becoming very rich. A lawyer is about to become very rich. One man offers another man the opportunity to become very rich, Test 4 - Section | - Page 14UNIT 7 Question 36 "But where's the justice? This sunset is available to any bum." 36 The best interpretation of this cartoon is: The woman is happy and ber husband is an ingrate. Justice is a concept, not a rule. icenes of beauty are available to all people Sunset is the most beautiful time of day a t 4 - Section | - Page 15UNIT & Questions 37 - 43 TIED TO THE TV - WHAT KEEPS US WATCHING Psychologists in the United States have examined compulsive TV viewers and given this state of mind the controversial label of addiction. These people tum to television for solace: when they are feeling down, despite negative effects on their emotions and social functioning. Other symptoms of television addiction are said to include lack of selectivity in watching programmes, feeling a loss of control when viewing, feeling angry for watching so much, not being able to stop watching and feeling miserable when kept from watching. Experts in Australia, however, are wary of the notion of television addiction. Dr Patricia Edgar, director of the Children's Television Foundation says, "I don't believe it is addictive in the sense we understand addiction in a drug-dependent person." She does believe that some people become dependent on television to compensate for inadequacies in other aspects of their lives e.g. some families who don't communicate use TV to "fill in the silence”. Also for people for whom life is not an exciting experience, TV is a soft option as they don't have the energy, initiative or drive to do anything else. Some children watch a lot of TV because they don't have a lot of friends or are not doing well at school. Dr Susan Kippax, senior lecturer in Psychology at Macquarie University, who specialises in mass media, has a simpler explanation of what keeps people in front of the screen. She says, "I don't think being drawn to the screen has anything to do with the TV as such, but with a visual moving stimulus in your_peripheral vision." She sees TV as a partly because a lot of programming isbanal TV is spoken of as an addiction whereas you Would never dream of saying someone is addicted to books if they read for a couple of hours a.day. "But instead of looking at the problems that face people, looking at why people are sq'impoverished that hey can't go out or have not had a decegt education, we blame TV. Spl vito is made a ‘dita unrigrd bec Fy ded do Bl Sr, hh 37 According to American psychologists, TV wee or suber indhayr piece prefer TV to their friends eo care what they watch hhave no self-control SB have no desire to do other things 38 According to Dr Patricia Edgar a theory of dependence and not addiction is more appropriate the US definition of TV addiction is too complex: TV addiction can be compared with drug addiction personality disorders are the cause of TV dependence Test 4 - Section |- Page 1639 De Kippax and Dr Edgar agree that people find it easier to watch TV than to read a book economic circumstances are a factor leading to excessive TV watching TV addiction is a result of personal inadequacies the programmes that are offered on TV are not worth watching 40 The main point made by Dr Kippax is that A the reasons for people's dependence on TV should be examined dB. poor education leads to excessive TV watching < the programme content draws people to TV treatment should be made available to TV addicts 41 The "simpler explanation" for TV addiction that Dr Kippax offers is related to the af educational deprivation of the addicts external stimulus that TV provides J types of TV programmes that are available eh personality deficiencies of the addicts 8 A "soft option" is taking the easiest course of action that is available a choice that does not take into account previous experience Saal doing something that one feels comfortable with acting on something without thinking about it 5 6 A person who uses TV to "fill in the silence" is likely to be someone who cannot relate to family members does not have any social skills does not make friends easily is,not a good conversationalist Wy Test 4 - Section | - Page 17UNIT 9 Questions 44-51 AUSTRALIA These four quotations are about Australia, Each is identified at the start by the name of the author. HOPE And her five cities, like five teeming sores, Each drains her: a vast parasite robber-state Where second-hand Europeans pullulate Timidlyjon the edge of alien shores. MURDOCH Your suburban villa, and even your Shakespeare Society, are just as much parts of the real Australia as Chambers’ Pillar; more's the pity, perhaps, but the fact is so. The cities we have built may be plagiarisms, but they are as real as the vast sunburnt land on whose outer edge we have chosen to build them... All we mean by "the real Australia" - if we mean anything - is the distinctive Australia, the Australia which is different from other lands, the Australia which is not a plagiarism from Europe or America; the huge island-continent which we have the-effiontery to say we inhabit. Most of us have never even seen it; we have camped on its outermost fin] and are content