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    4 views5 pages

    Bogin Childhood Opt

    Uploaded by

    Yan Padula

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    BOGIN, Barry 1999 Patterns of Human Growth ‘cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2# ed Who bevels fom eid? ‘ui sas of extant and fossil apes and hominis provide some id of when human He stages may have evolved, but do not explain why they ‘volved, Bonne (1565) shows thi the presence of stag, nd its duration, the fe eyle relates to such baie adaptations as locomotion, reproduc ‘ive rates and food acquisition. To make sense out ofthe pater of human ' r1owth one must look forthe "asic adaptations that Bonner describes Tie most hase of these adaptations ate those that relat o evolutionary sees This is traditionally measured in terms ofthe nme of offspring 190 voluion ofthe human if ycte {hat survive and reproduce. Biological and behavioral traits do nol ew tunles they confer upon their owners some degree of reproductive sh tage in terms of survivors a generation of move late. Tee ‘texte reasoasfor the evolution ofhuman dildhood were liste a the stat ‘hapter. These reasons emphasized the role of learning in man ai tion, and they are valid reasons inasmuch as learning does cont an adaptive advantage fo pre-adult individuals. However, te textbook Planations cannot aecount for dhe inital impets forthe inert sl stildhood into hur ie history. A childhood stage of developments necessary for the type of leaning listed here. The prolonged inacy sn juvenile petiod ofthe sosal carnivores (Bekoff & Byers, 1985) and ses (Gosia, 194) can serve that foretion. Rather childhood may be beter vewed as a feeding and reproductive adaptation for the parent, 23 ey to elicit parental are afer infancy, asa strategy to minimize th "iss of starvation for the eid « means of shifting the eave of ofspri from the parents, especially the mother, to juveniles and oles, post reproductive, adulis (i, grandmothers}, and as a mechanism tht allows For mors precise ‘trackng’ of ecological conditions via developmental plasticity daring the growing year. “Thus in adltion to the thee textbook explanations given atthe beg ning of tis chapter, propos that tev are at east ve additional reasons forthe evoltion of childhood 1. Cito a feing and reproductive adaptation [A childhood groweh stage may have oxginally evolved at 4 means by Which the mother, the father, and other kin eouk! provide dependent firing with food Thies the mother from the demands of nursing ahd the inhibition of ovulation elated to continuous nursing, This decreases the interbizth interval an inereases reproductive ines. Consider the data shown in Figure 4.10, which depicts several hominoid

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