EVANGELISTA, Gabrielle Angela B.

GROUP 4 – San Lazaro Hospital

Assignment #1

Name of Other Name Causative Mode of Pathognomonic Incubation Diagnostic Medical and Nursing Management Prevention
Disease & Agents Transmission Signs/Signs and Period Test Treatment (Isolation)
Definition Symptoms (Drugs)
Tuberculosis Phthisis or Mycobacterium - Airborne - CSF high in 4 to 6 - TST or IGRA - Isoniazid - Promoting airway clearance Acid-fast
Koch’s Tuberculosis Transmission lymphocytes weeks result is - Rifapentine - Encourage the patient to bacillus
- a potentially Disease - Droplet - Coughing for three or usually - Rifampin adhere to the treatment regimen isolation
serious method more weeks positive - Pyrazinamide - Educate the patient on the
infectious - Coughing up blood or - Chest X-rays importance of adequate nutrition
disease that mucus - PCR test - Preventing spreading of
mainly - Chest pain or pain (polymerase tuberculosis infection by
affects the with breathing or chain following important hygienic
lungs. The coughing. reaction) measures
bacteria that - Low-grade afternoon - Tuberculin - Proper disposal of used
cause fever Test materials
tuberculosis - Night sweating - Monitor for medication’s
are spread - Loss of appetite adverse effects
from person - Weight loss
to person
through tiny
droplets
released into
the air via
coughs and
sneezes.
Diptheria Syrian ulcer, Corynebacterium Droplet Method - Pseudomembrane 2 to 5 days - Nose/throat Erythromycin • Improve Strict
Membranous diphtheria - Bull neck swab thermoregulation. Isolation
- a serious angina, - Dysphagia - Moloney’s • Monitor calorie intake and
bacterial Malignant - Dyspnea test quality of food consumption;
infection that croup, and - Schick’s test provide foods that stimulate the
usually Boulogne appetite, and measure the
affects the sore throat bodyweight daily.
mucous • Auscultate breath
membranes sounds, note the presence of an
of your nose additional breath sounds; place
and throat. the client in a comfortable
position that can aid maximum
lung expansion; help performs
chest physiotherapy; and suction
secretions as needed.
Pertussis - Whooping - Bordetella Droplet Catarrhal period: 7 7 – 10 days Bordet- Erythromycin - Maintaining patent airway is Respiratory
cough pertussis especially from days paroxysmal but not gengou agar always the first priority. Isolation
- a - Tusperina - Hemophilus laryngeal and cough followed by exceeding test - Auscultate lungs for presence of
respiratory - No day pertussis bronchial continuous nonstop 21 days normal or adventitious breath
tract cough - Bordet-gengou secretions accompanied by sounds.
infection bacillus vomiting - Assess respirations, note
characterized - Pertussis quality, rate, pattern, depth,
by a bacillus flaring of nostrils, dyspnea on
paroxysmal exertion, evidence of splinting,
cough. use of accessory muscles, and
position for breathing.
Tetanus Lockjaw Clostridium Indirect Contact Risus sardonicus – Varies from No specific - Antitoxin - Assess the frequency and - DPT
tetani facial spasm; sardonic 3 days to 1 test, only a - Antitetanus pattern of breath immunization
- a serious grin month, history of serum (ATS) - Note the presence of - Tetanus
bacterial falling punctured - Tetanus apnea, the frequency change of toxoid
infection that Opisthotonus – arching between 7 wound immunoglobulin heart, muscle tone and skin
affects the of back – 14 days (TIG) ( color.
nervous - Pen G - Perform cardiac and
system and For newborn: - Diazepam respiratory monitoring
causes - Difficulty of sucking continuously.
muscles - Excessive crying - Suction airway as
throughout - Stiffness of jaw needed.
the body to - Body malaise - Give the tactile
tighten. stimulation immediately after
apnea.
- Monitor laboratory tests
as indicated.
- Give oxygenation as
indicated.
- Give parenteral nutrition.
- Give medications as
indicated.
Poliomyelitis Infantile - Legio debilitans Fecal – oral - Paralysis 7 to 21 - CSF analysis No special - Obtain a history of vaccination, - OPV
paralysis - Polio virus route - Muscular weakness days / lumbar tap medicines or travel. and contact with recently vaccination
- a highly - Enterovirus - Uncoordinated body - Pandy’s test antibiotics that returned travelers. - Frequent
contagious movement can be used to - Observe the client for possible hand
disease - Hoyne’s sign – head treat a person. signs and symptoms of polio as washing
caused by a lag after 4 months The only listed above.
virus that treatment is - Encourage frequent small meals
attacks the supportive care. to promote nutritional and fluid
nervous intake; maintain nasogastric tube
system. feeding, if ordered;
hyperalimentation may be
necessary to ensure adequate
nutrition, and eliminate
unpleasant odors from the
environment during meals.
- Reduce or eliminate the sources
of heat loss in infants, and
monitor the body temperature.
- Assess respiratory rate, rhythm,
depth, effort, and breath sounds;
and elevate the head of the bed
to promote the optimum level of
activity for best possible lung
expansion.
- Administer analgesics as
prescribed, and educate the
patient on diversional activities to
reduce the pain.
Hepa B Serum Hepatitis B virus - Blood and - Right-sided 45 to 100 Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is - Monitor hydration through - Hepatitis B
Hepatitis body fluids Abdominal pain days surface treated with intake and output. immunization