to stay there. PENTON 4 hard country, a rather terrifying - because an empty and quiet - country. We have not fitted ourselves into it. We cannot bear its continental immensity. We huddle together in cities ying to keep our eyes away from its grey emptiness, its burning plains, its silent bush, its oppressive monotony. We do not love it. We hate it. PRINGLE But the westerly is the voice of Australia, This is the true aboriginal wind, hard and lean and dry as the bones of dead sheep. Like the continent itself, it scems hostile to the white man who has swarmed on the sea-board, 44 The tone of the poem by Hope is one of =A conciliation. egexbi condescension f pa = = elk condemnation. ‘een consternation. (Ssmaylalarenl ov Bes bas bans dor iin 43. Hope and Penton would probably describe the European settlers as being —,. 7 1 dicldite cy he lnane 6 rinid [bib TE tivotous, {pyran (clit olds eer isenie. —jpptosable [anradepll ri ‘be a jew larmned f fe paspr | cequtsils 8 SSE. apprehensive. cuyxiousMiain/alarrite! SEB. mercenary’ qe Aeepre | acgrtituel rdf by! t= set ay Test 4 - Section | - Page 1846 When Murdoch says, "The cities we have built may be plagiarisms" he means that Australian cities are & copies of European and American cities B refuges from inland Australia, @ representative of the real Australia “SB less attractive than the cities of other lands 47 Hope and Pringle share the view that & Europeans tend to swarm on the coastal rim of Australia, 4 European settlement has affected the balance of nature. Epraropean are frightened by the immensity of the outback, 1)” Europeans do not understand the nature of the land they have adopted 48 To Pringle, the westerly represents & droughts which kill livestock. B the voice of Australia's indigenous people. an angry voice raised against the cities. the spirit of the inland of Australia, 49 The writer who shows the most distaste for those who live in the coastal cities of Australia is 4 Pringle. Se Penton. Murdoch, “Bo Hope. 50 Which of the following statements is correct? Pringle and Murdoch find the harsh nature of Australia appealing, Penton and Murdoch identify with the coastal inhabitants of Australia, Penton and Murdoch show a great distaste for the vast land of Australia, Hope and Murdoch fel that coastal settlement has been detrimental to Austalia 51 Which of the following points is NOT made in the quotations? Cesare) - fk European culture bas displaced indigenous culture CE Transplanted Europesn culture can be considered to be part of Australia, ‘The majority of Australians know little about their vast continent Australia is a blend of things unique and things borrowed. Test 4 - Section | - Page 19UNIT 10 Questions 52 - 58 MAGNETIC ISLAND Captain Cook named Magnetic Island in June 1770, apparently for the effect that he wrongly supposed it had had on his ship's compasses. This was during a cruise along the east coast of Australia that would later be disastrously interrupted when the Endeavour struck a reef off what is now Cooktown. Magnetic Island, reduced in local parlance to the lamentable diminutive "Maggie", supports a permanent population of 2500. Significant numbers of them commute daily to work on the mainland. It is also the prime place of resort for the people of Townsville, who come for a day, ‘or a weekend, to stay in pubs or uniis, in their own shacks, or on camping grounds. Few holiday sites in Australia are so dependent on parochial custom. Perhaps because that is what the locals prefer, there has been little effort to advertise the charms of Magnetic Island in other states of Australia, or abroad. Its image is down-home end down-market, The island is infested, overrun by Mini-Mokes, driven at speed by people of all ages who smile and yell. That was one thing I was to discover shortly, as the catamaran picked up speed to 20 knots, crossed the channel and headed for the island's main jetty at Picnic Bay. ‘This tuned out to be a substantial settlement, but so artfully distributed among trees that no sense of its size could be gained from the water. The natural landscape was at once arresting, for on Magnetic Island both pines and palms grow profusely, as if this were at the same time a temperate and a tropical corner of the world. The pines go down to the water, rooted among the bleached, grey, granite boulders that are the distinct geological feature of the island. Often the trees are heeled over, as if in memory of the last or anticipation of the next cyclonic winds. 52 The intention of the first two sentences is to illustrate the importance of explorers’ discoveries explain why Cook was delayed on his voyage, * place the island in an historical context. AD describe the physical features of the island 53 The words, "infested, overrun", suggest that the writer thinks that Mini-Mokes are in plague proportions. a threat to local wildlife, the most suitable vehicles for the terrain, the equivalent of a public transport system. Test 4 - Section | - Page 2054 The writer implies that the name "Maggie" €& shows that the locals have resisted tourism. B unfairly detracts from the image of the island. g creates confusion for people on the mainland. ‘By was first used by Captain Cook, 55. The lack of overseas tourists can most likely be attributed to the fact that SA the island is not widely advertised overseas. B there is no easy transport to the island @ parts of the island are considered dangerous. D, the weather on the island discourages visitors. 