NSCP C101-15 Chapter 5 STRUCTURAL STEEL NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES VOLUME | BUILDINGS, TOWERS AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES SEVENTH EDITION, 2015 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. Suite 713, Future Point Plaza Condominium 1 112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1100 Tel. No. : (+632) 410-0483 (+632) 411-8606 . ‘ aseponline@gmail.com ‘Websiteshttp:/www.aseponline.org, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Edition, 2015IAPTER 5— Structural Steel 5-1 Table of Contents PART 1 - SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL MEMBERS. SYMBOLS. DEFINITIONS nos SECTION 501 - GENERAL PROVISION 501.1 Scope. nnn mint 5.35 501.2. Referenced Specifications, Codes and Standards ae : 535 501.3 Material 501.4 Structural Design Drawings and Speci SECTION $02 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 502.1 General Provisions. 302.2. Loads and Load Combinations, 302.3 Design Basis, 502.4. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling. 502.5 Fabrication, Erection and Quality Control 502.6 Evaluation of Existing Structures. SECTION 03 - STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN .. 503.1 Stability Design Requirements 503.2 Calculation of Required Strengths SECTION 504 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION 504.1 Slendemess Limitations 304.2 Tensile Strength 504.3 Area Determination 504.4 Built-up Members 504.5 Pin-Connected Me 504.6 Eyeburs, SECTION 505 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSIO1 505.1 General Provisions 505.2. Slenderness Limitations and Effective Lengt 505.3 Compressive Steength for Flexural Buckling of Members Without Slender Flements 505.4 Compressive Strength for Torsional and Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Members without Slender Elements 505.5 Single Angle Compression Members. 505.6 Built-up Members. 505.7 Members with Slender Elements. SECTION 506 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE .. 506.1 General Provisions. 506.2 Doubly Symmetric Compact :Shaped Members and Channels Bent about their Major Axis 506.3 Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members with Compact Webs and Noncompact or Slender Flanges Bent about their Major Axis 506.4 Other I-Shaped Memibers with Compact or Noncompact Webs Bent about their Major Axis 506.5 Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric I-Shaped Members with Slender Webs Bent about their Major Axis. 5-67 506.6 1-Shaped Members and Channels Bent about their Minor Axis. 506.7 Square and Rectangular HSS and Box-shaped Members. 506.8 Round HSS. 506.9 Teas and Douible Angies Loaded in the Plane of Symmetry ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)5.2. CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Stee 506.10 Single Angles 506.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds 506.12 Unsymmetrical Shapes. 506.13 Proportions of Beams and Girders SECTION 507 - DESIGN OF MEMBEI 507.1 General Provisions 507.2. Members with Unstiffened or Stiffened Webs. 5307.3 Tension Field Action. 507.4 Single Angles 507.5 Rectangular HS! 307.6 Round HSS. = ose 507.7. Weak Axis Sean Snly and Doubly Syme Shapes... 507.8 Beams and Girders with Web Openings. SECTION 508 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION 508.1 Doubly and Singly Symmetric Members Subject to Flexure and Axial Force, 508.2 Unsymmetrie and other Members Subject to Flexure and Axial Force. 508.3 Members under Torsion and Combined Torsion, Flexure, Shear and/or Axial Force. SECTION 509 - DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS. 509.1 General Provisions 509.2 Axial Members. 509.3 Flexural Members... ‘509.4 Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased and Filled Members. 309.5 Combined Axial Force and Flexure. se 509.6 Special Cases. SECTION $10 - DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS... 510.1 General Provisions 0... S102 Welds oro 510.3. Bolts and Threaded Part. 5104 Affected Elements of Members and Connecting Element 510.5. Fillets.onesnnnsnnnen 5106 Splices 510.7 Bearing Strength... os 510.8 Column Bases and Bearing on Concrete 510.9 Anchor Rods and Embedments 510.10 Flanges and Webs with Concentrated Forces. SECTION S11 - DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS. S111 Concentrated Forces on HSS. 511.2. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections... 5113 HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections. SECTION $12 - DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY 512.1 General Provisions 512.2 Camber... 5123. Deflections 3124. Dif. 512.5 Vibration... 512.6 Wind-Induced Motion 512.7 Expansion and Contractio 512.8 Connection Slip... 'S FOR SHEAR. ‘and Box Members ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)CHAPTER 5 - Structural Stee! 5.3 SECTION $13 - FABRICATION, ERECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL. 513.1 Shop and Erection Drawings... 513.2 Fabrication 513.3 Shop Painting. 513.4. Erection 513.5 Quality Control . APPENDIX A - INELASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. General Provisions.. Materials Moment Redistribution Local Buckling... Stability and Second-Order Eifects Columns and Other Compression Members Beams and Other Flexural Members, 8 Members under Combined Forces... A-L9 Connections. APPENDIX A-2 - DESIGN FOR PONDIN Trerrere 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A-2.1 Simplified Design for Ponding, A-2.2_ Improved Design for Ponding. APPENDIX A-3 - DESIGN FOR FATIGUE A-3.1 General Provisions, A232. Calculation of Maximum Stresses and Stress Range. A33_ Design Stress Range... A34- Bolts and Threaded Parts... A-35- Special Fabrication and Erection Requirements APPENDIX A-4 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR FIRE CONDITIONS. Ad. General Provisions ...snu 4-42. Stucual Design fr Fire Comins by Analysis ‘A-43 Design by Qualification Testing . APPENDIX A-5 - EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES. A-5.1 General Provisions, A-5.2. Material Properties ‘A-5.3_ Evaluation by Structural Analysis. ‘A-S4_ Evaluation by Load Tests A-5.5- Evaluation Report. APPENDIX A-6 - STABILITY BRACING FOR COLUMNS AND BEAMS A-6.1 General Provisions 62. Columns, A-63 Beam... APPENDIX A-7 - DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD... A-T.L General Requirements, A-72 Notional Loads... Ac73. Design-Analysis Constraints, se S151 National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20155:4 CHAPTER Structural Stee! PART 2A- SYMBOLS. PART 2B SECTION S14 - STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDING PROVISIONS «« 514.1. Scope SECTION 515 - REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS. SECTION 516 - GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS SECTION 517 - LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS. 517.1 Loads and Load Combinations. 517.2 Nominal Strength SECTION $18 - STRUCTURAL DE ERECTION DRAWINGS PROVISION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS EISMI CATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND AND SPECIFI 518.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications 5182 Shop Drawings. 5183. Erection Drawings. SECTION $19 - MATERIAL 519.1 Material Specifications. 519.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required 519.3 Heavy Section CVN Requirements. SECTION 520 - CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FAS’ 520.1 Scope. 520.2 Bolted Joints. 520.3 Welded Joints 520.4 Protected Zone... 520.5 Continuity Plates and Suieners SECTION 521 - MEMBERS. S211 SeOpE rn 521.2. