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Eletromagnetismo

∇⃗ ⋅ D ⃗ =
ρ
ϵ0 Aula de 19 de maio
⃗ ⃗ ∂B ⃗
∇× E =−
∂t Eletrostática
∇⃗ ⋅ B ⃗ = 0

∇ ⃗ × H ⃗ = j ⃗ + ϵ0
∂ D
∂t

Coordenadas esféricas
z
d~` = dr r̂ + r d✓ ✓ˆ + r sin ✓ d ˆ
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ˆ
✓ˆ

r

r cos ✓
@t 1 @t ˆ 1 @t ˆ
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~
rt = r̂ + ✓+
@r r @✓ r sin ✓ @ y

s ⌘ r sin ✓
x
2
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~ · ~v = 1 @(r v r ) 1 @(sin ✓v ✓ ) 1 @v
r 2
+ +
r @r r sin ✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @
h@ ⇣ ⌘ @v i
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1
~ ⇥ ~v =
r sin ✓v ✓

r sin ✓ @✓ @
h
1 1 @vr @ ⇣ ⌘i 1 h @ ⇣ ⌘ @vr ˆ
+ rv ✓ˆ + r v✓ ]
r sin ✓ @ @r r @r @✓
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
@2t
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2 1 @ 2 @t 1 @ @t 1
r t= 2 r + 2 sin ✓ + 2 2
r @r @r r sin ✓ @✓ @✓ r sin ✓ @ 2
Coordenadas cilíndricas
d~` = ds ŝ + s d ˆ + dz ẑ
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z

@T 1 @T ˆ @T
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ˆ
~
rT = ŝ + + ẑ
@s s@ @z ŝ
z
s
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~ 1 @(sv s ) 1 @v @v z x y
r · ~v = + +
s @s s @ @z
! !
⇣ @v @vz ⌘ ˆ 1
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~ ⇥ ~v = 1 @vz @v s @(sv ) @vs


r ŝ + + ẑ
s @ @z @z @s s @s @
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!
2 1 @ @T 1 @2T @2T
r T = s + 2 2
+
s @s @s s @ @z 2
Condições de contorno
y
Descontinuidade do campo elétrico
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~ · n̂ =

a
E~
E
✏0 A
++++++++++++++++++++ x

E~
b
B
Condições de contorno
y
Descontinuidade do campo elétrico
<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =

a
E~
E
✏0 A
++++++++++++++++++++ x

E~
b
B

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Z
V = ~ · d~`
E
Condições de contorno
y
Descontinuidade do campo elétrico
<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =

a
E~
E
✏0 A
++++++++++++++++++++ x

E~
b
B

<latexit sha1_base64="Rhq0nCuJiSHSj55tXenm79GGY1c=">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</latexit>

Z
V = ~ · d~`
E

<latexit sha1_base64="lTjaECoduC/U3Fnx9I2p9aa0qgU=">AAAC9XicdVFLixNBEO6Mr3VdNatHL42L4EFCT9w1u4eFBRU8rmCygUwIPT2VpElPd9Ndk4dD/oN49yZexZtXvfkT/Df2JC44ogUN1fXVV4+vUqukR8Z+NqIrV69dv7Fzc/fW3u07d5v793reFE5AVxhlXD/lHpTU0EWJCvrWAc9TBRfp7HmFX8zBeWn0G1xZGOZ8ouVYCo4hNGo+SV6AQk579JQmUmMyB0FfJvPMYJJlZfVNQKl1goayUfOAtTpH7ThmlLWeto/YSeXEnfiEHdK4xTZ2cHb4w/X32Lvz0X7jS5IZUeSgUSju/SBmFocldyiFgvVuUniwXMz4BAbLONY8Bz8sl5u91vRRQDM6Ni48jXQT/ZNS8tz7VZ6GzJzj1P+NVcF/YYMCx8fDUmpbIGixbTQuFA1LViLRTDoQqFbB4cLJMCwVU+64wCBlrQvK2dvaGqWXhZa4rO/GnTOLDNSwtNOVl8Jv4YqtZOq4W5WbYWskaxwWk0qQlKeg6m3sZGyVwarQpRvqlcLkluOphgV4rJfLjQ/S40bF1NQHLCeO26kUIRqOfHlJ+n+n127Fz1rt1+Hax2RrO+QBeUgek5h0yBl5Rc5Jlwjynnwl38j3aBF9iD5Gn7apUeM35z6pWfT5F/Aq+no=</latexit>

