paration Proc Principles DIEM iitete Coen ears Seader | Henley | RoperEXAMPLE 18.20 Fluidized-Bed Dryer. Ten thousand Ib/h of wet sand at 70°F with a moisture content of 20% (dry basis) is to be dried to a moisture content of 5% (dry basis) ina continuous, fluidized-bed dryer operating at a pressure of 1 atm in the free-board region above the bed. The sand has a narrow size range, with an average particle size of 500 jum; a sphericity, &, of 0.67; and a particle density of 2.6 g/em*, When the sand bed is dry, its void fraction, e,, is 0.55. Fluidizing air will enter the bed at a temperature of 1,000°F with a humidity of 0.01 Ib H,O/lb dry. ‘The adiabatic-saturation temperature is estimated to be 145°F. Batch pilot-plant tests with a fluidization velocity of twice the minimum show that drying takes place in the constant-rate period and that all ‘moisture can be removed in 8 minutes using air at the same condi- tions and with a bed temperature of 145°F. Determine the bed height and diameter for the large, continuous unit. Solution 500 1m = 0.0500cm Heat-transfer rate: (Cp), = 0.20 Btu/Ib-°F, Ty, = 145° F = Tyo = Tas, 10,000/(1 + 0.2) = 8,330 tb/hdry sand, and AHS = 1,011 Btu/Ib, Ty, = 70°F. From (18-69), OQ = 8,330{0.20(145 — 70) + 0.20(1)( 145 — 70) +(0.20 — 0.05)(1,011)} = 1,510,000 Btu/h Air rate: 1,510,000 [(0-242) + (0.01)(0.447)](1,000 — 145) = 7,170 tb/h dry airFrom (18-65), my = 8,330(0.20— 0.05) = moisture. 250 Ib/h evaporaced (7,170)(0.01) + 1,250 Total exiting gas flow rate= 7,170(1 + 0.184) = 8,500 Ib/h Hey = 184 IbH20/Ib dry air Minimuan fluidization velocity: Mof existing gas = “Ts” PM __(1)(26.5) 3 (edax Bre ~ ToTeORT ~ 001 = 0.00096 g/em* b= 0.048 Ib /ft-h = 0.00020 g/em-s For small particles, assume streamline flow at tijy So that (18-87) applies, but check to see if Nine <20. Using cgs units, __ (0.0500)? (2.6 — 0.00096)(980)(0.55)*(0.67)? ump = T50(0.00020)(1 — 0.55) 35.3em/s ptingy _ (0.0500)(35.3)(0.00096) _ - 0.00020 - Nrep 85 Since rep < 20, (18-87) does apply. Use a superficial-gas velocity of twice tm = 2(35.3) = 70.6 cm/s = 8,340t/h.Bud density. Fixed-bed density = 9 ~ €1) =2.6(1 ~ 0.55624) = 73.0 bi Assume the bed expands by 10% upon fluidization to, 66 lb/ft (dry basis) Average particle-residence time: For constant-rate drying in a batch dryer, all particles have the same residence time. From pilot-plant data, 0=8 min for drying. For the large, continuous operation, (18-91) applies, with Kay = 0.05 and X, =0.20. Thus, 1 8 -~(-) (8/r) 0.05 = 0.20] 1 Solving this nonlinear equation, + time for particles. Only (0.20 — 0.05) (0200.0) residence time would be required in a batch dryer to dry to 5% mois- ture. Therefore, more than double the residence time is needed in the continuous unit, 2 minutes average residence (8) =6min Bed height. To achieve the average residence time of 13.2 minutes=0.22 h, the expanded-bed volume, and corresponding bed height, must be mg _ 8,330(0.22) % Vs. aD? /4 Vo = 27.880 Hy =