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling 521.3 Column Strength 521.4 Column Splices 521.5 Column Bases, 521.6 H-Piles, SECTION A MOMENT FRAME SYSTEMS.. SECTION A. - SPECIAL MOMENT FRAM} 522.1 Scope 522.2 Beam-to-Column Connections. 5223 Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections (Beam Web Parallel to Column Web). 522.4 Beam and Column Limitations. 522.5 Continuity Plates 522.6 Column-Beam Moment Ratio 522.7 Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 522.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams. 522.9 Column Splices Strength of Members and Connections. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, inc. (ASEP)56 CHAPTER 5 Structural Stee! 528.9 Protected Zone. 1528.10 Demand Critical Weld SECTION B.4 - BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED FRAMES (BRBF).. 529.1 Scope. 529.2 Bracing Members 529.3 Bracing Connections 529.4 Special Requirements. 529.5. Beams and Columns. 529.6 Protected Zone... SECTION BS - SPECIAL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (SPSW). 530.1 Scope. 530.2. Web S.nnan 530.3 Connections of Webs to Boundary Elements... 530.4 Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Elements, SECTION C.- COMPOSITE MOMENT-FRAME SYSTEMS... SECTION C.1- COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF).. SECTION C.2— COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-SCB SECTION C3 COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF) SECTION C4 COMPOSITE ORDINARY SHEAR WALLS (C-OSW) .. SECTION C.5 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL SHEAR WALLS (C-SSW).. SECTION C.6— COMPOSITE PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-PSW) SECTION 531 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN, 531.1 Scope. B-L, PREQUALIFICATION OF BEAM-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN BLL Scope. B-1.2 General Requirements. B-13 Testing Requirements. B-14_ Prequalification Variables. B-L.5 Design Procedure ...0un B-1.6 Prequalification Record... B-2. QUALITY ASSURANCE PLA‘ B21 Scope... B22 Inspection and Nondestructive Testing Personnel B.2.3 Contractor Documents. B24 Quality Assurance Agency Documents B-2.5 Inspection Points and Frequencies . B.3. SEISMIC DESIGN COEFFICIENTS AND APPROXIMATE PERIOD PARAMETERS. B31 Scope. B32. Symbols. = B-4, QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-T0-COLUMN CONNECTIONS...-200 BAL Scope. 5.200 5-200 5-200 5-200 5-201 5-202 B42 Symbols. B43 Definitions... B44 Test Subassembiage Requirements B-4.5_ Essential Test Variables B-4.6 Loading History... ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)CHAPTER 5 Structural Steel 5.7 B-4.7 Instrumentation B48 Materials Testing Requirements. B49 Test Reporting Requirements, B-4.10 Acceptance Criteria, B-5. QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACES. B5.1 Scope. B-5.2 Symbols, BS3. Definitions. B-S.4 Subassemblage Test Specimen Brace Test Specimen, Loading History Instrumentation... Materials Testing Requirements ‘Test Reporting Requirements... B-5.10 Acceptance Criteria... B-6, WELDING PROVISIONS. B61 Scope. amines B-6.2_ Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings and Erection Drawings. 5-208 B.6.3. Personnel... so ses ies B.64 Nondestructive Testing Procedures, B-6.5 Additional Welding Provisions... B-6.6 Additional Welding Provisions for Demand Critical Welds Only... B-7 WELD METAL/WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION NOTCH TOUGHNESS VERIFICATION ‘TEST. 3. Test Specimens B74 Acceptance Criteria. PART 21- COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS. SECTION 532 - SCOPE.. _ SECTION 533 - REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS SECTION 534 - GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. es SECTION 535 - LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS 535.1 Loads and Loud Combinations, 535.2 Nominal Strength, SECTION 536 - MATERIALS 536.1 Structural Steel ' 536.2 Concrete and Stee! Reinforcement SECTION §37 - COMPOSITE MEMBERS. 537.1 Scope. 537.2 Composite Floor and Roof Slabs 537.3 Composite Beam: 537.4 Encased Composite Column: 537.5. Filled Composite Columns... ‘SECTION 538 - COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS... 538.1 SeOpE warn 538.2 General Requirements National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20155-8 CHAPTER 5— Structural Stee! 5383 Nominal Strength of Connections. a Se SECTION 539- COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES (C-PRMF).... 539.1 Scope. 539.2. Columns 539.3 Composite Beams. 5394 Moment Connections SECTION 540 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES ( 540.1 Scope 340.2 Columns 340.3 Beams 540.4 Moment Connections ...0 340.5 Column-Beam Moment Ratio SECTION $41 - COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (C-IMF). S411 Scope 541.2 Columns 541.3 Beams. 541.4 Moment Connections SECTION 542 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (C-OMF) «os 542.1 Scope. 342.2 Columns 542.3 Beams. 542.4 Moment Connections. ‘SECTION 543 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-CBP).. 543.1 Scope nr 543.2. Columns... 543.3 Beams. 543.4 Braces 543.5. Connections. SECTION 544 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OB} 544.1 344.2 544.3 Beams 344.4 Braces 544.5. Connections . SECTION $45 - COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF). 5945.1 Scope... 345.2. Columns... 545.3 Links: 545.4 Braces 5455. Connections... SECTION 546 - ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-ORCW). 546.1 SeOPE.r $462 Boundary Members... 5463 Steel Coupling Beams... 546.4 Encased Composite Coupling Beams. ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)CHAPTER 5 - Structural Stecl 5.9, SECTION 547 - SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-SRCW). 547.1 ScOPE nme 3472 Boundary Members. 547.3. Steel Coupling Beams. 547.4 Eneased Composite Coupling Beams SECTION 548 - COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-SPW), 548.1 Scope. 548.2 Wall Elements, 548.3 Boundary Members. 548.4 Openings SECTION 549 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND. ERECTION DRAWING: SECTION 580 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN PART 3 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. SYMBOIS.... SECTION 551 - GENERAL PROVISIONS... 551.1 Scope, Applicability and Definitions 551.2 Material. 551.3 Loads. 551.4 Allowable Strength Design 551.5 Load and Resistance Factor Design... 551.7 Yield Siress and Strength Increase from Cold Work of Forming S518 Serviceability 551.9. Referenced Documents SECTION $52 - ELEMENTS. 552.1 Dimensional Limits and Considerations 552.2 Effective Widths of Stiffened Elemen 552.3 Effective Widths of Unstiffened Element 552.4. Effective Width of Uniformly Compressed Elements with a Simple Lip Edge Stiffener. 522.5, sive Widths of Sifened Element with Single or Muliple InermedineSifeners or a Stiffened with Intermediate Stffenee(8) ssn rs SECTION 553 - MEMBERS. 553.1. Properties of Sections. 553.2. Tension Members. $53.3. Flexural Members... " 553.4 Concentrieally Loaded Compression Members 553.5. Combined Axial Load and Bending. SECTION 554 - STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIESAND SYSTEM: 554.1 Built-Up Sections 354.2. Mixed Systems. sono 5354.3 Lateral and Stability Bracing 3544 Cold-Formed Stec! Light-Frame Construction. 554.5 Floor, Roof, or Wall Stee! Diaphragm Construction... 554.6 Metal Roof and Wall System National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, th Edtion, 2015540 CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Steel SECTION 85 - CONNECTIONS AND JOINTS. 555.1 General Provisions .. 5355.2. Welded Connections. 555.3 Bolted Connection. 555.4 Screw Connections 355.5 Rupture. 