Z
V = ~ · d~` ! 0
E
<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =
E
Pratique o que aprendeu
✏0

+ + +
+ +
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +

+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +

<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =
E
Pratique o que aprendeu
✏0

+ + +
+ +
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +
~ = E r̂
<latexit sha1_base64="e3zSB+43cKLqFkxnbuYv/lxi8RM=">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</latexit>

E + O +

+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +

<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =
E
Pratique o que aprendeu
✏0

+ + +
+ +
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +
~ = E r̂
<latexit sha1_base64="e3zSB+43cKLqFkxnbuYv/lxi8RM=">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</latexit>

E + O +

+ +
~ · n̂ = E
<latexit sha1_base64="qvavtcDyNjTiU2lYCtVs2JhloBw=">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</latexit>

E + +
+ +
+ +
+ + +

<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">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</latexit>

~ · n̂ =
E
Pratique o que aprendeu
✏0

+ + +
+ +
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +
~ = E r̂
<latexit sha1_base64="e3zSB+43cKLqFkxnbuYv/lxi8RM=">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</latexit>

E + O +

+ +
~ · n̂ = E
<latexit sha1_base64="qvavtcDyNjTiU2lYCtVs2JhloBw=">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</latexit>

E + +
+ +
+ +
<latexit sha1_base64="DNf2VJAX6f0S7Gq15Lw+d1rbGNE=">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</latexit>
+ + +
E=
✏0

<latexit sha1_base64="rTelZ7WPgK3f38jW8uSskQhNUEY=">AAADQXicbVJNb9NAEN2YAqXQNoUjF0OKxAFFdsRHL5EqFSSORWraSrEVrTdjZ5W1d7U7TmJW/lH8Bn4FF+7cEFcurJMg4ZaRLI3e23kz88aJEtxgEHzreHd27t67v/tg7+Gj/YPD7tHjSyNLzWDEpJD6OqEGBC9ghBwFXCsNNE8EXCXzs4a/WoA2XBYXWCmIc5oVPOWMooMm3VWELJGrsVNKNc1heDajGjWUBl6/8h1aKgV6eCFzinKwRhLK5sMKhJDLZ29iexy9B4E0WgCzH+poMZUYzSjaoh5GU6fJbGR4ltPaRqAMF65rUB/Xk24v6Afr8G8n4TbpkW2cT446X6KpZGUOBTJBjRmHgcLYunE5E1DvRW5m5WajGYxXYVi4bUxsV2uPav+FY6d+KrX7CvTX6L8llubGVHniXrpVZ+Ym14D/48Ylpiex5YUqEQq2aZSWwkfpN4b7U66BoahcQpnmblifOY8pQ3eWVhfk88+tNazhZcFx1d6Nai2XUxCxVbPKcGY2dFMteKKprux62FaRkhrLrDEkoQmIdhuVpUpIbIT+pk7PMpkrisMClmCwLZdL46zHtYvu92nLZZqqGWcOdUcOb570dnI56Idv+4NPg97pyfbcu+QpeU5ekpC8I6fkIzknI8LI985OZ79z4H31fng/vV+bp15nW/OEtML7/QcRDRXb</latexit>

~ · n̂ =
E
Pratique o que aprendeu
✏0

+ + +
+ +
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +
~ = E r̂
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E + O +

+ +
~ · n̂ = E
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E + +
+ +
+ +
<latexit sha1_base64="DNf2VJAX6f0S7Gq15Lw+d1rbGNE=">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</latexit>
+ + +
E=
✏0

q <latexit sha1_base64="hC21erQ7DjYzb9zFGE7U4nbkFUk=">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</latexit>

E=
4⇡✏0 R2

Trabalho e energia
<latexit sha1_base64="4VIPmuoLibkCFZwxgQe5qb6lzSI=">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</latexit>

Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
A

F~
e
Trabalho e energia
<latexit sha1_base64="4VIPmuoLibkCFZwxgQe5qb6lzSI=">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</latexit>

Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
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F~ = F~e = ~
qE
A

F~
e
Trabalho e energia
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Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
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F~ = F~e = ~
qE
A

F~
e
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W = qV (A)
Trabalho e energia
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Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
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F~ = F~e = ~
qE
A

