Name: Swarnali Nath Dept: ECE Roll no: 14400318001

Exp No: 06
Exp. Name: Design a 3LAN network using hub and single switch so minimum collision can be
achieved.
Objective: To see how minimum collision is achieved in a network by using hub or switch.

Principle:

Hub:
A hub is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a
network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN. A hub has many ports in it.
A computer which intends to be connected to the network is plugged in to one of these
ports. When a data frame arrives at a port, it is broadcast to every other port, without
considering whether it is destined for a particular destination or not.
Hub works in single broadcast and single collision domain. So when multiple packets are
transmitted, collision is maximum.

Switch:
A switch is a data link layer networking device which connects devices in a network and uses
packet switching to send and receive data over the network. Like a hub, a switch also has
many ports, to which computers are plugged in. However, when a data frame arrives at any
port of a network switch, it examines the destination address and sends the frame to the
corresponding device(s). Thus, it supports both unicast and multicast communications.
Switch works in single broadcast and multiple collision domains. So when multiple packets
are transmitted, collision is minimum.
We will see this with a example.

Procedure:

1. We will make 3 simple LAN with hubs and connect them with a hub.
2. We will also make similar kind of connection with a switch in place of the center hub.
3. We will try to send multiple spdu from one lan to another.
Simulation result:

In case of hub:

1. Sending pdu from P to U and T to S.

2. Multiple ARP requests are collided when reached at one hub.

3. ICMP packet is failed to send due to collision.

4. Both transmissions are failed.

In case of switch:

1. Sending spdu B to E and F to D.

2. No collision happened when multiple ARP requests reached switch.

3. ARP requests are accepted by the right devices.

4. ICMP packets are ready to be transmitted.

5. ICMP packet is collided at hub. Hub sends that packet to switch.

6. So the transmission from F to D is failed.

7. ICMP packet is accepted by E.

8. Acknowledgment is accepted by B. therefore, transmission from B to E is successfully

completed.

Result:
Unlike hub, for the same transmission, using switch we have achieved minimum collision.
Discussion:

So, we have seen how hub and switch’s broadcast and collision domains work. Packets are
collided and destroyed when we used hub. Hub has a single collision domain, so we
certainly cannot achieve minimum collision using hub. We have to use multiple collision
domain property of switch. Switch divides its collision domain according to the number of
port it uses at that current moment.

So when we do similar kind of transmissions using hub and switch, we can see there is no
collision at the switch end. Thus, we achieved minimum collision using switch.