555.5 Connecting to Other Materials SECTION 586 - TESTS FOR SPECIAL CASES 556.1 Tests for Determining Structural Performance... 556.2. Tests for Confirming Structural Performance 556.3 Tests for Determining Mechanical Properties SECTION 587 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND CONNECTIONS FOR CYCLIC LOADING (FATIGUE) 5-308, 5957.1 General 357.2. Calculation of Maximum Sicesses and Stress Ranges 557.3 Design Stress Range... 557.4 Bolts and Threaded Parts 557.5 Special Fabrication Requirements sears ‘SECTION C-1 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS STRENGTH METHOD C-1 Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members Using the Direct Strength Method. SECTION C-2 - SECOND-ORDER ANALYS! C21 General Requirements C22. Design and Analysis Constrai SECTION C3 - ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. CBA Scope nnn C32. Other Steels nn C33 Loads.ruiennn Pn S 319 C34 Referenced Documents. $319 C35. Tension Members. 5-320 C36 Light-Frame Stee! Consiucton 5-320 5321 3.7 Welded Connections. C38 Bolted Connections 3.9 Rupture... ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)‘This Chapter includes the following: Part! Specification foe Steel Members Appendix A Part 2A Seismic Provisions for Stractral Stee! Buildings Appendix B Part2B Seismic Provisions for Composite Structural Steel and Reinforced Conerete Buildings Part3 Specifications for Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members Appendix C PART 1 SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL MEMBERS: SYMBOLS Ay Agr Ase Ac CHAPTER 5~ Structural Steel 6-11 ‘Column cross-sectional area, mm? Total cross-sectional area of member, Loaded area of concrete, mm* Cross-sectional area of the base metal ‘Nominal unthreaded body area of bolt or threaded part, mm? Cross-sectional area of the overlapping branch, mm* Cross-sectional area of the overlapped branch, mm? Area of conerete, mm? ‘Area of concrete slab within effective ‘width, mm? ‘Area of an upset rod based on the major thread diameter, mm* Effective net area, mm? Summation of the effective areas of the cross section based on the reduced effective width, b, mm? ‘Area of compression flange, mm* Gross tension flange area, mm* Net tension flange area, mm? Area of tension flange, mim? Gross area of member, mm? Gross area of section based on design wall thickness, mm’ Gross area of composite member, mm? ‘Chord gross area, mm? Gross area subject to shear, mm? Net area of member, mm? Net area subject to tension, mm? [Net area subject to shear, mm? Projected bearing area, mm? ‘Area of adequately developed longitudinal reinforcing steel within the effective width of the concrete slab, mm? ‘Area of steel cross section, mm* Cross-sectional area of stud shear ‘connector, mm? Shear area on the failure path, mm? Area of continuous reinforcing bars, mm? Stiffener area, mm? Net tensile area, mm? National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 201512 CHAPTER 5 — tnuctural Stee! Web area the overall depth times the web thickness, dy, mm? Effective area ofthe weld, mm? Effective atea of weld throat of any ith. weld element, mm? ‘Area of stecl concentrically bearing on a conerete support, mm? Maximum area’ of the postion of the supporting surface that is geometrically similar to. and concentric with the loaded Overall width of rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS) member, measured 90° to the plane of the Overall width of rectangular HSS main ‘member, measured 90° tothe plane of the connection, mm Factor for lateral-torsional_ buckling. in tees and double angles Overall width of rectangular HSS branch ‘member, measured 90° (othe plane of the connection, mm Overall branch width of the overlapping braneh, mm Overall branch width of the overlapped branch, mm Width of plate, eansverse to the axis of the main member, mm Width of plate, measure 90° to the plane of connection, im Factors used in determining My for combined bending and axial forces when firstorder analysis is employed HSS torsional constant Lateral-torsional buckling modification factor for non-uniform moment diagrams ‘when both ends of the unsupported segment are braced Coefficient relating relative brace stiffness and curvature Constant based on stress category, given in Table 5013.1 Coefficient assuming no lateral translation ofthe feame Ponding flexibility coefficient for primary member in a flat roof, Coefficient for web sidesway buckling Ponding flexibility coefficient for secondary member in a flat root Web shear coefficient ‘Warping constant, mm Nominal dead load Outside diameter of round HSS member, vos ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philipps, nc. (ASEP) Outside diameter, mm Outside diameter of round HSS main member, mm Chord diameter, im Outside diameter of round HSS branch member, mm Factor used in Eq. 507.3-3, dependent on the type of transverse stiffeners used in a plate girder In slip-crtical connections, a multiplier that reflects the ratio of the mean installed bolt pretension to the specified minimum bolt pretension Modulus of elasticity of steet 200,000 MPa Modulus of elasticity of conerete Modulus of elasticity of concrete at elevated temperature, MPa Effective stfness of composite section, N- Modulus of elasticity of steel at elevated temperature, MPa ‘Available axial stress at the point of consideration, MPa Nominal strength of the base metal per unit area, MPa ‘Available flexural stress at the point of consideration about the major axis, MPa Available flexural stress at the point of consideration about the minor axis, MPa “Available stress, MPa Critical stress, MPa Buckling stress for the determined by analysis, MPa Critical stess about the minor axis, MPa Citical torsional buckling stress, MPa Elastic eriical buckling stress, MPa sic flexural buckling stress about the major axis, MPa Electrode classification number, MPa Elastic flexural buckling stress about the minor exis, MPa Elastic torsional buckling stress, MPa ‘A calculated stress used in the calculation ‘of nominal flexural strength, MPa Nominal torsional strength Nominal tensile stress Fy, oF shear sires, Fy, ftom Table 10.3.2, MPa Nominal tensile stress ffom Table $10.32, MPa Nominal tensile stress modified to include the effects of shearing stress, MPa Nominal shear stress from Table $10.3.2, MPa Design stress range, MPa section asThreshold fatigue stess range, maximum siress range for indefinite design life from Table A-3.1, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the {ype of steel being used, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of a sid shear connector, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the ‘connected material, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of HSS material, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the type of steel being used at elevated temperature, MPa Nominal strength of the weld metal per unit area, MPa Nominal stress in any ith weld element, MPa “component of stress Fy, MPa ¥ component of stress Fy, MPa Specified minimum yield sues of the type of steel being used, MPa, As used in this Specification, “yield stress” denotes either the specified minimum yield point (for those steels that have a yield point) or specified yield strength (For those steels that do not have a yield point) Specified minimum yield stress of the ‘compression flange, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the column web, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS ‘member material, MPa Specified minimum yicld stress of HSS ‘main member material, MPa Specified minimum branch member material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the ‘ovetiapping branch material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the ‘overlapped branch material, MPa Specitied minimum yield stress of the ‘ange, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used al elevated temperature, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of plate, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of reinforcing bars, MPa Specified minimum yield sess of the stiffener material, MPa Specified minimum yield stess ofthe web, MPa =H J K & heen CHAPTER 5 Structural Steel 5-13. Shear modulus of elasticity of steel 77,200 MPa Story shear produced by the lateral forces used to compute Ay, N Overall height of rectangular HSS member, measured in the plane of the connection, Overall height of rectangular HSS main member, measured in the plane of the connection, mm Flexural constant Overall height of rectangular HSS branch member, measured in the plane of the connestion, mm Overall depth ofthe overlapping branch Moment of inertia inthe place of bending, Moment of inertia about the axis. of bending, mm" Moment of inertia of the concrete section, mm Moment of inertia of the steel deck supported on secondary members, mm* Moment of ineria of primary members, Motnent of inctin of secondary members, “Moment of inertia of steel shape, mm Moment of inertia of rinforeing bars, men" Moment of inertia about the principal axes, Out-of plane moment of inertia, mm Minor principal axis moment of inectia, mm* Moment of inertia about y-axis refered to the compression flange, or if reverse curvature bending referred to smaller ‘lange, mm Torsional constant, mn Bifective length fictor determined in sccordance with Section 503 Effective length factor for torsional buckling Effective length factor in the plane of bending, calculated based onthe assumption of no lateral translation set equal f0 1.0 unless analysis indicates that a smaller value may be used Effective length factor in the plane of bending, calculated based on a sidesway buckling analysis Story height, mm Length ofthe member, mm ‘Actual length of end-loaded weld, mm Nominal occupancy live load National Structural Code of the Philppines Volume |, 7th Edition, 20155-14. CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Stoo! Laterally unbraced length of a member, Span length, mm Length of member between work points at truss chord centerlines, mm Length between points that are either braced against lateral displacement of compression flange or based against twist of the cross section, mm Distance between braces, mm Length of channel shear connector, mm ‘Clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge of the material, Total effective weld length of groove and fillet welds to rectangular HSS, mm. Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, mm ‘Column spacing in direction of girder, m Limiting laterally unbraced length for plastic analysis, mm Maximum unbraced length for My (the required flexural strength), mm Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional ‘buckling, mm Column spacing perpendicular to direction of girder, m Distance from maximum to zero. shear force, mm Absolute value of moment at quarter point Of the unbraced segment, N-mm Required flexural strength in chord, using [ASD load combinations, N-mm ‘Absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment, Nemm Required bracing moment, N-mm_ [Absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of the unbraced segment, N-mm ‘Available flexural strength determined in accordance with Seetion 506, N-mm Available flexural-torsional strength for strong axis flexure determined in accordance with Section 506, N-mm Elastic lateral-torsional buckling moment, N-mm First-order moment under LRFD of ASD Toad combinations caused by lateral translation ofthe frame only, Nemm “Absolute value of maximum moment in the ‘unbraced segment, N-mm ‘Nominal flexural strength, N-mm Mne First-order moment using LRFD or ASD load combinations assuming there is no [ateral translation of the frame, N-mm Plastic bending moment, N-mm Required second-order flexural strength under LRFD or ASD load combinations, Nemm_ Required flexural strength using LRED or ASD load combinations, N-mm_ Required flexural strength in chord, N-mm_ Required in-plane flexural strength in branch, N-mm Required out-of-plane flexural strength in branch, N-mm Required flexural strength in chord using LRED load combinations, N-mm Yield moment about the axis of bending, Nmm Smaller moment, calculated from a first- order analysis, at the ends of that portion of the member ‘unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm Larger moment, calculated from a first. ‘order analysis, at the ends of that portion of the member unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, Nem Length of bearing (not less than Ke for end beam reactions), mm Bearing length of the load, measured parallel to the axis of the HSS member, (or measured across the width of the HSS in the case of the loaded cap plates), mm Number of stress range fluctuations in design life Number of bolts carrying the applied tension ‘Additional lateral load Notional lateral load applied at level i, N ‘Number of sip planes Overlap connection coefficient Pitch per thread, mm, Required brace strength, N ‘Available axial compressive strength, N Available tensile strength, N ‘Available compressive strength out of the plane of bending, N Elastic ertical buckling load for braced and ‘unbraced frame, respectively, N Euler buckling load, evaluated in the plane of bending, N First-order axial force using LRFD or ASD load combinations as a result of lateral translation of the frame only (tension or compression), N ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)Prive) Py 2 SP P, Py P, P, y Q First-order axial force using LRED or ASD load combinations, assuming there is no lateral translation of the frame (tension or compression), N Nominal axial strength, N Nominal axial compressive _ strength without consideration of length effects, N ‘Nominal bearing strength of conerete, N Required second-order axial strength using LRED of ASD load combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required strength, N Required tensile strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required axial strength in branch, N Required axial strength in chord, N Required axial strength in compression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for slender ‘compression elements Reduction factor for slender stiffened compression elements Chord-stress interaction parameter Nominal strength of one stud shear connector, N Reduction factor for slender unstiffened ‘compression elements Nominal load duc to rainwater exelusive of the ponding contribution, MPa Seismic response modification coefficient Required strength (ASD) Reduction factor for joints using a pair of transverse fillet welds only Coefficient to account for group effect Factor in Fg, 503.2-6b dependent on type ‘of system Cross-section monosymmetry parameter ‘Nominal strength, specified in Section $02 through $11 Nominal slip resistance, N Position effect factor for shear studs Web plastification factor Reduction factor for reinforced or non- reinforced transverse partial-joint- penetration (PJP) groove welds Web plastification factor corresponding to the tension flange yielding limit state Required strength (LRED) ‘Total nominal strength of longitudinally loaded fillet_welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 CHAPTER 5 Structural Steel 5.15 Total nominal strength of transversely loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 without the alternate in Section $10.2.4 (a) Elastic section modulus of round HSS, mim? Lowest elastic section modulus relative to the axis of bending, mm? Spacing of secondary