F~
e
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W = qV (A)

1 q1 q2
<latexit sha1_base64="dLXmSk0ljtNtIbz3c7k7ltiO2II=">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</latexit>

W =
4⇡✏0 12
Trabalho e energia
<latexit sha1_base64="4VIPmuoLibkCFZwxgQe5qb6lzSI=">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</latexit>

Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
<latexit sha1_base64="sIQtn35r917zw5573XBGO5piIEA=">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</latexit>

F~ = F~e = ~
qE
A

F~
e
<latexit sha1_base64="3vkcMqs7umdJZRb59aVmj6ep7bE=">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</latexit>

W = qV (A)

1 q1 q2
<latexit sha1_base64="dLXmSk0ljtNtIbz3c7k7ltiO2II=">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</latexit>

W =
4⇡✏0 12

N cargas

1 X X qi qj
<latexit sha1_base64="Lue1m1P/d38YUjaJUQuhgWBay+o=">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</latexit>

W =
4⇡✏0 i j>i ij
Trabalho e energia
<latexit sha1_base64="4VIPmuoLibkCFZwxgQe5qb6lzSI=">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</latexit>

Z A
W = F~ · d~`
O

F~
e
<latexit sha1_base64="sIQtn35r917zw5573XBGO5piIEA=">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</latexit>

F~ = F~e = ~
qE
A

F~
e
<latexit sha1_base64="3vkcMqs7umdJZRb59aVmj6ep7bE=">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</latexit>

W = qV (A)

1 q1 q2
<latexit sha1_base64="dLXmSk0ljtNtIbz3c7k7ltiO2II=">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</latexit>

W =
4⇡✏0 12

N cargas

1
<latexit sha1_base64="Lue1m1P/d38YUjaJUQuhgWBay+o=">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</latexit>

X X qi qj 1 X X qi qj
<latexit sha1_base64="3GAczDpm6CKZYCfVNGjR3jei7D4=">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</latexit>

W = W =
4⇡✏0 i j>i ij 8⇡✏0 i j ij
Trabalho e energia

F~
e
A

F~
e
N cargas

1 X X qi qj
<latexit sha1_base64="3GAczDpm6CKZYCfVNGjR3jei7D4=">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</latexit>

W =
8⇡✏0 i j ij
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="kmLCZ3AOspzSOsQZsCxYBUsaHbc=">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</latexit>

1
W = d~r dr~0
8⇡✏0

F~
e
A

F~
e
N cargas

1 X X qi qj
<latexit sha1_base64="3GAczDpm6CKZYCfVNGjR3jei7D4=">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</latexit>

W =
8⇡✏0 i j ij
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="kmLCZ3AOspzSOsQZsCxYBUsaHbc=">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</latexit>

1
W = d~r dr~0
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="vD1J+QgS6G3mwX/af5taUjyuf0c=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d~r


2
A

F~
e
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="kmLCZ3AOspzSOsQZsCxYBUsaHbc=">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</latexit>

1
W = d~r dr~0
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="vD1J+QgS6G3mwX/af5taUjyuf0c=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d~r


2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="mevmrQBrowqdXl4qGBD4NK6JFXg=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d~r