56 According to the article, Magnetic Island is unlike most other Australian holiday places because most of its visitors come from a nearby city. there are permanent residents. 6 visitors like to stay for extended periods of time. BD’ a catamaran provides transport to the mainland, 57 The writer feels that the granite boulders & help to make the landscape eye-catching. 2 are of interest only to geologists. help to support the fragile ecosystem. 3 emphasise the tropical nature of the island. ‘8 In the passage, the reader is given information about which of the following? the size of the island the wildlife which inhabits the island 9 the range of holiday accommodation on the island € 5 TP the occupations of the island's residents Test 4 - Section | - Page 21UNIT 11 Questions 59 - 66 ON THE MEKONG When we zigzagged our way through the first major rapids with rocks perilously: close on either side, I thought it was time to get to know the captain whose boat we had hired Xiang Kaen Chan greeted me in a friendly fashion but didn't look up when I entered his cabin. In fact, he seldom took his eyes from the water during our conversation. He explained that on a stretch of river where there arc no navigational aids or markers and where the channels can change after heavy rain, "the most important thing is to watch the water and know how to avoid the submerged rocks and sandbars. You must read this river all the time." L tied to look for the ominous churnings and dips in the water thet signalled an obstacle just below the surface. Yet he headed for parts of the river I would have avoided, and avoided sections I would have chosen. It seemed like awfully difficult detective work. Still, Xiang had a wealth of experience on this stretch of the Mekong. He began his apprenticeship thirty-nine years ago, when he was seventeen. He used to help load and unload cargo, tend the engine and assist the captain. Gradually, he got to know the river in all its moods. He became a captain in 1962. "Tye only had two accidents," he said. "The first was in 1975 when I hit a sandbar. But we were able to push the boat off without damage or loss. The second was more serious. I hit a rock. We lost the boat but managed to get the passengers and the engine off. Salvaging as much as you can is important when you don't have insurance." Replacing a river boat like the one he captains would be expensive - about $438,000 including the Japanese engine. Accidents are not uncommon. We saw several wrecks on our journey to Luang Prabang. To avoid disaster, Xiang said, a river captain needed spiritual guidance as well as human skill. A framed colour photograph of a Buddhist monk in saffron robes was pinned to one wall of the cabin, “This monk is a wise and holy man," he said. "I have visited him three times in his monastery in Burma. Now I think he helps to guide me on the right course." On the other wall was a small altar with joss sticks, balls of glutinous rice, and a number of devotional objects. "These are offerings to the spirit of the boat and the spirit of the river," Xiang said. "They, too, have helped me to escape a fatal accident.” A kind of insurance and re-insurance, I thought, as we passed harmlessly through another set of rapids. 59 The author's decision to talk to the captain seems to have arisen from a feeling of terror. a sense of excitement. a need to be reassured an idle curiosity. Test 4 - Section | - Page 2260 The captain talked to the author about several things. In order these were his bx knowledge of the river; career; accidents; religious beliefs §B knowledge of the river; career; religious beliefs; accidents. accidents; knowledge of the river; religious beliefs; career. career; accidents; knowledge of the river; religious beliefs. 61 When the captain said he had to "read this river all the time", he meant that he had to & take advice from experienced people. a know where the old channels were. interpret the bebaviour of the water. follow his maps closely. The captain's confidence in his own skills is best shown by bis maintenance ofa small altar. willingness to talk while navigating reliance on navigational aids. purchase of an expensive Japanese engine. pursued, g overcame, endured. & negotiated. 64 The captain inspires confidence because of his ability to plan, spiritual qualities past experience. level of education, ‘The author used the word "perilously" in the first sentence and "harmlessly" in the last. This shows that the author has learnt to read the water. has made a sound judgement is more relaxed about his safety. approves of the captain's spiritual beliefs. 62 63 The phrase "zigzagged our way through" in the first paragraph could be replaced by the word 65 66 The group of words which best reflects the qualitiés of the captain is religious; capable; friendly. friendly; nervous; thoughtful religious; accident-prone; insecure. accident-prone; thoughtful; capable. Test 4 - Section | - Page 23