members, m Chord elastic section modulus, mm? Elastic section modulus. t© the toe in compression relative to the axis of bending, Effective, section modulus about major Elastic section modulus referred to tension and, compression Manges, respectively, Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axes, mm? For channels, taken as the minimum section modulus Nominal forces and deformations due 1 the design-basis fire defined in Section A- 421 Tension force duet ASD load combinations, KN Minimum fastener tension given in Table 5103.1, KN Available torsional strength, Nem Nominal torsional strength, Nem Required torsional strength, Nem Tension force due to LRFD load combinations, KN Shear lag, factor Usilization ratio Reduction coefficient, used in calculating block shear rupture strength Stress index Stress index Required shear foree introduced to column, N Required shear foree transfered by shear connectors, N Available shear strength, N ‘Nominal shear strength, N Required shear strength at the location of the stiffener, N Required shear strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Gravity load from ‘the LRFD_ load combination or 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied at level &,N Hole reduction coefficient, N National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7h Edition, 2015First-order axial force using LRFD or ASD oad combinations, assuming there is no lateral translation of the frame (tension of compression), N Nominal axial strength, N Nominal axial compressive _ strength ‘without consideration of length effects, N ‘Nominal bearing strength of concrete, N Required second-order axial strength using LRED or ASD load combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required strength, N Required tensile strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required axial strength in branch, N Required axial strength in chord, N Required axial strength in compression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for ‘compression clements Reduction factor for slender stiffened ‘compression clements Chord-stress interaction parameter Nominal strength of one stud shear connector, N Reduction factor for slender unstiffened compression elements Nominal load due to rainwater exclusive of the ponding contribution, MPa Seismic response modification coefficient Required strength (ASD) Reduction factor for joints using a pair of transverse fillet welds only Coefficient to account for group effect Factor in Eq, 503.2-6b dependent on type ‘of system Cross-section monosymmetry parameter ‘Nominal strength, specified in Section $02 through SLL ‘Nominal slip resistance, N Position effect factor for shear studs Web plastification factor Reduction factor for reinforced or non- reinforced transverse _partialjoint- penetration (PJP) groove welds ‘Web plastification fuctor corresponding, to the tension flange yielding limit state Required strength (LRFD) Total nominal strength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 slender Rue “ee ue Y CHAPTER 5 Structural Si Total nominal strength of transversely loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 without the alternate in Section 510.2.4 (a) Elastic section modulus of round Hi Lowest elastic section modulus relative to the axis of bending, mm’ Spacing of secondary members, m Chord elastic section modulus, rom? Elastic section modulus tothe toe in ‘compression relative tothe axis of bending, Effective. section modulus about major axis, mm? Elastic section modulus referred to tension and compression flanges, respectively, Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axes, mm’ For channels, taken as the minimum. section modulus Nominal forces and deformations due to the design-basis fire defined in Section A~ 421 Tension force due to ASD load combinations, KN Minimum fastener tension given in ‘Table $10.3.1, kN Available torsional strength, N-mm Nominal torsional strength, N-mm Required torsional strength, N-mm, Tension force due to LRFD load combinations, kN Shear lag factor Utilization ratio Reduction coefficient, used in calculating block shear rupture strength Stress index Stress index Required shear force introduced to column, N Required shear force transferred by shear connectors, N Available shear strength, N ‘Nominal shear siength, N Required shear strength at the location of the stiffener, N Required shear strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Gravity load fom the LRFD load combination or 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied at level ¢, N Hole reduction coefficient, N National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Editon, 20155-16 soo CHAPTER 5 - Structural Steel = Plastic section modulus about the axis of bending, min" = Branch plastic section modulus about the correct axis of bending, mm? = Plast section modulus about the principal = Clear distance stiffeners, mm. Distance between connectors in a built-up ‘member, mm = Shortest distance from edge of pin hole to cedge of member measured parallel to the direction of force, mm = Half the length of the non-welded root face in the direction of the thickness of the tension-loaded plate, mm = Ratio of two times the web area in compression due to application of major axis bending moment alone to the area of the compression flange components = Outside width of leg in compression, mm = Full width of longest angle leg, mm = Width of unstffened compression element; for flanges of [shaped members and tees, the width B is half the fulllange width, by; for legs of angles and flanges of channels and zees, the width B is the fall nominal dimension; for plates, the width B is the distance from the free edge to the first row of fasteners or line of welds, or the distance between adjacent lines. of fasteners or lines of welds; for rectangular HSS, the width B is the clear distance between the webs less the inside comer radius on each side, mm = Width of the angle leg resisting the shear force, mm = Width of column flange, mm = Reduced effective width, mim Bfective edge distance; the distance from the edge of the hole to the edge of the part, measured in the direction normal to the applied force, mm = Effective width of the branch face welded to the chord = Effective width of the branch face welded to the overlapped brace = Flange width, mm Compression flange width, min = Width of tension flange, rom = Longer leg of angle, mm Shorter leg of angle, mim between transverse mtd he fa Fow2) Stiffener width for one-sided stiffeners, ‘Nominal fastener diameter, mm Full nominal depth of the section, mm, Full nominal depth of tee, mm Depth of rectangular bar, mm Diameter, mm Pin diameter, mm Roller diameter, mm Beam depth, mm Nominal diameter diameter), mm Coluron depth, mm Eccentricity in a truss connection, positive being away from the branches, mm Distance from the edge of stud shank to the steel deck web, measured at mid-height of the deck rib, and in the load bearing direction of the stud (in other words, in the for a (body or shank direction of maximum moment simply supported beam), mm. Required axial stress at the point of consideration using LRFD or ASD load combinations, MPa Required flexural stress at the point of consideration (major axis, minor axis) using LRFD or ASD load combinations, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength of concrete, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength of conerete at elevate temperatures, MPa Stress due to D + R (the nominal dead load + the nominal load due to rainwater or exclusive of the ponding contribution), MPa Required shear strength per unit area, MPa ‘Transverse center-to-center spacing (gage) between fastener gage lines, mm Gap between