F~
e
W = r
2
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">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</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="or2SqUiRn15QuFYAygXg35IQpek=">AAAGhXic5VTLTttAFDVtCTR9QbvsZihCAgks23miNhSpmy6pVB5SHKHxeBKPsGesmTFJsPwb/Zpu23/o3/SOHQSmoC667CRRru4599yXPUEaM6Ud59fSo8dPlhsrq0+bz56/ePlqbf31iRKZJPSYiFjIswArGjNOjzXTMT1LJcVJENPT4OKTwU8vqVRM8K96ntJRgiecjRnBGlzna87pwA/HEpPcLXKv8BnXvozEtn9JCZI7J9eGH4a5r3FWnK9tOrbn7rudNnLsdr/ttnpgOE7fAcMFw5xNa3GOzteXIYMgWUK5JjFWaug6qR7lWGpGYlo0/UzRFJMLPKHDmetynFA1ymdlbwXaAjREYyHhxzUqvbdDcpwoNU8CYCZYR+ouZpz3YcNMj/ujnPE005STKtE4i5EWyAwKhUxSouM5GJhIBsUiEmGYlIZx1rJodnFVayNXLONMz+q9YSnFNKTxKE+juWJEVbCJjlkgsZznZbG1oFRInU3MQAIc0LieJp2M01hoI3Rtgl5ORJJiPeB0SpWuyyVCweh1OcVA1AvMJxKnESOzP+sqS1e7ioiUmmwgDUkSzOGhoFIW+VbTl1SxKwqi+UaRu7bXoTPjR3D8gE4YL+eUMqIzSYvhwUCKjIeI4HRUkkoiiVmKtuFx2qfJ7h78g8oOMovAfBJTA3VdgBy77wLy/iYylHiKhuY1QFMW6mhgu8DYRR/2DnZRmQoeIyIkh+0NHNtt0dnIyFVqRgzZNhC4liJWBvHaJdReQOBpdarU95H3S6jndW7oXkXv3kPv3QjBEMuO+1XHt9J1qvhSsurUpzDx22Pcappvs76R4IGVtP5pI/1OVaD74EZ6nb+txPtvNlJbSFQuxI+wzv2N8mMcd0iXFQmu2zoJLtzrWxU9bJx4ttu1vS/tzcP+4updtd5a76xty7V61qH12Tqyji1ifbO+Wz+sn42Vxl6j3ehW1EdLi5g3Vu00Pv4Gu4ULEw==</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">AAAGtXic5VRbT9swFA7b6Fh3g+1xL2YIAVKJkl5o0VaEtJc9MmlcpKZijuO2Fo5t2Q5tsfL39h/2H/a6Pc9OYBAG2sMe5yTq0fm+c/F3XMeCEqWD4NvCg4ePFmuPl57Unz57/uLl8sqrI8UzifAh4pTLkxgqTAnDh5poik+ExDCNKT6Ozz44/PgcS0U4+6znAg9TOGZkRBDU1nW6/OW4HyUjCZEJc9OLBImwUIRaKMgjwnTxlYRITvhmdI4RkFu/bSM38q3cRFjKPGpESWIiDbON/MrKT5fXAr8Z7oadNgj8dq8dtrrWCIJeYI3QGm6teZfr4HRl0XbEUZZiphGFSg3CQOihgVITRHFejzKFBURncIwHszBkMMVqaGaFFjlYt2gCRlzaj2lQeG+GGJgqNU9jy0yhnqjbmHPehQ0yPeoNDWEi05ihstAoo0Bz4IQFCZEYaTq3BkSS2GYBmkArnLbyV6pocnZR2YZRJGNEz6p7g1LyaYLp0IjJXBGkSthFUxJLKOemaLYSJLjU2dgJEsMY02oZMR4JyrVLdGXafAbxVEDdZ3iKla6mS7my0utCxZhXGzRjCcWEoNmffRWtq4ZCXGBXzaa2RVLIkvKkmPV6JLEiF9gmNau5Cf1mB8+cH9gVxXhMWKGTIEhnEueDvb7kGUsAgmJYkAoiokSATXucdnHa2La/NssWcIOAbEyxg3ZCCwV+L7TIu+vIRMIpGLi/DZiSRE/6fmgZDfB+e68BilL2GCEumZ1eP/DDFp4NXboym0sGfN8SmJacKoc02wXUvoSsp9UpS99F3i2gbrNzTW+W9J076N3rRFbEYse9csc3ynXK+CJludMIW8Vvyrhed2+9OpH4npG0/mkivU7ZYHjvRLqdv42k+d9MpDKQSTGQaAK1iVaLxzlukc5LkruDKyR74V7dquB+46jphzt+81N7bb93efUueW+8t96mF3pdb9/76B14hx7yvnrfvR/ez1q3NqwltVFJfbBwGfPaq6wa/wVuiCBq</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="or2SqUiRn15QuFYAygXg35IQpek=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2

~ · (V E) ~ ·E
~ = rV ~ ·E
~ +Vr ~
<latexit sha1_base64="96GuG7xBQVCYYARe8deSFPePuZQ=">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</latexit>

r
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">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</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="or2SqUiRn15QuFYAygXg35IQpek=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2

~ · (V E) ~ ·E
~ = rV ~ ·E
~ +Vr ~
<latexit sha1_base64="96GuG7xBQVCYYARe8deSFPePuZQ=">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</latexit>

