ee ELE Fissigomen Name i- Shaun Roby. E Submitied To - Me. Boban Mathews Subject Code: 1s ELE IS ) (@ Stete o's law and waite (7S Iino stations - fre, Ohms law states that Sato of yolta to cusssent js Gonstont peevider| tem exsalyese and physic pasamaiessS 9 sernain unchanged - M-= = IR. “=r os V R Whese,R is consiant +eomed conductos- Linsitoiong, OF Obs Law ¥ (DObm's law cancot be apy ied for as sesistance oF gemiconduc 408 devices such as diodes, Zeros diodes etc... (ii) Ohm's Jaw iS not applicable Foss non metallic conductoes Such ¢S Silicon <9 abide. ii) Obw's law does ret hold geod pos devices like ase Jorops. (i) Obm's lew canned ke explained foes conductess which ase tempesatuse sensitive: () Obm's law cannot be applied foo Supeasconducteos 1. (B) State & Explain Kieschoffs Cuszeot Law & KischofF's Voltage law with Ae expmple ' prs. Kivchoff's Cussent Law (KEL) ‘ T+ states thal alge bsalc Sum of cussen! Eniesing a jeiring Ss equal so alge hoscric sun of Ccussent leaving sthe Janction- Scanned with CamScanner ©4 coasents fi, ia, is, ty meting OF ee Cussenis Flow? +towasds pode aze oer SS positive & cussenis leavi rode aze e1 negative paccoscing to lech: itis = thy Wytign ig -t, =O Kisehoff's voltage haw CK VL) © It states that olg Voltage azound & closed a closed loop rang K Clemens. =—‘M— eboaic Suro OF Joop iS ZeD0 FOS Fig”) Fig/ad, sepse Senis a single loop c opply kyl fers ciscul , “following sSonventons ace Considezed, When q battesy sousce i's teoced Fro negotive +o positive i+ iS voltage BiSe hence Em value will be positive if ‘it is toaced Vice vewsa, it iS voltage daop fess Which emf iseuly , to Value will be negative. fos voltage across zesistoss Flowing theough sesisto has of that of Assumed +¥ovessing clisecton Scanned with CamScanner if Cuseent same disectio© Exp lain ger e because cuscent to lowes potental I? cuszent . +o that °F jwectron, ter voltage dhen it as d2op in voltag always Flows Feo highes & that voltage |s negerive * disee yon in wesistos is opposite assumed taversing is positive - Le} I be cussenis Flowing thaseugh aesis tous Ri, Ra & Rg Shown is Fig ht applying KVL to the loop, we can waite: Es 7R)-TRe- Ika =O E=IR+1Rat TR3 £E- EIR esation OF Single phase alteasnating Voltage with neat wave foor - Pre Consides a seclanqulas coil ABCD ef N tues Placed in a nee magnetic Field as 15+ The Coil is sojated in anticlock wise disecton with Q unifesm angulas Velocity of w sad /sec, Let b be length of coil & ad be bseadth of Coil. aaa ' - i fs Scanned with CamScannerdegzee of Fxctaon Ovolts When @=0° flux licking the plone of Soil is Maximum, but sate of change of Flux linkage fs minimum Ciclealy =ees3), hence includes emf IS mMinimun OB Zezso: + bet the coil be solated ip anticlbekwise disecton Qs depicted when ©= 90° conducts AR iS Urdees influence of moaihpdle & Conductor CO OF same Coi) is undess influence of South fole. Ft this position Flux lin king with plane of Coil is minimum but sate of Change oF flux linkage iS Maxirun hence raxinmun Cmf is induced in the ceil. When ©-180° the conduchbas ABR ED ase Netbes undew influence of Nos thpole POT undess the influence of seuthpole - The conductors is Said to be ig magnetically neuteal axis: The induced emf becomes zexo at his position Scanned with CamScannerWhen @ care conducts AB is unde influences ef sSouthpele CE conducha @) : undoes influence of Coethpele -The sate Ms i Change of Flux linkage is maxinmans, bu dizecton of cussent iS PO” secussed as Compased O=0°, Position sherce dzectionr . Of induced emf is also seveased & become maxinure In Regatve clisecton- When ©* 360°, conductoas aze i7 Ceutsa) axis bence induced eoF Zexo. Considessing the Fig One Comporen} acting Gleng the plane of max volue oe peak Value of induced emf - Scanned with CamScanner2.9) Define teams > (i) Rroplitude + Maximuro displacement taking place