- a potentially - Placenta - Jaundice agglutination drugs, such as - Monitor prothrombin time and - Wear
life- - Yellow-colored sclera (HBSAg) test lamivudine for signs of bleeding. protected
threatening - Anorexia and adefovir - Encourage the patient to eat clothing
liver infection - Nausea and vomiting dipivoxil. meals in a sitting position to - Hand
caused by - Joint and Muscle pain reduce pressure on the liver. washing
the hepatitis - Steatorrhea - Encourage pleasing meals in an -Observe
B virus - Dark-colored urine environment with minimal safe-sex
(HBV). - Low grade fever noxious stimuli (odors, noise, - Sterilize
and interruptions). instruments
used in minor
 - Teach self-administration of surgical-
antiemetics as prescribed. dental
- Encourage rest during procedures
symptomatic phase, according to - Screening of
level of fatigue. blood
- Encourage diversional activities products for
when recovery and transfusion
convalescence are prolonged.
- Encourage gradual resumption
of activities and mild exercise
during convalescent period.
- Stress importance of proper
public and home sanitation and
proper preparation and
dispensation of foods.
- Encourage specific protection
for close contacts.
- Explain precautions about
transmission and prevention of
transmission to others to the
patient and family.
- Warn the patient to avoid
trauma that may cause bruising.
- Stress the need to follow
precautions with blood and
secretions until the patient is
deemed free of HBsAg.
- Emphasize that most hepatitis
is self-limiting, but follow up is
needed for liver function tests.
Measles Rubeola Filterable virus - Droplet - Koplik’s Spot 10-12 days/ Blood Test - Antipyretics for - Darkened room to relieve Respiratory
Morbilli of method - Cough 20 days fever photophobia Isolation
- a highly Paramyxoviridae - Direct contact - Coryza (longest)/ 8 - Penicillin (only - Diet: Liquid but nourishing
contagious with respiratory - Conjunctivitis days when secondary - Warm saline solution for eyes to
illness caused charges - Fever (high-grade) (shortest)/ infection sets in) relieve eye irritation
by a virus - Indirect (40C or 104F) single - For fever: TSB and antipyretics
that contact with - Photophobia attack - Skin care; during eruptive
replicates in soiled linens conveys stage, soap is omitted;
the nose and and articles lifelong bicarbonate of soda in water or
throat of an immunity lotion to relieve itchiness
infected child
or adult.
Cholera El tor - Vibrio cholera Fecal-oral route Rice watery stool Few hours Stool Culture Tetracycline - Assess for dehydration. - Proper
- Vibrio coma to 5 days; - Observe for diarrhea. handwashing
- an acute - Ogawa and usually 3 - Assess the level of knowledge - Proper food
diarrhoeal Inaba bacteria days of the family and water
infection sanitation
caused by - Monitor intake and output. -
eating or - Weigh daily. Immunization
drinking food -Maintain hydration. of Chole-vac
or water that - Administer medications as
is indicated.
contaminated
with the
bacterium
Vibrio
cholerae.
Typhoid Salmonella Fecal-oral route - Rose Spots in the Usual range - Typhi dot Chloramphenicol - Provide assistance for Proper
Fever typhosa abdomen – due to 1 to 3 - Widal’s test ADLs. Provide assistance to handwashing
bleeding caused by weeks, meet their daily needs; involve Proper food
- a potentially perforation of the average 2 the family in the fulfillment of and water
fatal Peyer’s patches weeks ADL; and explain the purpose of sanitation
multisystemic bed rest to prevent complications
illness caused - Ladderlike fever and speed up the healing
primarily by process.
Salmonella - Encourage increase in fluid
enterica intake. Monitor the status of
serotype hydration as needed; monitor the
typhi. fluid intake daily; encourage an
increase in fluid intake; and
collaborate with other medical
team for IV fluid administration.
- Improve nutritional intake.
Monitor the amount of caloric
intake; monitor weight loss;
provide a comfortable
environment during meals; and
encourage an increase in protein
and vitamin C intake to meet
nutritional needs.
 - Reduce or diminish pain.
Assess the level of pain, location,
duration, intensity, and
characteristics; provide warm
compresses on areas with pain;
and administer analgesics as
prescribed.
- Improve body temperature.
Monitor patient temperature
degree and patterns; observe for
chills and profuse diaphoresis;
provide tepid sponge baths and
avoid the use of ice water and
alcohol; and administer
antipyretics as prescribed.

References:
https://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/corecurr/pdf/chapter2.pdf

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12345139/#:~:text=The%20pathognomonic%20signs%20are%20cerebrospinal,nodules%20visible%20in%20the%20fundus.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250

https://www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis_tb_facts/article.htm#:~:text=The%20incubation%20period%20may%20vary,appropriate%20therapy%20for%20several%20weeks.

https://nurseslabs.com/pulmonary-tuberculosis/#nursing_management

https://idoc.pub/documents/communicable-disease-nursing-part-ii-diseases-1d47em5eyjn2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837677/#:~:text=Reports%20of%20epidemics%20of%20%E2%80%9Cthroat,croup%2C%20and%20Boulogne%20sore%20throat.

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vzRiDNQ1tabsD_fb_uFSDaenY7CRFI-_Qbjs65PquCLthzz-PYf7OYRlPUrBs4g61rg