Z
<latexit sha1_base64="r94/nRYA5FxtG11rUyHudN6nkz0=">AAAGzHic5VRdb9MwFE03VkYZsMEjLx7TpE10UdL1U9AJgZB4QkNiHVJTTY7jttYSO7KdfszKK/+RB/4LtjPUZWzigUfcVo3uOffc63sch2lMhPS8H5W19Qcb1Yebj2qPt548fba983wgWMYRPkMsZvxbCAWOCcVnksgYf0s5hkkY4/Pw8oPBz2eYC8LoV7lM8SiBE0rGBEGpQxfb84BQGURkpg4GwQwj8PEQ5EE9iCIVSJjloA8s4z2ZHAQTDiM1yINZxGRBNvHDm/TXK/rAyha8/DbxYnvPc3u9dqPlAc/tNlvtZg+YSK/T6QLf9ezac67X6cXORj+IGMoSTCWKoRBD30vlSEEuCYpxXgsygVOILuEEDxe+T2GCxUgt7IhysK/RCIwZ1z8qgY3eTFEwEWKZhJqZQDkVtzETvAsbZnLcHSlC00xiiopC4ywGkgEzbxARjpGMl/oBIk50swBNIYdIaldKVSS5vCptQwmSUSIX5b1Bztk8wvFIpdOlIEgUsMmOScghXyrbbCkpZVxmEzOQEIY4LpdJJ+M0ZtII/X7UegqxJIWyT/EcC1mWS5jQo5d2iiErN6j0KUmnBC3+7Mu2LuoCsRSbalpaF0kg1YcCc56r/VrAsSBXWIuq3Vz5bqOFFyYO9ApCPCHUziklSGYc58OTPmcZjQCC6ciSLBHFJAUHnuv1cFI/0v9a5RAYIyCdxNhAbV9D+uT5Gnmzyow4nIOheZvAnERy2nd9zaiDt0cndWBL6WOEGKfavb7n+sd4MTJyhZoRA66rCVRyFguDNJoWal5DOnLcKkrfRe5ZqNNoreiNgt6+g95ZCekh2h13ix3fKNcq8q1ksdMA64nfHON+zXxrZUfCeyw5/idHuq2iQf9eRzqtv1nS+G8cKRkytYYEUyhVsGs/JnCLNCtI+tYtk/SF+/tWBfc/DBqu33YbX5p777rXV++m89J55Rw4vtNx3jmfnFPnzEHOz8p6ZavypPq5KquqmhfUtcp1zguntKrffwFcmCQq</latexit>

Z ⇣ ⌘ Z ⇣ ⌘
~ · (V E)
r ~ d⌧ = ~ ·E
rV ~ d⌧ + ~ ·E
Vr ~ d⌧
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">AAAGtXic5VRbT9swFA7b6Fh3g+1xL2YIAVKJkl5o0VaEtJc9MmlcpKZijuO2Fo5t2Q5tsfL39h/2H/a6Pc9OYBAG2sMe5yTq0fm+c/F3XMeCEqWD4NvCg4ePFmuPl57Unz57/uLl8sqrI8UzifAh4pTLkxgqTAnDh5poik+ExDCNKT6Ozz44/PgcS0U4+6znAg9TOGZkRBDU1nW6/OW4HyUjCZEJc9OLBImwUIRaKMgjwnTxlYRITvhmdI4RkFu/bSM38q3cRFjKPGpESWIiDbON/MrKT5fXAr8Z7oadNgj8dq8dtrrWCIJeYI3QGm6teZfr4HRl0XbEUZZiphGFSg3CQOihgVITRHFejzKFBURncIwHszBkMMVqaGaFFjlYt2gCRlzaj2lQeG+GGJgqNU9jy0yhnqjbmHPehQ0yPeoNDWEi05ihstAoo0Bz4IQFCZEYaTq3BkSS2GYBmkArnLbyV6pocnZR2YZRJGNEz6p7g1LyaYLp0IjJXBGkSthFUxJLKOemaLYSJLjU2dgJEsMY02oZMR4JyrVLdGXafAbxVEDdZ3iKla6mS7my0utCxZhXGzRjCcWEoNmffRWtq4ZCXGBXzaa2RVLIkvKkmPV6JLEiF9gmNau5Cf1mB8+cH9gVxXhMWKGTIEhnEueDvb7kGUsAgmJYkAoiokSATXucdnHa2La/NssWcIOAbEyxg3ZCCwV+L7TIu+vIRMIpGLi/DZiSRE/6fmgZDfB+e68BilL2GCEumZ1eP/DDFp4NXboym0sGfN8SmJacKoc02wXUvoSsp9UpS99F3i2gbrNzTW+W9J076N3rRFbEYse9csc3ynXK+CJludMIW8Vvyrhed2+9OpH4npG0/mkivU7ZYHjvRLqdv42k+d9MpDKQSTGQaAK1iVaLxzlukc5LkruDKyR74V7dquB+46jphzt+81N7bb93efUueW+8t96mF3pdb9/76B14hx7yvnrfvR/ez1q3NqwltVFJfbBwGfPaq6wa/wVuiCBq</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="or2SqUiRn15QuFYAygXg35IQpek=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2

