Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Collins - Cobuild Key Words For IELTS Book 3 Advanced

    Uploaded by

    Phạm Thu Hà
    9 views384 pages

    Original Title

    Collins - Cobuild Key Words for IELTS Book 3 Advanced

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views384 pages

    Collins - Cobuild Key Words For IELTS Book 3 Advanced

    Uploaded by

    Phạm Thu Hà

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 384
    Collins COBUILD Key Words HarperCollins Publishers Entered words that we have reason Westerhill Road tobelieve constitute trademarks Bishopbriggs have been designated as such. Glasgow However, neither the presence nor G642QT absence of such designation should be regarded as affecting the legal Firstedition20n status of any trademark, Reprint 10 987654322 Editorial staff ‘© HarperCollins Publishers 20. Senior editor ISBN 978-0-00-736547-0 Julie Moore Collins ® isaregistered tademarkof Project manager HarperCollins PublishersLimited Lisa Sutherland ‘woww.collinslanguage.com Contributors Sandra Anderson A catalogue record for this bookis JamieFlockhart available from the British Library Lucy Hollingworth Virginia Klein ‘Typeset by Davidson Publishing Claire Newton Solutions, Glasgow _~ Cerwyss O'Hare kate Wild Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, Stlvesple For the publishers Lucy Cooper Kerry Ferguson Alltights reserved. No part of, Gavin Gray this book may be reproduced, Elaine Higgleton stored ina retrieval system, or transmittedinanyformorbyany Computing support ‘means, electronic, mechanical, ‘Thomas Callan photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior The publishers would like to thank permission in writing of the the following fortheir invaluable Publisher.Thisbookis soldsubject_ _ contribution tothe series: tothe conditions that it shall Sharon Chalmers not, by way of trade or otherwise, Rachael Clarke belent,re-sold, hired out or Jane Cursiter otherwise circulated without the Patrick Hubbuck publisher's prior consent in any Martin Jenkins, form of binding or cover other than that in which itis published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser, Introduction Pronunciation guide Guide to entries Wordlists Sciences Social sciences Arts Multi-disciptine Academic study Academic word list KeywordsA-Z contents, 67 10 5 19 a 28 29 3B 4 introduction Collins COBUILD KeyWords for IELTS: Book3Advancedis the final book inthe KeyWords for IELTS series. Itcovers the words and phrases that will help you toraisethe level of your English toachieve the high IELTS scorerequired by some universities for more challenging courses and postgraduate study. Mastering the vocabulary in this book will give you the skills youneed to confidently use Academic English in an English-medium university context. The first section of the book consists of word lists organized by subject and topic area. You can use these lists to help you revise sets of vocabulary or when preparing for writing tasks. The words re grouped into academic subject areas, such as Scienceand History, common topics suchas social issues and the environment, as wellas according tofunetions, suchas talking about cause and effect or describing trends. ‘The second section of the book contains alphabetically ordered dictionary- style entries for key words and phrases. The vocabulary items have been chosen tofully prepare you for the kind of language found in the IELTS exam. ‘The words and phrases regularly appear in the most common IELTS topics, and are clearly labelled by subject area. More formal vocabulary has been included so that you can feel confident using a more sophisticated style in IELTS writing tasks andacademicessays. Each word is illustrated with examples of natural English taken from the Collins corpusand reflects the style of language used in IELTS texts. As well as definitions and examples, entriesinclude additional information about collocations, as well as usage notes to help you putthe vocabulary you have learnt into practice Words from the same root, for example. coincide, coincidence, coincidental, are shown together to help you make these vital links between words. By understanding how these words relate to each other, you will beable to vary the way you express your ideas, which will help improve your writing and speaking skills. - ‘Thereare synonyms and antonyms at each entry tohelp you widen your range of vocabulary and