Ina Function of SC eemces guantity « (il) Tine Pessiod :- / 4 is the time vequized fors an altesnating- quantity +0 complete one cycle. Git) Foam Factoes> Ratio of effective value (o> Bms value) to avesage value of ateanaig quantity 1S Called fom factozs ie; form facies Kp = _2ms value Preeage value: KF =_0: 707 "0 ep 6.633 Vm (i) Cycle:- One complete set of positive & re gective values of Functon is called a cycle W Feequency > Tt is pumbes of Gycks ef quantity that occus Ip ene second (Vi) Instantaneous Value + T+ is value of quantity the} at any instant OF tire. (vil) Peak Factoes'- Te is defined as sato of maximum value to RMS Value of ao ates nating quantity . Scanned with CamScannera. 5) Ans. rh Kp = _'?axirours Value 8 Sms value fos sinusoidal altesnating. cureent Kps YO 2 TR = buih Vea, Desive an &xpesession ‘Foes avesrage value of an altezsnating. quantity « The ayewsage value oz mean value is tbe algebsaic Sum of all Values to total numbesy of values- With Sespect +o Sinusoidal i+ Is clefined as asea undes the cave to length of base. Fos Syrometuied) Wwavefosms pave value calculated oves one cycle becomes equal fe zezs0 because the +ve asea cancels the ne achive azeq , hence Symmetsica wavefosms , the avg value is colculaied for half cycle renege: a vea andes the Cussve. Vougs Raca undees the cusve bength of base, Lengit> oF base = 17 7 avea unclees 4the cusve =f Vdeo ar 7 7 . a Vmsinede = Vl sino d 7 © = Vo (~cose), = Vn Scanned with CamScanner2.09 Desive an expzession foe sms value of 9° allesmad ng quantity B Ms Rms os effective value of an altesnading- Gussent is defined as that steady cuseent Which when flowin theough a given wesistane Fou a given ime peeduces seme amount of- heat as pooduced by an disect cussent,when Flowing. Same BDesistance foe same time. Toms = Asean of Syuased Length of base, Considkes a Siruscidal cussent i> imsir® Bro sinP at . j= ima Siow Length of base. 2, 1 i Leva Tams = 7 t 7? doe = a [ To siP cos de> fo _ Im® 7 oH “Sf (i-coste)de L, # Ag [(o Eee) ], < oT 7%, ro% as 2. “3, Poms = a A Tass 5 V AS = 0.407% I Scanned with CamScanneri ® Iso 3.0) Define phose & base diffesence & explain phase “plepessence with ae toa Leading & Lagging phase of 2 diffesent @ |teesna ting quer tities - Ars: Phase: Phase is defined as faactond poet oF tirge period theough which quantity has advanced Fee seluled zeso position oF wefesence -~ Phase difference: When 3 altesnating qucn tities OF Same fasequercy have diffeaen} zezro penis, they ave said te have aq Prase diffesence +The angle b/w Zese points 15 angle of phase diffsence . wt Logging t- V= VWesinwt ix Im Sin (wi-~d) in Fig Shown 2ez0 poiot ef cuszent Wwavefoam is aftes the 2e7o poict of Voltage ‘Wavefosnr hence Cuszent i's Logging. behind voltage ,wavefozsin, Phases & equa tion Bepzesentaton iS QS Shown. we XY ¢ Vig Se 1 Scanned with CamScannerV= Vi sin wt is Tr sio(wt td): Lead ing Vivo fe FOUN): Zeso point of voHage wave fe The waveftam Shewn: hence Cussend fs deoding voltage phases, eg, sepresentation 'S 3.b) Waite the difference bw seores & pozallel Sesistare Ciscui): Sexsies Paesable) + The Same arcoun) of Cuazen} Flows thesough all Components. , Tn ae etectaicad cieeult Soropensnis Ae axsanged| ip Q Jine. ‘Wher Besistoxs ave put ip @ Giscuil the volta e QASZOSS each Besisios diffeseni even though Cussent flew is same though all of thera - + If one Semponent beyeaks down ,+he whole ciscuit will bus out - Ve WtVa.+V3, 'f these ave 3 cesistond ID ciseult: 1S ex! Sussent Flowing theugh Each Components combine. to fear cussent Flow theough phe Sounce Components ase aseanged paw With Gach othes-. Wher ses'stoas aze pat IN Q ciereult 4he Voltage acsoss each Sesistos Ss Some . Othesr Components Function will Function even ip ' sermponent beeaks down: V= Vic Vas Va if these ave 5 WEsistows iN Q Ciscu't: Scanned with CamScanner