toes of branch members in a gapped K-connection, neglecting the welds, mm Clear distance between flanges less the fillet or corner radius for rolled shapes; for built-up sections, the distance between adjacent lines of fasteners or the clear distance between flanges when welds are used; for tees, the overall depth; for rectangular HSS, the clear distance between the flanges less the inside comer radius on each side, mm. Distance between centroids of individual components perpendicular to the member axis of buckling, mm Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)he ‘Twice the distance from the centroid to the following: the inside face of the compression flange less the fillet or comer radius, for rolled shapes; the nearest line of fasteners at the compression flange of the inside faces of the compression flange when welds are used, for built-up sections, Distance between flange centroids, mm ‘Twice the distance from the plastic neutral axis t0 the nearest line of fasteners at the ‘compression flange or the inside face of the compression flange when welds are used, mm Hole factor Factor defined by Eq. 507.26 for minimum moment of inertia for a transverse stiffener Distance from outer face of flange to the web toe of fillet, mm Outside comer radius of the HSS, which is permitted to be taken as 1.5t if unknown, Coefficient for _ slender _unstffened elements, mm coefficient Web plate buckling coefficient Largest laterally unbraced length along cither flange at the point of load, mm Length of bearing, mm Length of connection in the direction of loading, mm ‘Number of nodal braced points within the span Threads per mm Ratio of element ¢ deformation to its deformation at maximum stress Projected fength of the overlapping branch on the chord Overlap. length measured along the ‘comnecting face of the chord beneath the two branches Governing radius of gyration, mm. Distance from instantaneous. center of rotation to weld element with minimum bu/ry ratio, mm Minimum radius of gyration of individual ‘component in a built-up member, mam Radius of gyration of individual component relative t0 its centroidal axis parallel to member axis of buckling, mm Polar radius of gyration about the shear ‘enter, mm Radius of gyration of the flange ‘components in flexural compression plus ‘one-third of the web area in compression due to application of major axis bending National Structural Code of the Pail CHAPTER 5 ~ Structura Stel 5.17 nomen lone Eretive radius of gyration used i the determination of Ly for the lateral torsional buckling lini tate formar as bending of doubly symmetric compact F Shaped members and channels Radius of gyration about geometric axis. parallel to comectedlep, mim Radius of gyration abot y-axis, mm Radius of gyration for te minor principal oxi, min Longitudinal centerso-cener spacing (pitch) of any two consecutive holes, am ‘Thickness of clement, mm Wall thickness, mm Angle lg thickness, mm Width ofrectangulr bar parle to axis of bending. mm Thicknes of connected material mm Thicknes of plate, mm Design wall thickness for HSS. equal to 093 times the nominal wall thickness fr TERW HSS and equal tothe nominal wal thickness for SAW HSS, tm “otal thickness of file, mm Design wall thickness of HSS main mente al Design wall thickness of HSS_ branch member, mm Thicke ofthe overlapping beach, mum ‘Thicknes ofthe overlapped banc, mm Thickness ofthe column Mange, mn ‘Thickness ofthe loaded Mange, mim Flange thickness of channel shear connector, rn Compression Range thickness, mn "Thickness of plat, mon ‘Thickness of tension loaded pate, am Thicaess ofthe attached transverse plate, inet Web sifene thickness, mm Web thickness of chanel shear connector, mam Beam web thickness, nm Web thickness, am Colurn web thickness, mm Thickness of clement, mm Width of cover pate, mm Weld lex size, nm Subscript relating symbol to major prinipl axis bending Plate width, pines Volume I, 7th Eaition, 2015Nee wR RA \APTER 5 ~ Structural Steel = Leg size of the reinforcing or contouring fillet, if any, in the direction of the thickness of the tension-loaded plate, mm Weight of concrete per unit volume = Average width of concrete rib or haunch, = Subscript relating symbol to strong axis Coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid, mm Connection eccentricity, mm. Subscript relating symbol to weak axis, Subseript relating symbol to minor principal axis bending Factor used in Ba equation Separation ratio for built-up compression members = Reduction factor given by Eg. 510.2-1 = Width ratio; the ratio of branch diameter to ‘chord diameter for round HSS; the ratio of ‘overall. branch width to chord width for rectangular Hi = Brace stiffness requirement excluding web distortion, N-mavradian = Required brace stiffness Effective width ratio; the sum of the perimeters of the two branch members in a K-oonneetion divided by eight times the chord width = Effective outside punching perimeter Web distortional stiffness, including the elfect of web transverse stifleners, if any, Nemm/radian = Section property for unequal leg angles, positive for short legs in compression and negative for long legs in compression First-order interstory drift due to the design Toads, mm First-order interstory drift due to lateral forces, mm Deformation of welded elements at intermediate stress levels, linearly proportioned to the critical deformation based on distance from the instantaneous center of rotation, 7, mm = Deformation of weld element at maximum stress, mm Deformation of welded element at ultimate stress (fracture), usually in element furthest from instantancous center of rotation, mm Chord slendemess ratio; the ratio of one- half the diameter to the wall thickness for round HSS; the ratio of one-half the width to wall thickness for rectangular HSS Gap ratio; the ratio of the gap between the branches of a gapped K-connection to the width of the chord for rectangular HSS Load length parameter, applicable only to rectangular HSS; the ratio of the length of contact of the branch with the chord in the plane of the connection tothe chord width Slendemess parameter Limiting slenderness parameter for ‘compact element Limiting slenderness parameter for compact flange Limiting slenderness parameter for ‘compact web Limiting slenderness parameter for noncompact element Limiting slendemess. parameter for non- compact flange Limiting slendemess parameter for non- compact web Mean slip coefficient for class A or B surfaces, as applicable, or as established by tests Resistance factor, speci through 511 Resistance factor for bearing on conerete Resistance factor for flexure Resistance factor for compression Resistance factor for axially loaded ‘composite columns Resistance factor for shear on the failure path Resistance factor for torsion Resistance factor for tension Resistance factor for shear Safety factor Safety factor for bearing on concrete Safety factor for flexure Safety factor for compression Safety factor for axially loaded composite columns Safety factor for shear on the failure path Safety factor for torsion Safety faetor for tension Salety factor for shear Minimum reinforcement ratio. for longitudinal reinforcing element Angle of loading measured from the welded longitudinal axis, degrees ‘Acute angle between the branch and chord, degrees Strain corresponding 10 compressive strength, fc Parameter for reduced flexural stiffness using the direct analysis method J in Section $02 ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)DEFINITIONS © > ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION is a building material and systems that are activated by fire to mitigate adverse effects or to notify people to take some action mitigate