~ · (V E) ~ ·E
~ = rV ~ ·E
~ +Vr ~
<latexit sha1_base64="96GuG7xBQVCYYARe8deSFPePuZQ=">AAAGi3ic5VRdb9MwFM0GK6Mw2OCRF49p0iZKlLRNP2CdJqFJPA6JdZOaanIct7WW2JHt9GNR/gm/hlf4A/wbbKfTlrGJBx5xW9W959xzfe9JHSQREdJxfq2sPnq8Vnmy/rT67PnGi5ebW6/6gqUc4VPEIsbPAyhwRCg+lURG+DzhGMZBhM+Cy08aP5tiLgijX+UiwcMYjikZEQSlCl1stvyQTLO9vj/FCBzvgxz0gD/mMMz6uT8NmSwA8A70DbP4mV9s7jh2t9uqew5w7E7TazW7QEe67XYHuLZj1o61XCcXW2s9P2QojTGVKIJCDFwnkcMMcklQhPOqnwqcQHQJx3gwd10KYyyG2dx0mINdhYZgxLj6UAlM9HZKBmMhFnGgmDGUE3EX08H7sEEqR51hRmiSSkxRUWiURkAyoMcFQsIxktFCbSDiRB0WoAnkEEk11FIVSS6vSm1kgqSUyHm5N8g5m4U4GmbJZCEIEgWssyMScMgXmTlsKSlhXKZjPZAABjgql0nGoyRiUgtdb5VehlicQNmjeIaFLMvFTKjRSzPFgJUPmCnzkwlB8z/PZY4uagKxBOtqSloViSENMx9znme7VZ9jQa6wEs2288y16x6e6zhQyw/wmFAzp4QgmXKcDw57nKU0BAgmQ0MyRBSRBOw5ttPFce29+lYq+0AbAek4whpquQpST56rkI83mSGHMzDQfwYwI6Gc9GxXMWrg4P1hDZhS6jFCjFPlXs+x3QaeD7VcoabFgG0rApWcRUIj9aaBmktIRRpeUfo+ctdA7bp3Q68X9NY99PaNkBqi6bhTdHyrnFfkG8miUx+rid8e425Vv6tlR4IHLGn8kyMdrzig+6Ajbe9vltT/G0dKhkyMIf4EyszfNi8duEOaFiR1y5ZJ6sK9vlXBw5t+3XZbdv1Lc+eos7x616031ltrz3KttnVkfbZOrFMLWd+s79YP62dlo9KofKgcFNTVlWXOa6u0Kse/AbGmDHA=</latexit>

Z
<latexit sha1_base64="r94/nRYA5FxtG11rUyHudN6nkz0=">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</latexit>

Z ⇣ ⌘ Z ⇣ ⌘
~ · (V E)
r ~ d⌧ = ~ ·E
rV ~ d⌧ + ~ ·E
Vr ~ d⌧

Z
<latexit sha1_base64="1zGhaYUqb+GhgZbC9I51Pg5CWdE=">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</latexit>

Z ⇣ ⌘ Z ⇣ ⌘
~ · n̂ dA =
VE ~ ·E
E ~ d⌧ + ~ ·E
Vr ~ d⌧
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">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</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
<latexit sha1_base64="or2SqUiRn15QuFYAygXg35IQpek=">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</latexit>

W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2

Z Z ~ · (V E) ~ ·E
~ = rV ~ ·E
~ +Vr ~
<latexit sha1_base64="96GuG7xBQVCYYARe8deSFPePuZQ=">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</latexit>

✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="NFsVI4nruovGVYIVIHT/U2N4LVk=">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</latexit>

✏0 r
W = ~
V E · n̂ dA + E 2 d⌧
2 2
Z
<latexit sha1_base64="r94/nRYA5FxtG11rUyHudN6nkz0=">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</latexit>

Z ⇣ ⌘ Z ⇣ ⌘
~ · (V E)
r ~ d⌧ = ~ ·E
rV ~ d⌧ + ~ ·E
Vr ~ d⌧

Z
<latexit sha1_base64="1zGhaYUqb+GhgZbC9I51Pg5CWdE=">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</latexit>

Z ⇣ ⌘ Z ⇣ ⌘
~ · n̂ dA =
VE ~ ·E
E ~ d⌧ + ~ ·E
Vr ~ d⌧
Trabalho e energia
Z Z
⇢(~r)⇢(r~0 )
<latexit sha1_base64="ec15SIlYjaOpEnI8GFagOn70Nx8=">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</latexit>

1
W = d⌧ 0 d⌧
8⇡✏0

F~
e
Z
1
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W = ⇢(~r)V (~r) d⌧
2
A
Z ⇣ ⌘
✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="IX6pZgxJhoOi7PobKhyzEsq332c=">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</latexit>

~ ·E
~ V d⌧

F~
r

e
W =
2

Z Z
✏0 ✏0
<latexit sha1_base64="NFsVI4nruovGVYIVIHT/U2N4LVk=">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</latexit>

W = ~
V E · n̂ dA + E 2 d⌧
2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2
<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

Pratique o que aprendeu


✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2 +
+ + +
+
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +

+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +

<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

Pratique o que aprendeu


✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2 +
+ + +
+
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +
Z ⇣
✏0 1 q ⌘2
<latexit sha1_base64="7mrkokuP+amgFxItqyV3YfXatRQ=">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</latexit>

+ +
W = 2
d⌧ + +
2 4⇡✏0 r + +
+ +
+ + +

<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

Pratique o que aprendeu


✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2 +
+ + +
+
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +
Z ⇣
✏0 1 q ⌘2
<latexit sha1_base64="7mrkokuP+amgFxItqyV3YfXatRQ=">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</latexit>

+ +
W = 2
d⌧ + +
2 4⇡✏0 r + +
+ +
+ + +
<latexit sha1_base64="TIHUIj4OvpeYKYROd0co8+BAO2k=">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</latexit>

2 Z 2⇡ Z 1 Z 1
✏0 q 1 2
W = r dr du d
2 (4⇡✏0 )2 0 1 R r 4

<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

Pratique o que aprendeu


✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2 +
+ + +
+
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +
Z ⇣
✏0 1 q ⌘2
<latexit sha1_base64="7mrkokuP+amgFxItqyV3YfXatRQ=">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</latexit>

+ +
W = 2
d⌧ + +
2 4⇡✏0 r + +
+ +
+ + +
<latexit sha1_base64="TIHUIj4OvpeYKYROd0co8+BAO2k=">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</latexit>

2 Z 2⇡ Z 1 Z 1
✏0 q 1 2
W = r dr du d
2 (4⇡✏0 )2 0 1 R r 4

1 q2 1
<latexit sha1_base64="kRVP2SPj+y9ApJ0Q/dYYrmdhGMg=">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</latexit>

W =
2 4⇡✏0 R

<latexit sha1_base64="Prha/OoY1lRVkCNDhfrS6rZ0vDc=">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</latexit>

Pratique o que aprendeu


✏0 R 2
W = E d⌧
2 +
+ + +
+
+ + ~
E
+ R +
+ +

+ O +
Z ⇣
✏0 1 q ⌘2
<latexit sha1_base64="7mrkokuP+amgFxItqyV3YfXatRQ=">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</latexit>

+ +
W = 2
d⌧ + +
2 4⇡✏0 r + +
+ +
+ + +
<latexit sha1_base64="TIHUIj4OvpeYKYROd0co8+BAO2k=">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</latexit>

2 Z 2⇡ Z 1 Z 1
✏0 q 1 2
W = r dr du d
2 (4⇡✏0 )2 0 1 R r 4

1 q2 1 1 q2
<latexit sha1_base64="uYjGFm9z/D2jygqjt/isDusm/Gk=">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</latexit>

W = =
2 4⇡✏0 R 8⇡✏0 R

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