Republic of the Philippines

Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

The Contemporary World

Sustainable Development Goals

Reynil B. Labriaga
BSCE-3C

April Luzon
Instructor
 1. Examine the gap between the urban and rural areas across the global.
How is that gap affected by globalization?

Rural areas have lower economic growth, higher poverty levels, and
lower-quality infrastructure and services, indicating a divide between rural and
urban areas. The rural-urban gap can be seen in three measures that contrast
welfare levels in rural and urban areas: (1) agricultural and non-agricultural
productivity, (2) poverty levels in rural and urban areas, and (3) levels of
infrastructure and public services deprivation in rural and urban areas. The
productivity gap can be illustrated by comparing the productivity of labor
employed in agriculture (value-added per worker per year) with the productivity
of labor employed in other sectors (services and industry).

The central problem underlying the emergence of an urban-rural divide is

the productivity disparity between agriculture, manufacturing, and services. It
should come as no surprise that poverty is concentrated in rural areas, given the
productivity gap. Agriculture, agriculture-related industry, and agriculture-
related services dominate rural areas, and unproductive and low-wage
agriculture is unable to provide the competitive, demand-led growth that the
non-farm rural sector requires to thrive. As a result, poverty levels in rural areas
are mostly two or three times higher than in urban areas.

A third aspect of the rural-urban gap is the significantly lower level of

infrastructure and rural services in rural areas, compared to urban areas.
Electricity, drinking water, sanitation and housing services are also areas of large
differences between rural and urban areas. The long-standing policy emphasis
on urban areas and industry has resulted in a neglect of basic rural infrastructure,
starting with educational and health inequities, as well as the provision of public
services like electricity, drinking water, and sanitation. Rural residents are denied
the same opportunities as urban residents in terms of education, health, and
public services. In rural areas, poor education, health, and public services stifle
growth and discourage private investment. As a result, they obstruct the closure
of the income and job gap between rural and urban areas.

Globalization is a major driver of change in contemporary rural and urban

areas, involving the multiplication, stretching, and intensification of social,
economic, political, and cultural relations over space. Processes such as the
integration of the global economy, increased flows of international migration,
and a growing global consciousness and standardization of values impact on
rural areas affected by established economic structures, prompting changes in
agriculture and land management, restructuring populations, challenging
traditional cultures, and generating conflicts. The impacts of globalization
processes vary between rural areas, shaped in part by the responses of rural
communities through economic development strategies and protest
mobilization. While considering the gap between the more importantly is that,
the progress of one area must be contributed equity to everyone. The gap
between the two may be broke if the two areas work together and help each
other. Provide what is missing and give what is needed.

2. What do you think is the impact of urbanization and the rise of global city
on the agriculture sector?

This has been underpinned by the rapid growth in the world economy
and in the proportion of gross world product and of the economically active
population working in industry and services (since most industrial and service
enterprises are in urban areas). Globally, agricultural production has managed
to meet the demands from a rapid growth in the proportion of the workforce
not producing food and rapid changes in food demands towards more energy-
and greenhouse gas emission-intensive food.

The term urbanization is also used for the expansion of urban land uses.
The conventional definition for urbanization used in this paper entails a shift in
settlement patterns from dispersed to more dense settlement. By way of contrast,
much of the expansion of urban land use is the result of a shift from dense to
more dispersed settlement. In effect, the term urbanization is being used to refer
to two opposing spatial shifts in settlement patterns, likely to have opposing
effects on, for example, the land available for agriculture.