create more varietyin your writing style. ‘The Extend your vocabulary boxes help you understand the differences between sets of similar words, so you can be surethat your Englishis accurate and natural We hope you enjoy preparing for IELTS using Collins COBUILD KeyWords for IELTS. The vocabulary in these books will help you to not only achieve the IELTS score youre aiming for, but will equip you for success in the future Pronunciation guide 5 We have used the International Phonetic Alphabet (|PA) to show how the words are pronounced. IPA Symbols Vowel Sounds Consonant Sounds a: calm,ah b bed, rub 2 act, mass a done, red at dive, cry fj Atif aia fire, tyre 9 9004, dog av out, down h hat, horse ava_—__flour, sour i yellow, you e met, lend, pen k king, pick er say, weight 1 lip, bil © fair, care m mat, ram 1 fit. win n not, tin z seem, me P pay, lip 1B near, beard r run, read > lot, spot s soon, bus ev note, coat t talk, bet 2: claw, more v van, love ot boy, joint w win, wool 8 could, stood x loch uw you, use 2 200, buzz va sure, pure J ship, wish = turn, third 3 measure, leisure fund, must 3 sing, working a the first vowel in about y cheap, witch 6 thin, myth a then, bathe 43 Joy, bridge Notes Primaryand secondary stress are shown by marks above and below the line, in frontof the stressed syllable, For example, in the word abbreviation, /abri:vi'erfan/, the second syllable has secondary stress and the fourth syllable has primary stress. ‘We do not normally show pronunciations for compound words (words which are made up of more than one word). Pronunciations for the words that make up the compounds are usually found at their entries in other parts of the book. However, compound words do have stress markers. 6 guide to dictionary entries Headwordsare ‘abelstellyou ‘Words from lorganizedin moreabout how the Academic alphabetical andwhenthe Word tistare order. wordisused highlighted <— atftain joven, tion seagate Eleven mr] syovapeathsometnng yougainitorachieetotenateralotof for: fromuat] othebest way to atin the objectives four strategy Business has eto otan esol tas has cther counties ‘Youcantakabout reaching ocaenieving something ike 2 goalora level 2 Teterpeature reached he required level >There are Simpler ways ofecheving the same rest _Atsain sa more formal verb, used especialy totalkabout getting toahighorrespectedlevel, 2aboakthetintime tained hestatusof ‘close atitainiment /srenmany qammene oun [vote atinmentofindepencence >theredtionaeteinments ttanmeet sone [eeanetion| eatarmentotaveal boxes help ‘educational/academic2tginments increase your > sewonrus: achievement size understanding > anronte ature Jofthe word ss Jandwhento allocations Synonymsand) [labelsshow | Se! _] helpyouput lantonymshelp | [common thewordinto ‘expand your ‘grammatical practice vocabulary Patterns guide to dictionary entries 7 (Subjectareas arehighlighted andtinkthe word to the hematicword (Pronunciation es Word classes are shown for ‘every meaning ofthe word Multrijent /njuctriont, axe ‘nu:-/ (masters) qm ‘oun Nutrients are substances that hep plantsand animals to grow thereof wegtabefibes, tains, nero anda esentil tents Suerte teed nents lds sora. ely > couoghrions: beptbysupply/contain/lack nutients spfential/vea/oaslemportane nutrients nos: vitamin, mineral TELTS-style Definitions ‘examples show explain what how the word theword isusedin meansin context simpte language 8 guide to grammatical labels Allthewordsin the dictionary section have grammar information given about ‘them. For each word, its word class is shown after the headword. The sections below show more information about each wordclass. ADJECTIVE Anadjectiveis a word that is used for telling you more about a person or thing, You would use an adjective to talk about appearance, colour, size, or other qualities, e.g. He has been absent from his desk fortwoweeks ADVERB Anadverbisa word that gives more information about when, how, or wheresomething happens, e.g. The costs ofeach port ofthe process can be measured fairly accurately. COMBINING FORM Acombining formis word thatisjoined with another word, usually witha hyphen, to form compounds, e.g. the most injury-prone rider onthecircuit. CONVENTION Aconventionisa word ora fixed phrase thats usedina specific situation, for example when greeting someone, apologizing or replying, €.9, hello NOUN Anounisaword that refers toa person, a thing, ora quality. In this book, the label nouns given toall