adverse effeess. ADJUSTED BRACE STRENGTH jis the strength of a brace in a buckling-restrained braced frame at deformations corresponding to 2.0 times the design story arin. ALLOWABLE STRENGTH is the nominal strength divided by the safety factor, Ry/. ALLOWABLE STRESS is the allowable strength divided by the appropriate section property, such as section modulus or eross-section area, AMPLIFICATION FACTOR js the multiplier of the results of first-order analysis to reflect second-order effects AMPLIFIED SEISMIC LOAD is the horizontal ‘component of earthquake load £ multiplied by Mp, where E and the horizontal component of E are specified in the NSCP code. APPLICABLE BUILDING CODE is Building Code under which the structure is designed (ic NSCP 6" Edition). ASD (ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN) is a ‘method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component under the action of the ASD. Toad combinations. ASD LOAD COMBINATION refers (0 load combination in the NSCP code intended for allowable strength design (allowable stress design. AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AH) is the organization, political subdivision, office or individual charged with the responsibility of administering and enforcing the provisions of this standard AVAILABLE STRENGTH js the design strength or allowable strength, as appropriate AVAILABLE STRESS js the design stress or allowable stress, as appropriate AVERAGE RIB WIDTH is the average width of the rib ofa corrugation in formed steel deck. CHAPTER 5 ~Sinctiral Steel 5.19 BATTEN PLATE is a plate rigidly connected to two patallel components of a built-up column or beam designed to transmit shear between the componeats, BEAM is a structural member that has the primary function of resisting bending moments BEAM-COLUMN js a structural member that resists both axial force and bending moment BEARING is the connection, limit state of ultimate shear forces transmitted by the mechanical fastener to the connection elements. BEARING refers (o a bolted connection, limit state of shear forees transmitted by the bolt to the connection clement. BEARING (LOCAL COMPRESSIVE YIELDING) refers to the limit state of local compressive yielding due to the action of a member bearing against another member or surface. BEARING-TYPE CONNECTION isa _ bolted connection where shear forces are transmitted by the bolt bearing against the connection elements, BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE refers to a connection, limit state of tension fracture along one path and shear yielding or shear fracture along another path, BOUNDARY MEMBER is a portion along wall and diaphragm edge strengthened with structural steel sections and/or longitudinal steel reinforcement and transverse reinforcement, BRACED FRAME is an essentially vertical truss system that provides resistance to lateral loads and provides stability forthe structural system. BRACING is 2 member or system that provides stiffness and strength to limit the out-of-plane movement of another member ata brace point BRACE TEST SPECIMEN is @ single buckling- restrained brace clement used for laboratory testing intended to model the brace in the Prototype. BRANCH FACE is the wall of HSS branch member. BRANCH MEMBER refers HSS connections, member that terminates at a chord member or main member. BUCKLING is a limit state of sudden change in the geometry of @ structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Ealtion, 2015520 CHAPT BUCKLING STRENGTH. isa nominal strength for instability limits states. BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED — FRAME, (BRBE) is a diagonally braced frame satisfying the requirements of Section 529 in which all members of the bracing system are subjected primary to axial forces and in whieh the limit state of compression buckling of braces: i precluded at forees and deformations corresponding to 2.0 times the design story drift, BUCKLING-RESTRAINING SYSTEM is the system of restraints that limits buckling of the steel core in BRBF. This system includes the casing on the steel core and structural elements adjoining its connections. The buckling-restraining system is intended to permit the transverse expansion and longitudinal contraction of the steel core for deformations corresponding to 2.0 times the design story drift BUILT-UP MEMBER, CROSS-SECTION, SECTION, SHAPE refers to the member, cross-section, section or shape fabricated from structural steel elements that are welded or bolted together. CAMBER jis a curvature fabricated into a beam or tus so as to compensate for deflection induced by loads. CASING is an element that resists forces transverse (0 the axis of the brace thereby restraining buckling of the core. The easing requires a means of delivering this Fore to the remainder of the buckling-restraining system. The ceasing resists little or no force in the axis of the brace. CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST is 2 standard dynamic test measuring notch toughness of specimen, CHORD MEMBER refers to or HSS, primary member that extends through a truss connection. CLADDING is the exterior covering of structure, COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBER refers to the shape manufactured by _press-braking blanks sheared from sheets, cut lengths of coils or plates, or by roll forming cold- or hot- rolled oils or sheets, both forming operations being performed at ambient room temperature, that is, without manifest addition of heat such as would be required for hot Forming, COLLECTOR ELEMENT refers (o the member that serves to transfer loads between floor diaphragms and the members of the seismic load resisting system. COLUMN is the structural member that has the primary function of resisting axial force COLUMN BASE is an assemblage of structural plates, connectors, bolts, and rods at the base of a column used t0 transmit Forces between the steel superstructure and the foundation. apes. COMBINED SYSTEM refers ( the structure comprised of two oF more lateral load-resisting systems of different type, COMPACT SECTION is a section capable of developing a fully plastic stress distribution and possessing @ rotation capacity of approximately three before the onset of local buckling. COMPARTMENTATION is the enclosure of a building space with elements that have specific fire endurance. COMPLETE-JOINT-PENETRATION GROOVE, WELD (CIP) isa groove weld in which weld metal extends through the joint thickness, except as permitted for HSS connections. COMPOSITE is the condition in which steel and concrete elements and members work asa unit in the distribution of internal forces, COMPOSITE BEAM refers fo structural steel beam in contact with and acting compositely with reinforced conerete via bond or shear connectors. COMPOSITE BRACE is a reinforced-concrete-encased structural steel section (rolled or built-up) or coneret filled steel section used as a brace. COMPOSITE, COLUMN is a reinforced-conerete- encased structural steel section (rolled or built-up) or concrete-filled steel section used as a column, COMPOSITE — ECCENTRICALLY RACED FRAME (C-EBF) is a composite braced frame meeting, the requirements of Section 545, COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME, (CAME) is a composite moment frame meeting the requirements of Section S41 COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAME. (C-OBF) is @ composite braced frame meeting the requirements of Section 544, COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAME, (C-OMF) is a composite moment frame meeting the requirements of Section 545, ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED. MOMENT FRAME (C-PRMF) is a composite moment frame meeting the requirements