countablenouns.A countable nounis used for talking about things that can be counted, and that have both singular and plural forms, e.g. Sheturned her head away, difficult nancial situations. PHRASALVERB Aphrasal verb consists of a verb and one or more particles, €.9. Allexperiments were carried out by three psychologists. PHRASE Phrasesare groups of words which are used together and which have ameaning oftheir own, e.g. Most schoolsare unwilling tocut down on staffin order. tacut costs. PLURALNOUN Apluralnounis always plural, andit s used with plural verbs, e.g. Hecalled the emergency services and they arrived within minutes. PREPOSITION Apreposition is aword suchas by. with, or from whichis always followed bya noun group or the -ing form ofa verb, e.g. Thethemes are repeated ‘throughout the film. PRONOUN Apronounisa word that youuse instead ofa noun, when youdo not need or want to name someone or something directly, e.g. Noone drug will suit everyone and sometimes several may haveto be trie. QUANTIFIER quantifier comes before ofanda noun group. e.g. the bulk of thetext. UNCOUNTABLENOUN Anuncountablenounis used for talking about things that are not normally counted, or that we do not think of as single items. Uncountable nouns donot havea plural form, and they are usedwith a singular verb, eg. Thereport hasinevitably been greeted with scepticism VERB Averbisaword thatis used for saying what someone or something does, orwhat happens to them, or to give information about them, e.g. Theethibtion [aces the history of graphic design. Word List SCIENCES “General science biochemistry (uncount) biochemical (adj) biochemist (noun) biotechnology (uncount) biotechnologist (noun) Scientific research apparatus uncount) gauge (verb. noun) laser (noun) Petri dish (noun) telescope (noun) test tube (noun) vacuum (noun) Scientific processes accelerate (verb) acceleration (uncount) activate (verb) activation (uncount) combustion (uncount) condense (verb) condensation (uncount) conduct (verb) ‘conduction (uncount) conductive od) conductivity (uncount) conductor (noun) contaminate (verb) contaminated (aj) contamination (uncount) contaminant (noun) contract (verb) contraction (noun) dehydrate verb) dehydrated (aj) dehydration (uncount) deplete (verb) depletion (uncount) dilute (verb, ad)) dilution (uncount, noun) disperse (verb) dispersal (uncount) dissolve (verb) evaporate (verb) evaporation (uncount) extract (verb) extraction (uncount) filter (verb, noun) harness (verb) synthesize verb) synthetic (ad) synthetically (adv) yield (verb, noun) Substances & qualities constituent (noun, adj) debris (uncount) dense (adj) density (noun) fibre (noun) permeable (ad) porous (adi) radioactive (adi) radiation (uncount) rawiad)) staple(adj, noun) The environment biodiversity (uncount) ecosystem (noun) fossil fuel noun) landfill (ancount) refuse (uncount) unspoiled (adi) Chemistry agent (noun) atom (noun) atomic (ad) chain reaction (noun) compound (noun) crystal (noun) dilute (verb. ad) dilution (uncount, noun) insoluble(ad) molecule noun) molecular (ad) periodic table (noun) | Physics | hydraulic (aa aa hydraulically (adv) atom (noun) hydraulics (uncount) ‘atomic (adj) hydroelectric (adj) electron (noun) hydroelectricity (uncount) neutron (noun) laser (noun) particle(noun) lens(noun) optical ad) prototype (noun) dynamic (adj, noun, plural, uncount) force (noun) iT hydraulic (adj) default (adj, uncount) hydraulically (adv) erase (verb) hydraulics (uncount) icon noun) hydroelectric (adj) interactive (adj) hydroelectricity (uncount) interface (noun, verb) kinetic(ad)) protocol (noun) momentum (uncount) silicon chip (noun) motion (uncount) ‘state-of-the-art (adj) propel (verb, comb) Maths | acoustic (uncount, adj) ——— analogue (adj) gonstant (noun) electrode (noun) deduct (verb) lens (noun) deduction (noun, uncount) optical (adj) integer (noun) reflect (verb) mean (noun) reflection (uncount) median (ad)) sonic (ad) power (noun) spectrum (noun) prime number (noun) terminal (adj, noun) theorem (noun) three-dimensional adi) a two-dimensional (adj) | Applied sciences | Engineering | Biology & medicine | analogue (adj) propel verb, comb) ‘Anatomy audio (ad) anatomy (uncount, noun) automate (vero) anatomical adj) automation (uncount) anatomically (adv) conduct (verb) artery (noun) ‘conduction (uncount) arterial (adj) conductive (adj) aural (adj) conductivity (uncount) cardiovascular (ad)) conductor (noun) cognitive ad) embryo (noun) hemisphere noun) Plants & animals immune (ad) amphibian (noun) jimmunity (uncount) amphibious (od)) immune system (noun) carnivore (noun) nervous system (noun) carnivorous (ad)) neural ad) colony (noun) neurology (uncount) colonial (ad) neurologist (noun) colonialism (uncount) oral (ad)) colonialist (ad, noun) orally (adv) colonize verb) pathology (uncount) fauna (noun) pathologist (noun) food chain (noun) skull noun) fossil noun) spine (noun) herbivore (noun) spinal (ad)) herbivorous (ad) vein (noun) hibernate (verb) hibernation (uncount) Biological processes host (noun) research hybrid (noun, adj) decay (verb, uncount) Jarva (noun) dormant (aaj) mammal noun) exhale (verb) marine (adj) exhalation (noun) migrate (vero) fertilize vero) migration (noun) fertilization (uncount) omnivorous (adi) inhale(verb) ‘omnivore (noun) inhalation (uncount) parasite (noun) reproduce vero) parasitic (ad) reproduction (uncount) pesticide (noun) respiration (uncount) predator (noun) respiratory (od)) predatory (ad) suppress (verb) prey (uncount, vert) suppression (uncount) reptile (noun) clone (noun, verb) biodiversity (uncount) DNA(uncount) ecosystem (noun) gene (noun) flourish (verb) Genetics (uncount) flourishing (aaj) genetic (a) indigenous (ad) genetically cav) ‘geneticist (roun) microbiology (uncount) ‘microbiological (od) microbiologist (noun) SCIENCES flora (uncount) immunize (vero) germinate (vert) immunization (noun) germination (uncount) pathology (uncount) nutrient (noun) pathologist (noun) photosynthesis (uncount) pharmaceutical adj, plural) pollen (noun) pharmacology (uncount) pollinate (verb) pharmacological (od)) pollination (uncount) pharmacologist (noun) unspoiled (adi) physiotherapy (uncount) vegetation (uncount) physiotherapist (noun) practitioner (noun) Psychiatry (uncount) adolescent (adj, noun) psychiatric oa) adolescence (uncount) psychiatrist (noun) breed (noun, verb) remedy (noun) mate (noun, verb) therapy (uncount, naun) maternal (ad) therapist (noun) ‘maternity (od) therapeutic (ad) nurture (verb, uncount) transplant (noun, verb) paternal adj) transplantation (uncount) vaccine (noun) Health vaccinate (verb) appetite (noun) vaccination (noun) blood pressure (uncount) carbohydrate (noun) Mines immune (adj) acute(ad) immunity (uncount) addict (noun) immune system (noun) ‘addiction (noun) intake noun) ‘addictive (ad) posture (noun) allergy (noun) postural (aj) allergic (od)) protein (noun) chronic(ad) chronically (adv) Healthcare deficient (adj, comb) administer (verb) deficiency (noun) anaesthetic (noun) dehydrate (verb) ‘anaesthetize (verb) dehydrated (ad) ‘anaesthetist (noun) dehydration (uncount) antibiotic (noun) epidemic (noun) antiseptic (noun, adi) obese (adj) dilute (verb, adj) ‘obesity (uncount) dilution (uncount, noun) overweight (adj) donate (vert) stroke (noun) donation (noun) syndrome noun) donor (noun, adj) terminal (adj, noun) dose (noun) ‘transmit verb) dosage noun) transmission (uncount) ‘trauma (uncount) Geography } equator (noun) ———— hemisphere (noun) ‘Astronomy latitude noun, ad) galaxy (noun) fongitude (noun, ad) unar(ad)) terrestrial ad) orbit (noun, verb) solar system (noun) arid (ad) Physical geography biodiversity (uncount) condense (verb) crater (noun) condensation (uncount) ecosystem (noun) cyclone (noun) fauna (noun) evaporate (verb) flora (uncount) evaporation (uncount) glacier (noun) hurricane (noun) marine (ad) meteorology (uncount) porous (adi) monsoon (noun) summit (noun) temperate (ad)) volcano (noun) tide (noun) volcanic (ad)) tidal (adi) typhoon noun) | Sociology | People & fa adolescent (adj, noun) adolescence (uncount) feminine (ag)) marital status (uncount) maternal adi) maternity (adi) paternal (ad)) eer (noun) ritual (noun) upbringing (uncount) Population census (noun) Civilian noun, ad) demography (uncount) demographic (aj, plural, noun) indigenous (adj) migrate verb) ‘migration (noun) opinion poll (noun) ‘overpopulation (uncount) per capita (adj. adv) Social difference deprived (adi) elite noun) elitist (od)) elitism (uncount) inequality (noun) material (adj) ‘materially (odv) multicultural ag) multiculturalism (uncount) privilege (noun, uncount) privileged (dj plural) prosperous (adj) prosperity (uncount) redistribute verb) redistribution (uncount) underprivileged (adj, plural) Social issues addict (noun) addiction (noun) addictive (adi) burden (noun) catastrophe (noun) catastrophic (ad) Catastrophically (av)

    You might also like