of Section 538. COMPOSITE SHEAR WALL is a reinforced concrete wall that has unencased or reinforced-concrete encased structural steel sections as boundary members COMPOSITE SLAB) is a concrete slab supported on and bonded to a formed steel deck that acts asa diaphragm to transfer load to and between elements of the seismic load resisting system, COMPOSITE — SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (C-CBF) is a composite braced frame meeting the requirements of Seetion 543, COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME (C-SMF) is a composite moment frame meeting the requirements of Section $40, COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALL (C-SPW) is a wall consisting of steel plate with reinforced concrete encasement on one or both sides that provides out-of-plane stiffening to prevent buckling of the steel plate and meeting the requirements of Section 548, CONCRETE CRUSHING jis the limit state of compressive failure in conerete having reached the ultimate strain, CONCRETE HAUNCH is a section of solid conerete that results from stopping the deck on each side of the girder in @ composite floor system constructed using a formed steel deck. CONCRETE-ENCASED BEAM is a beam that totally encased in concrete cast integrally with the slab. CONFIRMATORY TEST js a test made, when desired, ‘on members, connections, and assemblies designed in accordance with the provisions of Section $51 through Section 557, Appendices 1 and 2, and Section C-3 of this Specification or its specific references, in order to ‘compare actual to calculated performance. CONNECTION is a combination of structural elements and joints used to transmit forces between two or more members, CONTINUITY PLATES is a column stiffeners at the top and bottom of the panel zone; also known as transverse stiffeners CHAPTER 5 - Structural Steel 5-21 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS refers to the design drawings, specifications, shop drawings, and erection drawings. CONTRACTOR is a fabricator or erector, as applicable, CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER is the transfer of thermal energy from a point of higher temperature to a point of lower temperature through the motion of an intervening medium, COPE jis a cut-out made in a structural member to remove a flange and conform to the shape of an intersecting member, COUPLING BEAM js 2 structural stecl or composite bbeam connecting adjacent reinforced concrete wall elements so that they act together to resist lateral loads, COVER PLATE is a plate welded or bolted to the flange of a member to inerease cross-sectional area, section modulus, or moment of inertia, CROSS CONNECTION selers to HSS. connection in which forces in branch members or connecting clements transverse to the main member are primarily equilibrated by forces in other branch members or connecting elements on the opposite side of the main ‘member. CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA is an Effective area, Ae, calculated using the effective widths of component elements in accordance with Section 552. If the effective ‘widths of all component elements, determined in accordance with Section 552, are equal to the actual flat ‘widths, it equals the gross or net area, as applicable. CURTAIN WALL STUD is @ member in the steel framed exterior wall system that transfers transverse (out- of-plane) loads and is limited t0 a superimposed axial load, exclusive of sheathing materials , of not more than 1460 Nim, or superimposed axial load of not more than 890 N per std, DEMAND CRITICAL WELD weld so designated by this chapter. DESIGN-BASIS FIRE is a set of conditions that define the development of a fire and the spread of combustion produets throughout a building or portion thereof, DESIGN EARTHQUAKE ‘refers to the earthquake represented by the design response spectrum as specified inthe NS "National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015CHAPTER 5 ~ Structura DESIGN LOAD isthe applied load determined in accordance with either LRFD load combinations or ASD load combinations, whichever is applicable. DESIGN METHODOLOGY is a set of step-by-step procedures, based on calculation or experiment, used (0 determine sizes, lengths, and details in the design of estrained braces and their connections, STORY DRIFT is an amplified story drift (rift under the design earthquake, including the effects of inelastic action), determined as specified in the NSCP code. DESIGN STRENGTH is the resistance factor multiplied by the nominal strength, @Ry. DESIGN STRESS RANGE refers to magnitude of change in stress due to the repeated application and removal of service live loads. For locations subject to stress reversal, it is the algebraic difference of the peak stresses, DESIGN STRESS js the design strength divided by the appropriate section property, such as. section modulus or eross section area. DESIGN WALL THICKNESS is the HSS wall thickness assumed in the determination of section Properties. DIAGONAL BRACING is an_ inclined structural members carrying primarily axial load that are employed to enable a structural frame to act as a truss to resist lateral loads. DIAGONAL STIFFENER is a web stiffener at column panel zone oriented diagonally to the flanges, ‘on one or both sides of the web. DIAPHRAGM is the roof, floor or other membrane for bracing system that transfers in-plane forces to the lateral force resisting system. DIAPHRAGM PLATE is a plate possessing in-plane shear stiffness and strength, used to transfer forces to the supporting elements. DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD is the design method for stability that captures the effects of residual stresses and initial outof:plumbaess of frames by reducing stiffness and applying notional loads in a second-order analysis DIRECT BOND INTERACTION is a mechanism by which force is transferred between steel and concrete in a composite section by bond stress DIRECT STRENGTH METHOD is an altemative design method detailed in Section C-I that provides predictions of member strengths without the use of effective widths. DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING is a mode of buckling involving change in cross-sectional shape, excluding local buckling. DISTORTIONAL FAILURE is a limit state of an HSS truss connection based on distortion of a rectangular HSS chord member into a rhomboidal shape. DISTORTIONAL STIFFNESS isan out-of-plane flexural stiffness of web. DOUBLE CURVATURE is a deformed shape of a beam with one of more inflection points within the span DOUBLE-CONCENTRATED RORCES is the (wo equal and opposite forces that form a couple on the same side of the loaded member. DOUBLER is a plate added to, and parallel with, a beam ‘or column web to increase resistance to concentrated forces. DOUBLY-SYMMETRIC SECTION is a section symmetric about two orthogonal axes through its centroid, DUAL SYSTEM jis a structural system with the following features: (1) an essentially complete space frame that provides support for gravity loads; (2) resistance to lateral load provided by moment frames (SMF, IMF or OMF) that are capable of resisting at least 25 petvent of the base shear, and concrete or steel shear walls, or steel braced frames (EBF, SCBF or OCBF); and ) cach system designed to resist the total lateral load in proportion to its relative rigiity. DUCTILE LIMIT STATE includes member and connection yielding, bearing deformation at bolt holes, as well as buckling of members that conform to the width thickness limitations of Table S2I-1. Fracture of 2 member or of a connection, or buckling of a connection ‘element, is not a ductile limit state, Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)